翻译理论与唐诗英译研究
摘要
唐诗是中国传统文化宝库中的精品，是中国古典诗歌的巅峰。唐诗英译，在文化全球化的今天，对于中国传统文化的传播和全球文化交流是十分重要的。
翻译研究发展到今天，已经从语言学的层面转向文化的层面，翻译者应借助语言学的方法转向对所译作品文化内涵及作品所处的文化背境的研究和翻译，即翻译要达到语言与文化的统一。
多年来，对包括唐诗在内的中国古典诗歌的英译工作有了很大的发展。中外许多翻译家对此提出了许多理论、原则和技巧，并做了大量的翻译工作，出版了许多翻译成果，如Arthur Waley的Jade Mountain,Soame Jenyns的Selections from the 300poems of Tang Dynasty;许渊冲的150 Tang Poems,Selected Poems of Li Bai和300 Tang Poems—A New Translation和翁显良的An English Translation of Chinese Ancient Poems.
本文首先介绍了国内外一些知名学者与翻译家的理论，如Susan Bussnett的“Transplanting Seed”；James Holmes的翻译策略——mimetic form，anological form organic form或content-derivation和deviant或extraneous form；Ezra Pound所认为的三种难译的诗歌——melopoeia,phanopoeia和logopoeia；成仿吾的“表现翻译法”和“构成翻译法”；闻一多的“气势的翻译、音节的仿佛、保持原作的字数字序”以及许渊冲的“意美、音美、形美”等。并由此得出唐诗英译要通过对遣词、用韵、意境以及思想的翻译达到语言与文化的统一的结论。最后以盛唐山水田园诗人孟浩然的《春晓》的四个译本为例，对上述结论加以说明。
Tang Poetry is a precious gem of Chinese culture. It is the zenith of classical Chinese poetry. Translating Tang Poetry into English, in the era of cultural globalization, is crucial to the wide spreading of Chinese culture and to the interaction and communication of all the cultures in the whole world.
Translation study up to now has developed from the level of linguistics to that of culture, it has taken "the cultural turn". Translators should make use of the methods of linguistics and go beyond them to the connotative and denotative meaning of the translated works and to the cultural environment to which the works belong, that is to say, translation should achieve the unity of language and culture.
Actually, this has been done through the efforts of both Chinese and foreign translators and scholars for a century or so, among whom Herbert A. Giles, Arthur Waley, Ezra Pound, Xu Yuanzhong, Weng Xianliang and some others are prominent figures. Many collections of English versions of Chinese poems, including Tang poetry, have been published at home and abroad, such as Jade Mountain translated by Arthur Waley; Selections from the 300 Poems of the Tang Dynasty by Soame Jenyns; 150 Tang Poems, Selected Poems of Li Bai and 300 Tang Poems-A New Translation by Xu Yuanzhong; and An English Translation of Chinese Ancient Poems by Weng Xianliang, etc.
This thesis introduces some translation theories, principles and methods of several well-known scholars and experts, domestic and abroad, namely, "Transplanting Seed" of Susan Bassnett; the three strategies mimetic form, anological form organic form or content-derivation and deviant or extraneous form of James Holmes; the three kinds of poems which are less translatable - melopoeia, phanopoeia and logopoeia of Ezra Pound; "the Expressive Method and Compositive Method" of Cheng Fangwu; "to keep the manner, rhyme schemes and number and order of words" of Wen Yiduo and the three principles of "preserving the original beauty in sense, in sound and in form" of Xu Yuanzhong. The author, based on them, draws the conclusion that in translating Tang poetry into English, the translator should, by rendering, reproducing and re-presenting the words and phrases, rhyme scheme, ideorealm and ideology, achieve the unity of language and culture. The High Tang pastoral poet Meng Haoran's The Spring Morning and its four Englis
h versions are studied us a case of point.
