北武夷蔡家坪铅锌矿床地质地球化学特征及矿床成因
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摘要
北武夷蔡家坪矿床是近年来新发现的一个中型铅锌矿床。矿床赋矿围岩为侏罗系水北组、漳平组砂岩,铅锌矿体多产于断裂旁侧破碎带及流纹斑岩与砂岩接触带。结合野外调查、镜下观察及电子探针分析,初步将矿区成矿过程划分为沉积成矿期、岩浆热液期与表生期,岩浆热液期包括中高温黄铁矿—闪锌矿阶段、中低温石英—硫化物阶段及碳酸盐阶段。中高温黄铁矿—闪锌矿阶段以中粗粒半自形—自形黄铁矿与富铁闪锌矿组合为特征,具绿帘石化蚀变,反映了较高的形成温度;中低温石英—硫化物阶段属主成矿阶段,主要矿石矿物组合为黄铁矿+闪锌矿+黄铜矿+方铅矿,蚀变类型主要为硅化、绿泥石化及绢云母化。
硫化物微量元素分析显示岩浆热液作用主导矿区成矿。硫同位素分析表明矿区的硫主要是岩浆来源,有深源岩浆的参与。铅同位素分析显示成矿物质同时来源于流纹斑岩与赋矿砂岩,且成矿金属元素具有壳幔混源特征。
岩石地球化学分析表明,赋矿砂岩物源区构造背景为大陆边缘,成岩物质来源可能与武夷变质基底有关;流纹斑岩属高钾钙碱性S型花岗岩,形成于早白垩世伸展构造背景,源于武夷变质基底的重熔。
据绿泥石温度计、Cd元素地质温度计、硫同位素温度计计算的成矿温度在292.3℃~ 490.6℃,成矿温度属中高温范畴,与微量元素分析结果一致。
F4破矿断裂带内长英质脉体钾长石40Ar /39Ar年龄暗示成矿时代早于120±4 Ma。结合前人研究成果推测蔡家坪铅锌矿床成矿时代为138~120 Ma,与华南地区伸展成矿阶段对应。
综合分析结果,认为蔡家坪铅锌矿床形成于早白垩世华南伸展成矿阶段,属中温岩浆热液型矿床,岩浆热液作用主导成矿。结合野外调查结果、前人研究成果及同位素示踪分析,认为赋矿砂岩层系矿源层,存在层控作用;武夷变质基底对矿区成岩成矿贡献巨大。
The Caijiaping lead-zinc deposit, located in north Wuyi area, Jiangxi Province, is a newfound medium-sized deposit. Sandstones of the Jurassic Shuibei Formation(J1s) and Zhangping Formation(J2z) are the wall rocks of orebodies. The lead-zinc orebodies usually occur in the crush belts beside the fractures, and often exist in boundary surfaces of rhyolite porphyries and sandstones. On the basis of field work, by means of observation of microscope and analysis of electron probe, this paper researches main sulfide minerals of the deposit at great length. Ore-forming process is preliminarily divided into sedimentary mineralization period, magmatic hydrothermal period and hypergene period. Magmatic hydrothermal period consists of medium-high temperature pyrite-sphalerite stage, medium-low temperature quartz-polymetallic sulfide stage and carbonate stage. Medium-high temperature pyrite-sphalerite stage is characterized by medium and large-grained hypautomorphic-automorphic pyrite+ christophite, which can reflect higher formation temperature. The alteration of this stage is epidotization. Medium-low temperature quartz-polymetallic sulfide stage, which is major metallogenetic stage, has a major ore mineral association consisting of pyrite+sphalerite+chalcopyrite+galena. The major alteration of this stage is silification, chloritization and sericitization. The data of electron probe indicates that following the mineralization, sulfur was more and more deficient.
According to the trace element geochemistry of galena and sphalerite, mineralization mainly resulted from magmatic hydrothermal process superimposed on layer-controlling action and sedimentation- metamorphism, what indicates that the mineralization of this deposit is polygenous. The bedding and incision orebodies we found in the field imply that the origin and the type of the lead-zinc orebodies are not single. Sulfur isotopic analysis indicates that the sulfur of the Caijiaping deposit is mainly magmatic sulfur in origin, possibly mixed with mantle-derived magma, and the sulfur isotope was approximately on balance when metallogenic materials were precipitated. Lead isotopic analysis reveals that ore-forming materials are derived from rhyolite porphyries and sandstones, and the metallogenic elements are crust-mantle mixed type.
Geochemical analysis indicates that the tectonic setting of provenance of sandstones is continental margin, and diagenetic provenance is related with Wuyi metamorphosed basement. Rhyolite porphyries are high potassium calc-alkaline S-type granite, which come from remelting of Wuyi metamorphosed basement.
The geologic thermometers of chlorite, cadmium and sulfur isotope show that the temperature of mineralization is 292.3℃~490.6℃, which is medium-high temperature and is consistent with the result of the trace element analysis.
