专利等级划分方法的研究与实现
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摘要
企业的竞争归根究底是产品的竞争,所以说预测当前产品的技术水平和下一代产品的研究方向,对于提高企业的竞争优势有非常重要的意义。然而,对于技术成熟度预测的方法多种多样,应用最广泛、最有效的方法是由前苏联G.S. Altshuller教授提出的基于TRIZ理论的预测方法。他利用专利数量、专利等级和弥补缺陷专利数量三项指标作为专利考察模式,同时将技术生命周期分为婴儿期、成长期、成熟期、退出期等四个阶段。
然而在前面提到的三个指标当中,在判断专利等级的时候,Altshuller引入许多标准:(a)什么种类的知识才能够形成发明;(b)是否有任何冲突通过发明解决了;(c)需要反复尝试的次数。然而从专利中提取这些内容,对于标准(a)和(c)来说是相当主观的。其次,各种网络出版物,杂志文章和书籍提供了对于Altshuller的5级等级划分提供了不同的解释,彼此之间区别很大,但是也没有明确的解释不同为什么会存在。
基于以上考虑,本文提出了一种新的方法对技术和非技术领域的专利来进行五级分类。引进新的标准来区分专利的等级,以减少Altshuller的分级标准的混乱。避免了使用非常主观的标准,如:创新程度、已解决的冲突数量、反复尝试次数等。
通过分析专利技术,对应于新的方法提出了一种专利指标体系,可以更加快速、有效的划分专利等级。应用了层次分析方法对专利指标进行具体的分析,将等级划分问题按照总目标、准则层、方案层的顺序分解为了不同的层次结构,然后用求解判断矩阵特征向量的方法,求的每层次的每个元素对上一层次某元素的优先权重,最后再加权和的方法递阶归并对总目标的最终权重。即获得各指标的权重。
最后应用新的方法对美国电冰箱的专利进行了等级划分,与原有的等级分类方法所得得到的结果进行了对比,并预测了其技术成熟度。
Accurately predicting the current technology level of the product and the forward direction of the next generation products has great significance to improve the competitiveness of enterprises. In the long course of the study, theorists made a variety of technology forecasting methods, in which the most effective is the prediction method based on TRIZ theory by the former Soviet Union G.S.Althsuller professor. Altshuller use the number of the patents, the level of the patents, the defect of the patents as patent inspection mode, while he made the technology life cycle into four main stages known as: infancy, growth, maturity.
However, among the three indicators mentioned earlier, Altshuller introduce many standards to determine as: a) what kind of knowledge can form the invention; b) whether there is any conflict solved by the invention; c) the invention require repeated attempts. However, to extract the content from the patent, it is quite subjective for the standard a) and c). Second, a variety of online publications, magazine articles and books provide a variety of different interpretation for the five level classification provided by Altshuller, and which are very different from each other, but there is no clear explanation why there is different.
Based on the above considerations, we propose a new approach to make the patents of technical and non-technical areas to be five categories. Introduce new standards to distinguish between the levels of patents, which reduce the confusion of the classification of Altshuller’s. Avoid the use of very competent standard, such as: degree of innovation, the number of conflicts resolved, repeated attempts.
Finally, using the new model grade the American refrigerator patent, and predict its technical maturity.
然而在前面提到的三个指标当中,在判断专利等级的时候,Altshuller引入许多标准:(a)什么种类的知识才能够形成发明;(b)是否有任何冲突通过发明解决了;(c)需要反复尝试的次数。然而从专利中提取这些内容,对于标准(a)和(c)来说是相当主观的。其次,各种网络出版物,杂志文章和书籍提供了对于Altshuller的5级等级划分提供了不同的解释,彼此之间区别很大,但是也没有明确的解释不同为什么会存在。
基于以上考虑,本文提出了一种新的方法对技术和非技术领域的专利来进行五级分类。引进新的标准来区分专利的等级,以减少Altshuller的分级标准的混乱。避免了使用非常主观的标准,如:创新程度、已解决的冲突数量、反复尝试次数等。
通过分析专利技术,对应于新的方法提出了一种专利指标体系,可以更加快速、有效的划分专利等级。应用了层次分析方法对专利指标进行具体的分析,将等级划分问题按照总目标、准则层、方案层的顺序分解为了不同的层次结构,然后用求解判断矩阵特征向量的方法,求的每层次的每个元素对上一层次某元素的优先权重,最后再加权和的方法递阶归并对总目标的最终权重。即获得各指标的权重。
最后应用新的方法对美国电冰箱的专利进行了等级划分,与原有的等级分类方法所得得到的结果进行了对比,并预测了其技术成熟度。
Accurately predicting the current technology level of the product and the forward direction of the next generation products has great significance to improve the competitiveness of enterprises. In the long course of the study, theorists made a variety of technology forecasting methods, in which the most effective is the prediction method based on TRIZ theory by the former Soviet Union G.S.Althsuller professor. Altshuller use the number of the patents, the level of the patents, the defect of the patents as patent inspection mode, while he made the technology life cycle into four main stages known as: infancy, growth, maturity.
