重大件运输中驳船结构问题的计算、分析与研究
|
摘要
船舶的结构强度问题，是船舶的研究、设计、建造、营运各阶段都十分关注的最重要的问题之一。与传统的货物运输不同，用于重大件运输的甲板驳或半潜驳是一种不同于一般货船的特殊船舶。在重大件运输中，驳船结构强度问题尤为突出。结构能够承受重载并安全营运，是船东和货主签定运输合同的前提。因此，本文研究的驳船强度问题，具有十分重要的现实意义。
根据实践经验，利用驳船运输重大件货物，驳船总纵强度是能够调整的，可以利用适当配载和压载很容易满足，而驳船船体局部强度则一般是不变的，也往往是令人担忧的，是必需重点考虑和必需解决的问题。
本文以一艘载重吨15000吨的大型半潜式甲板驳船(“重任1602”)装载1个超大型沉箱(11351.3吨)为例，采用“船体梁”理论进行船体总纵强度计算与校核。运用直接计算法，利用国际上相关成熟的计算程序(Ansys)，进行船体结构强度计算，即：首先建立三维舱段模型，对给定的工况，分析载荷情况，计算局部结构强度；对比较重要的结构(舷侧和横舱壁、主甲板)建立二维模型，在给定工况下，分析载荷并进行强度计算。然后依据实际情况进行了结构屈曲强度校核。最后对计算结果进行了分析和评估，发现了应力较高甚至是超出许用应力值的结构和部位，提出了结构加强建议。
文章特别对主甲板的结构稳定性进行了研究，在总结吸收前人的研究成果的基础上，详细探讨了主甲板加筋板架失稳模式。对加筋板中板的局部屈曲，采用能量变分原理推导其临界应力的解析表达式。对于加筋板中加强筋腹板的局部屈曲，则用解析法推导出筋的腹板的挠度方程及其边界条件，求解相应的方程，从而计算出腹板的局部屈曲应力。对于加筋板中筋的侧倾失稳，则通过能量法推导加强筋侧倾失稳时的总势能泛函，利用最小势能原理求解出此失稳模式下的临界应力。
最后，本文计算了主甲板的承载能力，使得在实际工程中，工程技术人员能够更好地掌握该船的装载性能。
本文的计算模式和分析研究成果，不仅是只针对“重任1602”驳船，也可广泛地应用于其他驳船，以满足相关工程需要。
The structure strength of a ship is one of much attention-getting and the most important question in the stage of research, design, construction and operation of the ship. It is different from the traditional transportation of goods in that the deck barge to transport the heavy cargos is a special ship varying from the common ship. In the transportation of the heavy cargo, the problem of structure strength of the barge is especially standing out.
It is a precondition for the contract signing between the owner and shipper that the structure can load the heavy goods and operate safely. So, there is a very important realism meaning for the dissertation to research the structure strengths of the barge.
According to the practicable experiences, it is very easy to satisfy the general longitudinal strength of a barge for properly loading and ballasting. In a general way, the local strength of the barge structure is confirmable and anxious. It is a importance problem and must be solved.
Firstly, the general longitudinal strength is calculated with the "hull girder" theory of a large semi-submergible deck barge (Zhongren 1602) whose carrying capacity is 15000 tons with one super large caisson(l 1351.53 tons) loading on it. With the help of the international widely-used software ANSYS, the thesis adopts the Direct Strength Method(DSM) to calculate the local structure strength. Under the defined loading, it makes up a three dimensional model to calculate the local strength of the barge, and makes up a two-dimensional models to calculate the strength of the local structres such as the side shell and transverse bulkhead and the main deck. And the buckling strength is also calculated and checked. After analyzing and evaluating the results, several suggestions about operation and structure reinforcement to meet the need of project are offered.
Specially, the structure stability of the main deck is studied. After summarizing the results of former researchers, some analyses are separately performed for all kinds of buckling modes of the grillage structure. In the analysis of the elastic local buckling strength of the plates in stiffened plates, an analytical expression is derived for calculating the local strength of a stiffened plate subjected to biaxial thrust considering plate/stiffener interaction. In the analysis of the elastic local buckling strength of the stiffener's web, the elastic critical stress is analytically derived by solving the eigen value problem involving the governing differential equation under the corresponding loading and boundary conditions. In the analysis of the elastic tripping of the stiffener, the critical stress under this mode of failure is derived by using the energy method and the principle of least potential energy .