翻译研究发展到今天，已经从语言学的层面转向文化的层面，翻译者应借助语言学的方法转向对所译作品文化内涵及作品所处的文化背境的研究和翻译，即翻译要达到语言与文化的统一。
多年来，对包括唐诗在内的中国古典诗歌的英译工作有了很大的发展。中外许多翻译家对此提出了许多理论、原则和技巧，并做了大量的翻译工作，出版了许多翻译成果，如Arthur Waley的Jade Mountain,Soame Jenyns的Selections from the 300poems of Tang Dynasty;许渊冲的150 Tang Poems,Selected Poems of Li Bai和300 Tang Poems—A New Translation和翁显良的An English Translation of Chinese Ancient Poems.
本文首先介绍了国内外一些知名学者与翻译家的理论，如Susan Bussnett的“Transplanting Seed”；James Holmes的翻译策略——mimetic form，anological form organic form或content-derivation和deviant或extraneous form；Ezra Pound所认为的三种难译的诗歌——melopoeia,phanopoeia和logopoeia；成仿吾的“表现翻译法”和“构成翻译法”；闻一多的“气势的翻译、音节的仿佛、保持原作的字数字序”以及许渊冲的“意美、音美、形美”等。并由此得出唐诗英译要通过对遣词、用韵、意境以及思想的翻译达到语言与文化的统一的结论。最后以盛唐山水田园诗人孟浩然的《春晓》的四个译本为例，对上述结论加以说明。
Tang Poetry is a precious gem of Chinese culture. It is the zenith of classical Chinese poetry. Translating Tang Poetry into English, in the era of cultural globalization, is crucial to the wide spreading of Chinese culture and to the interaction and communication of all the cultures in the whole world.
Translation study up to now has developed from the level of linguistics to that of culture, it has taken "the cultural turn". Translators should make use of the methods of linguistics and go beyond them to the connotative and denotative meaning of the translated works and to the cultural environment to which the works belong, that is to say, translation should achieve the unity of language and culture.
Actually, this has been done through the efforts of both Chinese and foreign translators and scholars for a century or so, among whom Herbert A. Giles, Arthur Waley, Ezra Pound, Xu Yuanzhong, Weng Xianliang and some others are prominent figures. Many collections of English versions of Chinese poems, including Tang poetry, have been published at home and abroad, such as Jade Mountain translated by Arthur Waley; Selections from the 300 Poems of the Tang Dynasty by Soame Jenyns; 150 Tang Poems, Selected Poems of Li Bai and 300 Tang Poems-A New Translation by Xu Yuanzhong; and An English Translation of Chinese Ancient Poems by Weng Xianliang, etc.
This thesis introduces some translation theories, principles and methods of several well-known scholars and experts, domestic and abroad, namely, "Transplanting Seed" of Susan Bassnett; the three strategies mimetic form, anological form organic form or content-derivation and deviant or extraneous form of James Holmes; the three kinds of poems which are less translatable - melopoeia, phanopoeia and logopoeia of Ezra Pound; "the Expressive Method and Compositive Method" of Cheng Fangwu; "to keep the manner, rhyme schemes and number and order of words" of Wen Yiduo and the three principles of "preserving the original beauty in sense, in sound and in form" of Xu Yuanzhong. The author, based on them, draws the conclusion that in translating Tang poetry into English, the translator should, by rendering, reproducing and re-presenting the words and phrases, rhyme scheme, ideorealm and ideology, achieve the unity of language and culture. The High Tang pastoral poet Meng Haoran's The Spring Morning and its four Englis
h versions are studied us a case of point.
