基于刚柔耦合多连杆悬架运动学分析及优化
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摘要
多连杆悬架是目前最为先进的独立悬架,其多连杆的布置形式给设计人员提供了很高的设计自由度,通过巧妙地设计各连杆的位置和橡胶衬套的刚度等,能最大程度的发挥车辆的操纵性能,同时获得良好的平顺性。目前多连杆悬架在中高档轿车中应用越来越普遍,且悬架运动学和弹性运动学特性是影响车辆操纵稳定性的关键,所以研究多连杆悬架的K&C(运动学和弹性运动学)特性具有重要意义。
随着汽车设计向轻量化方向发展,悬架构件的柔性变形对运动学和弹性运动学的影响不应该被忽略,将悬架构件作为刚体处理已不能满足精度要求,研究悬架构件柔性变形对悬架运动学特性的影响是十分必要的。
首先,本文以柔性多体系统动力学理论为基础,结合企业提供的后悬架三维模型和相关参数,应用ADAMS/Car软件建立了四连杆和双连杆刚柔耦合悬架模型,进行悬架运动学和弹性运动学仿真研究,并与相应刚体模型仿真结果进行对比,分析悬架构件柔性变形对悬架性能的影响。
其次,本文将四连杆刚柔耦合悬架模型仿真结果与双连杆刚柔耦合悬架模型仿真结果进行对比,分析了后悬架的运动学和弹性运动学特性对整车性能的影响,总结出四连杆悬架的优势以及其自身存在的不足。
最后,本文基于ADAMS/Insight软件,对四连杆悬架进行试验优化设计,找出对悬架性能影响较大的试验因子,并以试验设计结果为基础,对四连杆悬架导向机构进行优化设计,对优化前后的四连杆悬架进行仿真对比分析,验证优化的效果。
Multi-link suspension is currently most advanced independent suspension. The arrangement of multi-link provides designer high design freedom. The greatest degree of vehicle handling performance and good ride performance can be accessed by skillfully designing the position of link and the stiffness of rubber bushing of multi-link suspension. Now, the multi-link suspension has been applied in the intermediate car more and more widely, and the kinematic and compliance characteristics are the key of handling performance, so it is significant to study the kinematic and compliance characteristics of multi-link suspension.
As the development of vehicle design toward lightweight, the flexible deformation of suspension components impact on the kinematics and compliance of suspension should not be ignored. If suspension components were treated as rigid body, the accuracy requirements will not be received. It is necessary to study the flexible deformation of components impact on suspension K&C characteristics.
Firstly, based on the theory of Flexible multi-body system dynamics and the three-dimensional model and related parameters provided by enterprises, the four-link and double-link rigid-flexible coupling suspension model has been built with the ADAMS/Car software in this paper. The kinematics and compliance simulation of suspension has been carried on. In order to analysis the effects of deformation of suspension components on the performance of suspension, the simulation results of rigid-flexible model has been compared to the rigid simulation results.
Secondly, the comparison of the simulation results of four-link rigid-flexible and double-link rigid-flexible has been carried on. The analysis of suspension K&C characteristics on vehicle performance has been carried on. The advantages and shortcomings of four-link suspension has been summarized.
Lastly, the design of experiments of four-link suspension has been conducted based on the ADAMS/Insight software, the major factors which have significant effects on the suspension performance has been found out. The optimization of four-link suspension components has been conducted based on the design of experiments. Comparative analysis of optimized four-link suspension and four-link suspension has been carried. With the small change of structure, the performance of optimized four-link suspension has been improved.
随着汽车设计向轻量化方向发展,悬架构件的柔性变形对运动学和弹性运动学的影响不应该被忽略,将悬架构件作为刚体处理已不能满足精度要求,研究悬架构件柔性变形对悬架运动学特性的影响是十分必要的。
首先,本文以柔性多体系统动力学理论为基础,结合企业提供的后悬架三维模型和相关参数,应用ADAMS/Car软件建立了四连杆和双连杆刚柔耦合悬架模型,进行悬架运动学和弹性运动学仿真研究,并与相应刚体模型仿真结果进行对比,分析悬架构件柔性变形对悬架性能的影响。
其次,本文将四连杆刚柔耦合悬架模型仿真结果与双连杆刚柔耦合悬架模型仿真结果进行对比,分析了后悬架的运动学和弹性运动学特性对整车性能的影响,总结出四连杆悬架的优势以及其自身存在的不足。
最后,本文基于ADAMS/Insight软件,对四连杆悬架进行试验优化设计,找出对悬架性能影响较大的试验因子,并以试验设计结果为基础,对四连杆悬架导向机构进行优化设计,对优化前后的四连杆悬架进行仿真对比分析,验证优化的效果。
Multi-link suspension is currently most advanced independent suspension. The arrangement of multi-link provides designer high design freedom. The greatest degree of vehicle handling performance and good ride performance can be accessed by skillfully designing the position of link and the stiffness of rubber bushing of multi-link suspension. Now, the multi-link suspension has been applied in the intermediate car more and more widely, and the kinematic and compliance characteristics are the key of handling performance, so it is significant to study the kinematic and compliance characteristics of multi-link suspension.