Finally, the load support capability of the main deck is calculated. Then, the work designer and operator can know accurately of the capability of the barge deck .
The calculation mode and the research are not only for the barge "Zhongren 1602" but also for the other barge and relative project.
根据实践经验，利用驳船运输重大件货物，驳船总纵强度是能够调整的，可以利用适当配载和压载很容易满足，而驳船船体局部强度则一般是不变的，也往往是令人担忧的，是必需重点考虑和必需解决的问题。
本文以一艘载重吨15000吨的大型半潜式甲板驳船(“重任1602”)装载1个超大型沉箱(11351.3吨)为例，采用“船体梁”理论进行船体总纵强度计算与校核。运用直接计算法，利用国际上相关成熟的计算程序(Ansys)，进行船体结构强度计算，即：首先建立三维舱段模型，对给定的工况，分析载荷情况，计算局部结构强度；对比较重要的结构(舷侧和横舱壁、主甲板)建立二维模型，在给定工况下，分析载荷并进行强度计算。然后依据实际情况进行了结构屈曲强度校核。最后对计算结果进行了分析和评估，发现了应力较高甚至是超出许用应力值的结构和部位，提出了结构加强建议。
文章特别对主甲板的结构稳定性进行了研究，在总结吸收前人的研究成果的基础上，详细探讨了主甲板加筋板架失稳模式。对加筋板中板的局部屈曲，采用能量变分原理推导其临界应力的解析表达式。对于加筋板中加强筋腹板的局部屈曲，则用解析法推导出筋的腹板的挠度方程及其边界条件，求解相应的方程，从而计算出腹板的局部屈曲应力。对于加筋板中筋的侧倾失稳，则通过能量法推导加强筋侧倾失稳时的总势能泛函，利用最小势能原理求解出此失稳模式下的临界应力。
最后，本文计算了主甲板的承载能力，使得在实际工程中，工程技术人员能够更好地掌握该船的装载性能。
本文的计算模式和分析研究成果，不仅是只针对“重任1602”驳船，也可广泛地应用于其他驳船，以满足相关工程需要。
The structure strength of a ship is one of much attention-getting and the most important question in the stage of research, design, construction and operation of the ship. It is different from the traditional transportation of goods in that the deck barge to transport the heavy cargos is a special ship varying from the common ship. In the transportation of the heavy cargo, the problem of structure strength of the barge is especially standing out.
It is a precondition for the contract signing between the owner and shipper that the structure can load the heavy goods and operate safely. So, there is a very important realism meaning for the dissertation to research the structure strengths of the barge.
According to the practicable experiences, it is very easy to satisfy the general longitudinal strength of a barge for properly loading and ballasting. In a general way, the local strength of the barge structure is confirmable and anxious. It is a importance problem and must be solved.
Firstly, the general longitudinal strength is calculated with the "hull girder" theory of a large semi-submergible deck barge (Zhongren 1602) whose carrying capacity is 15000 tons with one super large caisson(l 1351.53 tons) loading on it. With the help of the international widely-used software ANSYS, the thesis adopts the Direct Strength Method(DSM) to calculate the local structure strength. Under the defined loading, it makes up a three dimensional model to calculate the local strength of the barge, and makes up a two-dimensional models to calculate the strength of the local structres such as the side shell and transverse bulkhead and the main deck. And the buckling strength is also calculated and checked. After analyzing and evaluating the results, several suggestions about operation and structure reinforcement to meet the need of project are offered.
Specially, the structure stability of the main deck is studied. After summarizing the results of former researchers, some analyses are separately performed for all kinds of buckling modes of the grillage structure. In the analysis of the elastic local buckling strength of the plates in stiffened plates, an analytical expression is derived for calculating the local strength of a stiffened plate subjected to biaxial thrust considering plate/stiffener interaction. In the analysis of the elastic local buckling strength of the stiffener's web, the elastic critical stress is analytically derived by solving the eigen value problem involving the governing differential equation under the corresponding loading and boundary conditions. In the analysis of the elastic tripping of the stiffener, the critical stress under this mode of failure is derived by using the energy method and the principle of least potential energy .
Finally, the load support capability of the main deck is calculated. Then, the work designer and operator can know accurately of the capability of the barge deck .
The calculation mode and the research are not only for the barge "Zhongren 1602" but also for the other barge and relative project.