引文
Bassnett, Susan & Lefevere, André. Constructing Cultures—Essays on Literary Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Hatim, Basil & Mason, Ian. Discourse and the Translator. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Hatim, Basil. Communication across Cultures—Translation Theory and Contrastive Text linguistics. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Hickey, Leo, (ed.). The Pragmatics of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Nida, Eugene A.. Language, Culture and Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
Nida, Eugene A.. Language and Culture Contents in Translating. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Nord, Christiane. Translating as a Purposeful Activity—Functionalist Approaches Explained. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Snell-Hornby, Mary. Translation Studies—An Integrated Approach. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Stelner, George. After Babel—Aspects of Language and Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Toury, Gideon. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Widdowson, H. G.. Practical Stylistics. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1999
Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Traslation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Cay Dollemp，王宁主编，《视角：翻译学研究》(第一卷)．北京：清华大学出版社，
2003
陈福康，《中国译学理论史稿》。上海：上海外语教育出版社，2000
陈文忠，《中国古典诗歌接受史研究》。合肥：安徽大学出版社，1998
陈炎，李红春，《儒释道背景下的唐代诗歌》。北京：昆仑出版社，2003
崔永禄，《文学翻译佳作对比赏析》。天津：南开大学出版社，2001
杜承南，文军主编，《中国当代翻译百论》。重庆：重庆大学出版社，1994
冯国华，吴群，《英译汉别载》。北京：外文出版社，2001
冯庆华，《实用翻译教程》。上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997
古远清，孙光萱，《诗歌修辞学》。武汉：湖北教育出版社，1995
顾正阳，《古诗词曲英译论稿》。上海：百家出版社，2003
黄龙，《翻译学》。南京：江苏教育出版社，1988
金堤，尤金·奈达，《论翻译》。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1984
居祖纯，《汉英语篇翻译》。北京：清华大学出版社，1998
李运兴，《英汉语篇翻译》。北京：清华大学出版社，1998
廖七一，《当代西方翻译理论探索》。南京：译林出版社，2000
刘宓庆，《文体与翻译》。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1986
刘军平，《新译唐诗英韵百首》。北京：中华书局，2002
刘克庄选编，李牧华注解，《千家诗》。兰州：甘肃人民出版社，1989
刘重德，《文学翻译十讲》。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1991
陆志韦，《中国诗五讲》。北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1982
罗选民，《中华翻译文摘》。北京：清华大学出版社，2002
马红军，《翻译批评散论》。北京：中国对外翻译出版社，1998
申雨平，《西方翻译理论精选》。北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002
思果，《翻译新究》。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2001
孙大雨，《古诗文英译集》。上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997
孙育华，《唐诗鉴赏辞典》。北京：北京燕山出版社，1996
王宝童，《金域行一英诗教程》。开封：河南大学出版社，1993
王宏印，《古诗文英译选析》。石家庄：河北教育出版社，1998
翁显良，《古诗英译》。北京：北京出版社，1985
萧华荣，《中国诗学思想史》。上海：华东师范大学出版社，1996
许渊冲，《翻译的艺术》。北京：中国对外翻译出版社公司，1984
许渊冲，《唐宋词一百首》。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，商务印书馆(香港)有限公司。1991
许渊冲，《中诗英韵探胜——从<诗经>?西厢记>贰１本罕本┐笱С霭嫔纾?992
喻守真，《唐诗三百首详析》。北京：中华书局，1985
张中载，《西方古典文论选读》。北京：外语教育与研究出版社，2000
《诗词翻译的艺术》，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1987
《中国翻译》，北京：《中国翻译》编辑部，1987．6
《中国翻译》，北京：《中国翻译》编辑部，1994．2
《中国翻译》，北京：《中国翻译》编辑部，2002．4
《中国翻译》，北京：《中国翻译》编辑部，2002．5
《中国翻译》，北京：《中国翻译》编辑部，2003．5
《中国翻译》，北京：《中国翻译》编辑部，2003．6
仲伟合，《西方翻译理论》。广州：广州外语音像出版社，2001
朱光潜，《诗论》。合肥：安徽教育出版社，1997