As the development of vehicle design toward lightweight, the flexible deformation of suspension components impact on the kinematics and compliance of suspension should not be ignored. If suspension components were treated as rigid body, the accuracy requirements will not be received. It is necessary to study the flexible deformation of components impact on suspension K&C characteristics.
Firstly, based on the theory of Flexible multi-body system dynamics and the three-dimensional model and related parameters provided by enterprises, the four-link and double-link rigid-flexible coupling suspension model has been built with the ADAMS/Car software in this paper. The kinematics and compliance simulation of suspension has been carried on. In order to analysis the effects of deformation of suspension components on the performance of suspension, the simulation results of rigid-flexible model has been compared to the rigid simulation results.
Secondly, the comparison of the simulation results of four-link rigid-flexible and double-link rigid-flexible has been carried on. The analysis of suspension K&C characteristics on vehicle performance has been carried on. The advantages and shortcomings of four-link suspension has been summarized.
Lastly, the design of experiments of four-link suspension has been conducted based on the ADAMS/Insight software, the major factors which have significant effects on the suspension performance has been found out. The optimization of four-link suspension components has been conducted based on the design of experiments. Comparative analysis of optimized four-link suspension and four-link suspension has been carried. With the small change of structure, the performance of optimized four-link suspension has been improved.
引文
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[4] Hansen H.H.. Kinematic Analysis Method--Determining Velocity and Acceleration[J]. SAE Paper: 650437
[5] Cooper D.W.. Kinematic Analysis Method--Force and Torque[J]. SAE Paper: 650438
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[28]廖芳,王承,高世杰,等.概念设计阶段扭转梁式后悬架建模方法研究[J].汽车技术, 2007(11): 15-18
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[31]郭孔辉,王爽,丁海涛,等.后悬架非对称式橡胶衬套弹性耦合特性[J].吉林大学学报(工学版). 2007, 37(6): 1225-1228
[32] Blundell M.V.. The Influence of Rubber Bush Compliance on Vehicle Suspension Movement[J]. Materials and Design, 1998, 19: 29-37
[33]雷雨成,李峰.橡胶衬套刚度对悬架系统影响的研究[J].上海汽车, 2004(11): 30-31转34
[34]杨树凯,宋传学,安晓娟,等.用虚拟样机方法分析橡胶衬套弹性对整车转向特性的影响[J].吉林大学学报(工学版). 2007, 37(5): 994-999
[35]高晋,宋传学.橡胶衬套刚度对悬架特性的影响[J].吉林大学学报(工学版), 2010, 40(2): 324-329
[36] Tsukuda Yasuhiko, Tsubota Yasumasa, Tonomura Hiroshi, et al. Development of a New Multi-Link Rear Suspension[J]. SAE Paper: 881774
[37] Murakami Takuya, Uno Takaaki, Iwasaki Hitoshi, et al. Development of a New Multi-Link Front Suspension[J]. SAE Paper: 890179
[38] Kato Yoichiro, Tateishi Yoshiro, Ogawa Naoto. Development of a Multi-Link Beam Rear Suspension for Front- Wheel-Drive Cars[J]. SAE Paper: 950585
[39] Ko Young-Eun, Park Young Wook, Cho Young Gun, et al. The Suspension of the Newly Developed Hyundai ELANTRA[J]. SAE Paper: 2006-01-1534
[40] Kim Seon Pyung, Lee Jae Kil. Oh Young Ho, et al. The Development of Multi-link Suspension for Hyundai Genesis[J]. SAE Paper: 2009-01-0224
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[2] Frayne D.N.. Kinematic Analysis Method--A Programmed System[J]. SAE Paper: 650435