引文
1．张少雄，杨永谦 关于油船结构强度计算的几种方法[J] 武汉造船 1999(1)
2．王绍鸿 大型油船结构尺寸直接计算方法研究[J]船舶工程1997(3)
3．邵文蛟，郭爱宾强度分析中的几个问题[J]上海交通大学学报1998(11)
4．郭列，朱胜昌等 集装箱船船体强度校核方法[J] 船舶工程 1996(3)
5．陈庆强，孙兆康等 3800箱集装箱船总纵强度计算两种方法对比研究[J] 船舶力学2001(1)
6．朱胜昌，陈庆强等 大型集装箱船总纵强度计算方法研究[J] 船舶力学2001(2)
7．白建伟，李润培 集装箱船整船有限元结构分析[J] 船舶工程2000(5)
8．徐向东，仰莼雯 联合载荷作用下的整船有限元分析[J]船舶力学 1999(1)
9．陈志坚，郭日修船体强度三维有限元分析的载荷直接计算和验证[J] 中国造船2002(1)
10．陈庆强，朱胜昌 船体结构强度直接计算中的外载荷节点化方法[J] 船舶工程 1996(4)
11．程远胜，曾广武 考虑不确定性的船舶坐墩配墩优化[J]华中科技大学学报(自然科学版) 2002(3)
12．张四薇，郑莎莎 自卸式远洋散装水泥运输船特殊结构强度分析研究[J] 船舶工程2000(3)
13. A.Rusch,J.Lindner: Remarks to Direct Strength Method [J] Thin-Walled Structures, 2001(39)
14. Sun Liping Liu Yuqiu: Optimal Design of VLCC Midship Structures [J] Journal of Ship Mechanics Jun. 1999 Vol.3 No.3
15. NIE Wu, LIU Yu-qiu: Sturctural Reanalysis of a Convoy Frigate [J] Journal of Ship Mechanics Jun.2001 Vol.5 No.3
16．郑云龙 金在律等 有限元与边界元耦合法在船舶结构直接设计分析系统中的应用[J] 船舶工程1997(3)
17．郑云龙 大型船舶结构有限元静动力分析方法及软件系统[J] 船舶工程1998(3)
18．尹群 管义锋 船舶静水剪力和弯矩的计算及分析[J] 造船技术2002(1)
19．胡毓仁，孙久龙船体总纵极限强度简化计算方法的发展 第一届全国船舶力学会议论文集1999
20．杨永谦 黄贻平 薄璧梁理论在船体扭转分析中的发展[J] 武汉水运工程学院学报1986(4)
21．陈伯真 胡毓仁 船体扭转强度的分析方法[J] 上海交通大学学报1985(5)
22. P.Temdrup Pedersen: A Beam Model for the Torsional-Bending Response of Ship
Hulls[J] The Royal Institution of Naval Arehiteets 1982
23．杨永谦 有限元法在结构分析中的应用[M]1989
24．C．T．F．鲁斯著吴德心等译 结构力学的有限元法[M] 人民交通出版社 1991
25．陈铁云，陈伯真 船舶结构力学[M] 国防工业出版社 1984
26．王杰德 杨永谦 船体强度与结构分析[M] 国防工业出版社1992
27．杨代盛，桑国光等 船舶强度的概率方法[M] 哈尔滨工程大学出版社 1994
28．中国船级社船体结构强度直接计算指南 人民交通出版社 2001
29．王勖成，邵敏 有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M] 清华大学出版社 1997
30．刘尔烈 崔恩第 有限单元法及程序设计[M] 天津大学出版社 1997
31．张圣坤，韩继文，汪庠宝 船舶计算结构力学[M] 上海交通大学出版社 1994
32．聂武，孙丽萍 船舶计算结构力学[M] 哈尔滨工程大学出版社 1999
33．俞铭华 船舶板架稳定性研究进展[J] 华东船舶工业学院学报 2000(4)
34．郭达 谢祚水 俞铭华 大型板架稳定性的有限元分析[J] 华东船舶工业学院学报2000(4)
35．王永军 崔维成 联合作用下的板格极限强度 第一届全国船舶力学会议论文集1999
36．张连文，曾广武 加筋板局部／总体屈曲分析 第一届全国船舶力学会议论文集1999
37．彭兴宁，徐向东轮载作用下的甲板结构设计[J] 船舶工程2000(2)
38．张涛，刘士光等 开孔有限板的孔边应力场分析[J] 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)2002(1)
39．王永军 崔维成 万正权 受双向压缩与垂向载荷联合作用下的船体平板极限承载能力计算[J]船舶力学 1998(2)
40．崔维成，郑金鑫 计及横向应力和垂向载荷影响的加筋板格有效板宽的理论计算方法[J] 船舶力学 2001(4)
41. Masahiko Fujikubo etc. Elastic local buckling strength of stiffened plate considering plate/stiffener interaction and welding residual stress [J].Marine Structures 12(1999)543-564