However, among the three indicators mentioned earlier, Altshuller introduce many standards to determine as: a) what kind of knowledge can form the invention; b) whether there is any conflict solved by the invention; c) the invention require repeated attempts. However, to extract the content from the patent, it is quite subjective for the standard a) and c). Second, a variety of online publications, magazine articles and books provide a variety of different interpretation for the five level classification provided by Altshuller, and which are very different from each other, but there is no clear explanation why there is different.
Based on the above considerations, we propose a new approach to make the patents of technical and non-technical areas to be five categories. Introduce new standards to distinguish between the levels of patents, which reduce the confusion of the classification of Altshuller’s. Avoid the use of very competent standard, such as: degree of innovation, the number of conflicts resolved, repeated attempts.
Finally, using the new model grade the American refrigerator patent, and predict its technical maturity.
引文
[1]杨云霞. TRIZ理论应用中的专利侵权风险分析.情报杂志,2008.28(8):32-37.
[2]王秀文,周九常.TRIZ原理在产品技术成熟度预测中的应用.科学进步与对策,2008,25(3):52-56.
[3]姚振浓.产品专利来自动分类方法研究与应用:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[4]杨艳华.工业设计创新及其提升我国专利质量的研究.江南大学学报,2009,8(2):99-102.
[5]马苏常,刘学斌.基于TRIZ的技术成熟度预测研究及应用.天津工程示范学院学报,2007,17(3):35-38.
[6]李飞.基于内容挖掘的专利信息分析的方法体系及应用研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学,2008.
[7]刘玉琴,汪风雪,雷孝平.基于文本挖掘技术的专利质量评价与实证研究.计算机工程与应用. 2007,43(33):114-116.
[8]刘玉琴,邵贝恩.用SOA和BPM组合架构实时企业[J].计算机应用研究,2007,(3)::256-259.
[9]王丽芳,蒋国瑞,黄梯云.基于支持向量机的技术成熟度预测.科技管理研究,2009,(4):364-367.
[10]冯青.基于专利分析的产品技术成熟度预测技术及其工具研究:[硕士学位论文].长沙:国防科技大学,2005.
[11]张换高.基于专利分析的产品技术成熟度预测技术及其软件开发:[硕士学位论文].天津:河北工业大学,2003.
[12]陈旭玲,楼佩煌.基于专利分析的技术预测与创新研究.机械科学与技术,2009,28(5):192-196.
[13]黎江.基于专利文献的技术机会分析方法研究:[硕士学位论文].北京市:中国科学院,2007.
[14]陈晓春.基于专利技术成本收益分析的企业专利战略选择研究:[研究生论文].长沙:国防科技大学.2005.
[15] P.-A. Verhaegen,J. D'hondt, J. Vertommen, S. Dewulf, et al. Interrelating Products through Properties via Patent Analysis.CIRP Design Conference,2009,5680(1):13-25.
[16] Yanhong Liang, Dequan Gan, Yingchun Guo, and Peng Zhang.Computer-Aided Analysis of Patents for Product Technology Maturity Forecasting.International Federation for Information Processing.2009, 1139-1150.
[17] Loh Han Tong, He Cong, Shen Lixiang.Automatic classi?ation of patent documents for TRIZ users.World Patent Information,28 (2006) 6–13.
[18] He Cong , Loh Han Tong.Grouping of TRIZ Inventive Principles to facilitate automatic patent classi?ation.Expert Systems with Applications.2008, 25(9):1706-1716.
[19] P.-A. Verhaegen, J. D’hondt, J. Vertommen, S. Dewulf, J.R. Du?u.Relating properties and functions from patents to TRIZ trends.CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology,2008:86-89.
[20] Gaetano Cascini, Davide Russo, Manuel Zini.Computer-Aided Patent Analysis:finding invention peculiarities.International Federation for Information Processing,2007: 29-38.