[3] Bitonti F.E.. Kinematic Analysis Method--Position Calculation[J]. SAE Paper: 650436
[4] Hansen H.H.. Kinematic Analysis Method--Determining Velocity and Acceleration[J]. SAE Paper: 650437
[5] Cooper D.W.. Kinematic Analysis Method--Force and Torque[J]. SAE Paper: 650438
[6] Bitonti F.E.. Kinematic Analysis Method--Application of Vector Approach to Mechanisms[J]. SAE Paper: 650439
[7]耶尔森·赖姆帕尔著.汽车底盘基础[M].张洪欣,余卓平译.北京:科学普及出版社, 1992: 125-235
[8]阿达姆·措莫托著.汽车行驶性能[M].黄锡明,解春阳译.北京:科学普及出版社, 1992: 86-137
[9]安部正人著.汽车的运动与操纵[M].陈辛波译,余卓平审校.北京:机械工业出版社, 1998: 99-159
[10] Yamanaka Takashi, Hoshino Hiroaki, Motoyama Keiichi. Design Optimization Technique for Suspension Mechanism of Automobile[J]. SAE Paper: 2000-05-0215
[11] Eskandari Abolfazl, Mirzadeh Omid, Azadi Shahram. Optimization of McPherson Suspension System of a Typical Passenger Car Based on its Kinematic & Elastokinematic Properties Using D.o.E Method[J]. SAE Paper: 2006-01-1953
[12] Hamedi Behzad, Webb Jonathan. The New Twist Beam Axle Design for a Passenger Vehicle[J]. SAE: 2007-01-0863
[13] Hwang J. S., Kim S. R., Han S. Y.. Kinematic Design of a Double Wishbone Type Front Suspension Mechanism Using Multi-objective Optimization[C]. 5th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, Australia: Brisbane, 2007
[14] Best Tony, Neads Steve.J., Whitehead John.P, et al. Design and Operation of a New Vehicle Suspension Kinematics and Compliance Facility[J]. SAE Paper: 970096
[15] Morse Phillip.R.. Using K&C Measurements for Practical Suspension Tuning and Development. SAE Paper: 2004-01-3547
[16]毛明,张相麟,程瑞延.汽车双横臂式独立悬架的运动分析[J].汽车工程, 1989, 3: 38-45
[17]张洪欣,陈欣.滑柱摆臂式悬架的矢量分析方法[J].汽车技术, 1989, 3: 17-22
[18]林逸,张洪欣,李润,等.多刚体系统动力学在汽车独立悬架运动分析中的应用[J].汽车工程, 1990(1): 34-39
[19]张越今,陈奎元,林逸.多刚体系统动力学在汽车转向和悬架运动学分析中的应用[J].汽车工程, 1995, 17(5): 263-273
[20]上官文斌,唐永革,朱宝娟.多刚体系统动力学在汽车悬架运动学分析中的应用[J].沈阳航空工业学院学报, 1996, 13(4): 42-47
[21]胡宁,郑冬黎.双横臂式独立悬架运动学分析[J].汽车工程, 1998, 20(6): 362-366
[22]刘臣亚,刘淑艳,尹文杰.麦式独立悬架运动学分析与优化[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 31(9): 94-98
[23]夏长高,邵跃华,丁华.麦弗逊悬架运动学分析与结构参数优化[J].农业机械学报, 2005, 36(12): 25-28
[24]高立新,周慧会,胡延平.基于空间解析几何的汽车麦式悬架运动学分析[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 32(12): 1656-1659
[25]陈欣,林逸,王望予,等.弹性元件对奥迪轿车前悬架力学特性及顺从性的影响[J].汽车工程, 1995, 17(3): 157-163转168
[26]陈欣,林逸,王焕明,等.弹性元件对悬架性能的影响[J].汽车技术, 1996, 5: 11-13转45
[27]杨柳青,汪文龙,李明红,等.基于ADAMS的悬架多柔体动力学仿真[J].拖拉机与农用运输车, 2006, 33(2): 47-49
[28]廖芳,王承,高世杰,等.概念设计阶段扭转梁式后悬架建模方法研究[J].汽车技术, 2007(11): 15-18
[29]石柏军,朱新涛. ADAMS/CAR环境下的麦弗逊悬架建模与优化[J].现代制造工程, 2008(8): 55-58
[30]何通俊,纪玉国.基于刚柔耦合多柔体动力学的悬架系统分析及优化[J].拖拉机与农用运输车, 2009, 36(3): 45-47
[31]郭孔辉,王爽,丁海涛,等.后悬架非对称式橡胶衬套弹性耦合特性[J].吉林大学学报(工学版). 2007, 37(6): 1225-1228
[32] Blundell M.V.. The Influence of Rubber Bush Compliance on Vehicle Suspension Movement[J]. Materials and Design, 1998, 19: 29-37
[33]雷雨成,李峰.橡胶衬套刚度对悬架系统影响的研究[J].上海汽车, 2004(11): 30-31转34
[34]杨树凯,宋传学,安晓娟,等.用虚拟样机方法分析橡胶衬套弹性对整车转向特性的影响[J].吉林大学学报(工学版). 2007, 37(5): 994-999
[35]高晋,宋传学.橡胶衬套刚度对悬架特性的影响[J].吉林大学学报(工学版), 2010, 40(2): 324-329
[36] Tsukuda Yasuhiko, Tsubota Yasumasa, Tonomura Hiroshi, et al. Development of a New Multi-Link Rear Suspension[J]. SAE Paper: 881774
[37] Murakami Takuya, Uno Takaaki, Iwasaki Hitoshi, et al. Development of a New Multi-Link Front Suspension[J]. SAE Paper: 890179
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