42. Jeom Kee Paik,etc: Local Buckling of Stiffeners in Ship Plating [J]. Journal of Ship Reseach,Vol,42,No, 1, March 1998, pp.56-67
43. CUI Wei-cheng WANG Yong-jun: Strength of Ship Stiffened Panels under Combined Loading[J] Journal of Ship Mechanics Jun.2000 Vol.4 No.3
44. Masahiko Fujikubo etc. Elastic local buckling strength of stiffened plate considering plate/stiffener interaction and welding residual stress [J].Marine Structures 12(1999)543-564
45. Ygal Shapir and Gregory J.White: An Analysis of the Ultimate Strength of Deck
Structures Under In-Plane Loads, [J] Marine Technology, Vol.20,No.3,July 1983,pp230-251
46. D. Faulkner etc: Synthesis of Welding Grillage to Withstand Compression and Nomal Loads [J]. Computers & Structures, Vol.3, pp.221-246.Pergamon Press 1973
47. O. F. Hughes and M. Ma, Inelastic Analysis of Panel Collapse by Stiffener Buckling [J], Computer&Structures Vol. 61. No. 1, 1996
48. O. F. Hughes and M. Ma, Elastic Tripping Analysis of Asymmetrical Stiffeners[J], Computer&Structures Vol. 61. No. 3, pp369-389, 1996
49．李长春，施德培 矩形板极限承载能力的探讨[J] 上海交通大学学报30卷5期
50．顾永宁，吕向阳 板梁组合结构破损过程研究[J] 上海交通大学学报30卷3期
51．魏明钟 钢结构[M]武汉工业大学出版社2000
52．王仕统 结构稳定[M]华南理工大学出版社1997
53．刘光栋 罗汉泉 杆系结构稳定[M] 人民交通出版社1989
54．黄与宏板结构[M] 人民交通出版社1989
2．王绍鸿 大型油船结构尺寸直接计算方法研究[J]船舶工程1997(3)
3．邵文蛟，郭爱宾强度分析中的几个问题[J]上海交通大学学报1998(11)
4．郭列，朱胜昌等 集装箱船船体强度校核方法[J] 船舶工程 1996(3)
5．陈庆强，孙兆康等 3800箱集装箱船总纵强度计算两种方法对比研究[J] 船舶力学2001(1)
6．朱胜昌，陈庆强等 大型集装箱船总纵强度计算方法研究[J] 船舶力学2001(2)
7．白建伟，李润培 集装箱船整船有限元结构分析[J] 船舶工程2000(5)
8．徐向东，仰莼雯 联合载荷作用下的整船有限元分析[J]船舶力学 1999(1)
9．陈志坚，郭日修船体强度三维有限元分析的载荷直接计算和验证[J] 中国造船2002(1)
10．陈庆强，朱胜昌 船体结构强度直接计算中的外载荷节点化方法[J] 船舶工程 1996(4)
11．程远胜，曾广武 考虑不确定性的船舶坐墩配墩优化[J]华中科技大学学报(自然科学版) 2002(3)
12．张四薇，郑莎莎 自卸式远洋散装水泥运输船特殊结构强度分析研究[J] 船舶工程2000(3)
13. A.Rusch,J.Lindner: Remarks to Direct Strength Method [J] Thin-Walled Structures, 2001(39)
14. Sun Liping Liu Yuqiu: Optimal Design of VLCC Midship Structures [J] Journal of Ship Mechanics Jun. 1999 Vol.3 No.3
15. NIE Wu, LIU Yu-qiu: Sturctural Reanalysis of a Convoy Frigate [J] Journal of Ship Mechanics Jun.2001 Vol.5 No.3
16．郑云龙 金在律等 有限元与边界元耦合法在船舶结构直接设计分析系统中的应用[J] 船舶工程1997(3)
17．郑云龙 大型船舶结构有限元静动力分析方法及软件系统[J] 船舶工程1998(3)
18．尹群 管义锋 船舶静水剪力和弯矩的计算及分析[J] 造船技术2002(1)
19．胡毓仁，孙久龙船体总纵极限强度简化计算方法的发展 第一届全国船舶力学会议论文集1999
20．杨永谦 黄贻平 薄璧梁理论在船体扭转分析中的发展[J] 武汉水运工程学院学报1986(4)
21．陈伯真 胡毓仁 船体扭转强度的分析方法[J] 上海交通大学学报1985(5)
22. P.Temdrup Pedersen: A Beam Model for the Torsional-Bending Response of Ship