[21] Gaetano Cascini and Manuel Zini.Measuring patent similarity by comparing inventions functional trees.International Federation for Information Processing,.2008, 38(4): 3-14.
[22] Daniele Regazzoni and Roberto Nani.TRIZ-Based Patent Investigation by Evaluating Inventiveness.International Federation for Information Processing,2008: 307-314.
[23] Gaetano Cascini and Davide Russo.Computer-aided analysis of patents and search for TRIZ contradictions.Int.J. Product Development,2007.
[24] He Cong, Loh Han Tong.Pattern-oriented associative rule-based patent classi?ation.Expert Systems with Applications,2009:594-602.
[25]王立群.美国的技术成熟度等级.质量与可靠性,2009(2):526-530.
[26]郭晓燕,鲍晓萍,易旺民,孙刚.总装工艺成熟度模型的建立及应用.航天器环境工程.2009(6):96-100.
[27]孙璐.医药企业信息化成熟度综合评价及其应用研究:[研究生论文].昆明:昆明理工大学,2007.
[28]李秀娟.专利价值的评估影响因子.电子知识屋檐,2009,(8):54-57.
[29]李飞.基于内容挖掘的专利信息分析的方法体系及应用研究:[硕士论文].南京:南京理工大学,2008
[30]冯青.基于专利分析的产品技术成熟度预测技术及其工具研究:[硕士论文].长沙:国防科技大学,2005
[31]刘晨.专利信息获取与分析系统关键技术研究:[硕士论文].北京:北京工业大学,2009
[32]朱毅麟.开展航天技术成熟度研究.航天工业管理,2008,(7):95-98.
[33]翟东升,刘晨.专利信息获取分析系统设计与实现.情报分析与实现,2009(5):145-148.
[34]马苏常,刘学斌.基于TRIZ的技术成熟度预测研究及应用.天津工程师范学院学报,2007,(3):98-102.
[35]王克奇,唐和东,张曼玲.基于TRIZ的专利分析系统研究.情报科学,2009,(5):58-62.
[36]刘玉琴,汪雪峰,雷孝平.基于文本挖掘技术的专利质量评价与实证研究.2007,(10):36-40.
[37]迟少杰.预测技术发展趋势的新工具——专利分析.国际贸易促进委员会专利部.2005,(9):59-63.
[38]贾鸿翅,候亮,刘俞毅.面向TRIZ的理论知识本题建模与应用.现代制造工程,2009,(1):14-17.
[39]郭亚中,郑凯.TRIZ理论及应用介绍.科技创新导报,2010,(3):68-71.
[40]冷崇杰,项辉宇,闫晓玲.基于TRIZ理论的产品结构创新设计.制造业自动化,2010,(12):25-28.
[41]吕欣.基于TRIZ理论中39矛盾矩阵与40创新原则的产品创新设计研究.包装工程,2009,(7):16-19.
[42]曹国忠.基于TRIZ的效应研究及其软件实现:[硕士论文].天津:河北工业大学,2003.
[2]王秀文,周九常.TRIZ原理在产品技术成熟度预测中的应用.科学进步与对策,2008,25(3):52-56.
[3]姚振浓.产品专利来自动分类方法研究与应用:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[4]杨艳华.工业设计创新及其提升我国专利质量的研究.江南大学学报,2009,8(2):99-102.
[5]马苏常,刘学斌.基于TRIZ的技术成熟度预测研究及应用.天津工程示范学院学报,2007,17(3):35-38.
[6]李飞.基于内容挖掘的专利信息分析的方法体系及应用研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学,2008.
[7]刘玉琴,汪风雪,雷孝平.基于文本挖掘技术的专利质量评价与实证研究.计算机工程与应用. 2007,43(33):114-116.
[8]刘玉琴,邵贝恩.用SOA和BPM组合架构实时企业[J].计算机应用研究,2007,(3)::256-259.
[9]王丽芳,蒋国瑞,黄梯云.基于支持向量机的技术成熟度预测.科技管理研究,2009,(4):364-367.
[10]冯青.基于专利分析的产品技术成熟度预测技术及其工具研究:[硕士学位论文].长沙:国防科技大学,2005.
[11]张换高.基于专利分析的产品技术成熟度预测技术及其软件开发:[硕士学位论文].天津:河北工业大学,2003.
[12]陈旭玲,楼佩煌.基于专利分析的技术预测与创新研究.机械科学与技术,2009,28(5):192-196.