庄严、章铸，《中国诗歌美学史》。长春：吉林大学出版社，1994
卓振英，《汉诗英译论要》。北京：中国科学文化出版社，2003
Hatim, Basil & Mason, Ian. Discourse and the Translator. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Hatim, Basil. Communication across Cultures—Translation Theory and Contrastive Text linguistics. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Hickey, Leo, (ed.). The Pragmatics of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Nida, Eugene A.. Language, Culture and Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
Nida, Eugene A.. Language and Culture Contents in Translating. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Nord, Christiane. Translating as a Purposeful Activity—Functionalist Approaches Explained. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Snell-Hornby, Mary. Translation Studies—An Integrated Approach. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Stelner, George. After Babel—Aspects of Language and Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Toury, Gideon. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Widdowson, H. G.. Practical Stylistics. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1999
Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Traslation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
Cay Dollemp，王宁主编，《视角：翻译学研究》(第一卷)．北京：清华大学出版社，
2003
陈福康，《中国译学理论史稿》。上海：上海外语教育出版社，2000
陈文忠，《中国古典诗歌接受史研究》。合肥：安徽大学出版社，1998
陈炎，李红春，《儒释道背景下的唐代诗歌》。北京：昆仑出版社，2003
崔永禄，《文学翻译佳作对比赏析》。天津：南开大学出版社，2001
杜承南，文军主编，《中国当代翻译百论》。重庆：重庆大学出版社，1994
冯国华，吴群，《英译汉别载》。北京：外文出版社，2001
冯庆华，《实用翻译教程》。上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997
古远清，孙光萱，《诗歌修辞学》。武汉：湖北教育出版社，1995
顾正阳，《古诗词曲英译论稿》。上海：百家出版社，2003
黄龙，《翻译学》。南京：江苏教育出版社，1988
金堤，尤金·奈达，《论翻译》。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1984
居祖纯，《汉英语篇翻译》。北京：清华大学出版社，1998
李运兴，《英汉语篇翻译》。北京：清华大学出版社，1998
廖七一，《当代西方翻译理论探索》。南京：译林出版社，2000
刘宓庆，《文体与翻译》。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1986
刘军平，《新译唐诗英韵百首》。北京：中华书局，2002
刘克庄选编，李牧华注解，《千家诗》。兰州：甘肃人民出版社，1989
刘重德，《文学翻译十讲》。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1991
陆志韦，《中国诗五讲》。北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1982
罗选民，《中华翻译文摘》。北京：清华大学出版社，2002
马红军，《翻译批评散论》。北京：中国对外翻译出版社，1998
申雨平，《西方翻译理论精选》。北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002
思果，《翻译新究》。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2001
孙大雨，《古诗文英译集》。上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997
孙育华，《唐诗鉴赏辞典》。北京：北京燕山出版社，1996
王宝童，《金域行一英诗教程》。开封：河南大学出版社，1993
王宏印，《古诗文英译选析》。石家庄：河北教育出版社，1998
翁显良，《古诗英译》。北京：北京出版社，1985
萧华荣，《中国诗学思想史》。上海：华东师范大学出版社，1996
许渊冲，《翻译的艺术》。北京：中国对外翻译出版社公司，1984
许渊冲，《唐宋词一百首》。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，商务印书馆(香港)有限公司。1991
许渊冲，《中诗英韵探胜——从<诗经>?西厢记>贰１本罕本┐笱С霭嫔纾?992
喻守真，《唐诗三百首详析》。北京：中华书局，1985
张中载，《西方古典文论选读》。北京：外语教育与研究出版社，2000
《诗词翻译的艺术》，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1987
《中国翻译》，北京：《中国翻译》编辑部，1987．6
《中国翻译》，北京：《中国翻译》编辑部，1994．2
《中国翻译》，北京：《中国翻译》编辑部，2002．4
《中国翻译》，北京：《中国翻译》编辑部，2002．5
《中国翻译》，北京：《中国翻译》编辑部，2003．5
《中国翻译》，北京：《中国翻译》编辑部，2003．6
仲伟合，《西方翻译理论》。广州：广州外语音像出版社，2001
朱光潜，《诗论》。合肥：安徽教育出版社，1997
庄严、章铸，《中国诗歌美学史》。长春：吉林大学出版社，1994
卓振英，《汉诗英译论要》。北京：中国科学文化出版社，2003