Hulls[J] The Royal Institution of Naval Arehiteets 1982
23．杨永谦 有限元法在结构分析中的应用[M]1989
24．C．T．F．鲁斯著吴德心等译 结构力学的有限元法[M] 人民交通出版社 1991
25．陈铁云，陈伯真 船舶结构力学[M] 国防工业出版社 1984
26．王杰德 杨永谦 船体强度与结构分析[M] 国防工业出版社1992
27．杨代盛，桑国光等 船舶强度的概率方法[M] 哈尔滨工程大学出版社 1994
28．中国船级社船体结构强度直接计算指南 人民交通出版社 2001
29．王勖成，邵敏 有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M] 清华大学出版社 1997
30．刘尔烈 崔恩第 有限单元法及程序设计[M] 天津大学出版社 1997
31．张圣坤，韩继文，汪庠宝 船舶计算结构力学[M] 上海交通大学出版社 1994
32．聂武，孙丽萍 船舶计算结构力学[M] 哈尔滨工程大学出版社 1999
33．俞铭华 船舶板架稳定性研究进展[J] 华东船舶工业学院学报 2000(4)
34．郭达 谢祚水 俞铭华 大型板架稳定性的有限元分析[J] 华东船舶工业学院学报2000(4)
35．王永军 崔维成 联合作用下的板格极限强度 第一届全国船舶力学会议论文集1999
36．张连文，曾广武 加筋板局部／总体屈曲分析 第一届全国船舶力学会议论文集1999
37．彭兴宁，徐向东轮载作用下的甲板结构设计[J] 船舶工程2000(2)
38．张涛，刘士光等 开孔有限板的孔边应力场分析[J] 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)2002(1)
39．王永军 崔维成 万正权 受双向压缩与垂向载荷联合作用下的船体平板极限承载能力计算[J]船舶力学 1998(2)
40．崔维成，郑金鑫 计及横向应力和垂向载荷影响的加筋板格有效板宽的理论计算方法[J] 船舶力学 2001(4)
41. Masahiko Fujikubo etc. Elastic local buckling strength of stiffened plate considering plate/stiffener interaction and welding residual stress [J].Marine Structures 12(1999)543-564
42. Jeom Kee Paik,etc: Local Buckling of Stiffeners in Ship Plating [J]. Journal of Ship Reseach,Vol,42,No, 1, March 1998, pp.56-67
43. CUI Wei-cheng WANG Yong-jun: Strength of Ship Stiffened Panels under Combined Loading[J] Journal of Ship Mechanics Jun.2000 Vol.4 No.3
44. Masahiko Fujikubo etc. Elastic local buckling strength of stiffened plate considering plate/stiffener interaction and welding residual stress [J].Marine Structures 12(1999)543-564
45. Ygal Shapir and Gregory J.White: An Analysis of the Ultimate Strength of Deck
Structures Under In-Plane Loads, [J] Marine Technology, Vol.20,No.3,July 1983,pp230-251
46. D. Faulkner etc: Synthesis of Welding Grillage to Withstand Compression and Nomal Loads [J]. Computers & Structures, Vol.3, pp.221-246.Pergamon Press 1973
47. O. F. Hughes and M. Ma, Inelastic Analysis of Panel Collapse by Stiffener Buckling [J], Computer&Structures Vol. 61. No. 1, 1996
48. O. F. Hughes and M. Ma, Elastic Tripping Analysis of Asymmetrical Stiffeners[J], Computer&Structures Vol. 61. No. 3, pp369-389, 1996
49．李长春，施德培 矩形板极限承载能力的探讨[J] 上海交通大学学报30卷5期
50．顾永宁，吕向阳 板梁组合结构破损过程研究[J] 上海交通大学学报30卷3期
51．魏明钟 钢结构[M]武汉工业大学出版社2000
52．王仕统 结构稳定[M]华南理工大学出版社1997
53．刘光栋 罗汉泉 杆系结构稳定[M] 人民交通出版社1989
54．黄与宏板结构[M] 人民交通出版社1989