[13]黎江.基于专利文献的技术机会分析方法研究:[硕士学位论文].北京市:中国科学院,2007.
[14]陈晓春.基于专利技术成本收益分析的企业专利战略选择研究:[研究生论文].长沙:国防科技大学.2005.
[15] P.-A. Verhaegen,J. D'hondt, J. Vertommen, S. Dewulf, et al. Interrelating Products through Properties via Patent Analysis.CIRP Design Conference,2009,5680(1):13-25.
[16] Yanhong Liang, Dequan Gan, Yingchun Guo, and Peng Zhang.Computer-Aided Analysis of Patents for Product Technology Maturity Forecasting.International Federation for Information Processing.2009, 1139-1150.
[17] Loh Han Tong, He Cong, Shen Lixiang.Automatic classi?ation of patent documents for TRIZ users.World Patent Information,28 (2006) 6–13.
[18] He Cong , Loh Han Tong.Grouping of TRIZ Inventive Principles to facilitate automatic patent classi?ation.Expert Systems with Applications.2008, 25(9):1706-1716.
[19] P.-A. Verhaegen, J. D’hondt, J. Vertommen, S. Dewulf, J.R. Du?u.Relating properties and functions from patents to TRIZ trends.CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology,2008:86-89.
[20] Gaetano Cascini, Davide Russo, Manuel Zini.Computer-Aided Patent Analysis:finding invention peculiarities.International Federation for Information Processing,2007: 29-38.
[21] Gaetano Cascini and Manuel Zini.Measuring patent similarity by comparing inventions functional trees.International Federation for Information Processing,.2008, 38(4): 3-14.
[22] Daniele Regazzoni and Roberto Nani.TRIZ-Based Patent Investigation by Evaluating Inventiveness.International Federation for Information Processing,2008: 307-314.
[23] Gaetano Cascini and Davide Russo.Computer-aided analysis of patents and search for TRIZ contradictions.Int.J. Product Development,2007.
[24] He Cong, Loh Han Tong.Pattern-oriented associative rule-based patent classi?ation.Expert Systems with Applications,2009:594-602.
[25]王立群.美国的技术成熟度等级.质量与可靠性,2009(2):526-530.
[26]郭晓燕,鲍晓萍,易旺民,孙刚.总装工艺成熟度模型的建立及应用.航天器环境工程.2009(6):96-100.
[27]孙璐.医药企业信息化成熟度综合评价及其应用研究:[研究生论文].昆明:昆明理工大学,2007.
[28]李秀娟.专利价值的评估影响因子.电子知识屋檐,2009,(8):54-57.
[29]李飞.基于内容挖掘的专利信息分析的方法体系及应用研究:[硕士论文].南京:南京理工大学,2008
[30]冯青.基于专利分析的产品技术成熟度预测技术及其工具研究:[硕士论文].长沙:国防科技大学,2005
[31]刘晨.专利信息获取与分析系统关键技术研究:[硕士论文].北京:北京工业大学,2009
[32]朱毅麟.开展航天技术成熟度研究.航天工业管理,2008,(7):95-98.
[33]翟东升,刘晨.专利信息获取分析系统设计与实现.情报分析与实现,2009(5):145-148.
[34]马苏常,刘学斌.基于TRIZ的技术成熟度预测研究及应用.天津工程师范学院学报,2007,(3):98-102.
[35]王克奇,唐和东,张曼玲.基于TRIZ的专利分析系统研究.情报科学,2009,(5):58-62.
[36]刘玉琴,汪雪峰,雷孝平.基于文本挖掘技术的专利质量评价与实证研究.2007,(10):36-40.
[37]迟少杰.预测技术发展趋势的新工具——专利分析.国际贸易促进委员会专利部.2005,(9):59-63.
[38]贾鸿翅,候亮,刘俞毅.面向TRIZ的理论知识本题建模与应用.现代制造工程,2009,(1):14-17.
[39]郭亚中,郑凯.TRIZ理论及应用介绍.科技创新导报,2010,(3):68-71.
[40]冷崇杰,项辉宇,闫晓玲.基于TRIZ理论的产品结构创新设计.制造业自动化,2010,(12):25-28.
[41]吕欣.基于TRIZ理论中39矛盾矩阵与40创新原则的产品创新设计研究.包装工程,2009,(7):16-19.
[42]曹国忠.基于TRIZ的效应研究及其软件实现:[硕士论文].天津:河北工业大学,2003.