Additionally, it is found that the fault F4 cuts orebodies in the field, and the potash feldspar selected from felsic vein within F4 yields a 40Ar /39Ar age of 120±4 Ma, implying the mineralization of the Caijiaping deposit should be occurred before 120±4 Ma. Combining with the former research results of predecessors, the authors speculate the age of mineralization was 138~120 Ma, corresponding with extensional mineralization stage of the South China area.
According to the researches above, the Caijiaping lead-zinc deposit, was formed in Lower Cretaceous during extensional mineralization stage of the South China area. It is a medium temperature hydrothermal deposit, which mainly resulted from magmatic hydrothermal process. According to the basis of field work, the former research results of predecessors and isotope analysis, we think the sandstones are source bed, and layer-controlling action also controlled the formation of the deposit. Wuyi metamorphosed basement contributed a great deal to the diagenetic and metallogenic process.
硫化物微量元素分析显示岩浆热液作用主导矿区成矿。硫同位素分析表明矿区的硫主要是岩浆来源,有深源岩浆的参与。铅同位素分析显示成矿物质同时来源于流纹斑岩与赋矿砂岩,且成矿金属元素具有壳幔混源特征。
岩石地球化学分析表明,赋矿砂岩物源区构造背景为大陆边缘,成岩物质来源可能与武夷变质基底有关;流纹斑岩属高钾钙碱性S型花岗岩,形成于早白垩世伸展构造背景,源于武夷变质基底的重熔。
据绿泥石温度计、Cd元素地质温度计、硫同位素温度计计算的成矿温度在292.3℃~ 490.6℃,成矿温度属中高温范畴,与微量元素分析结果一致。
F4破矿断裂带内长英质脉体钾长石40Ar /39Ar年龄暗示成矿时代早于120±4 Ma。结合前人研究成果推测蔡家坪铅锌矿床成矿时代为138~120 Ma,与华南地区伸展成矿阶段对应。
综合分析结果,认为蔡家坪铅锌矿床形成于早白垩世华南伸展成矿阶段,属中温岩浆热液型矿床,岩浆热液作用主导成矿。结合野外调查结果、前人研究成果及同位素示踪分析,认为赋矿砂岩层系矿源层,存在层控作用;武夷变质基底对矿区成岩成矿贡献巨大。
The Caijiaping lead-zinc deposit, located in north Wuyi area, Jiangxi Province, is a newfound medium-sized deposit. Sandstones of the Jurassic Shuibei Formation(J1s) and Zhangping Formation(J2z) are the wall rocks of orebodies. The lead-zinc orebodies usually occur in the crush belts beside the fractures, and often exist in boundary surfaces of rhyolite porphyries and sandstones. On the basis of field work, by means of observation of microscope and analysis of electron probe, this paper researches main sulfide minerals of the deposit at great length. Ore-forming process is preliminarily divided into sedimentary mineralization period, magmatic hydrothermal period and hypergene period. Magmatic hydrothermal period consists of medium-high temperature pyrite-sphalerite stage, medium-low temperature quartz-polymetallic sulfide stage and carbonate stage. Medium-high temperature pyrite-sphalerite stage is characterized by medium and large-grained hypautomorphic-automorphic pyrite+ christophite, which can reflect higher formation temperature. The alteration of this stage is epidotization. Medium-low temperature quartz-polymetallic sulfide stage, which is major metallogenetic stage, has a major ore mineral association consisting of pyrite+sphalerite+chalcopyrite+galena. The major alteration of this stage is silification, chloritization and sericitization. The data of electron probe indicates that following the mineralization, sulfur was more and more deficient.
According to the trace element geochemistry of galena and sphalerite, mineralization mainly resulted from magmatic hydrothermal process superimposed on layer-controlling action and sedimentation- metamorphism, what indicates that the mineralization of this deposit is polygenous. The bedding and incision orebodies we found in the field imply that the origin and the type of the lead-zinc orebodies are not single. Sulfur isotopic analysis indicates that the sulfur of the Caijiaping deposit is mainly magmatic sulfur in origin, possibly mixed with mantle-derived magma, and the sulfur isotope was approximately on balance when metallogenic materials were precipitated. Lead isotopic analysis reveals that ore-forming materials are derived from rhyolite porphyries and sandstones, and the metallogenic elements are crust-mantle mixed type.
Geochemical analysis indicates that the tectonic setting of provenance of sandstones is continental margin, and diagenetic provenance is related with Wuyi metamorphosed basement. Rhyolite porphyries are high potassium calc-alkaline S-type granite, which come from remelting of Wuyi metamorphosed basement.
The geologic thermometers of chlorite, cadmium and sulfur isotope show that the temperature of mineralization is 292.3℃~490.6℃, which is medium-high temperature and is consistent with the result of the trace element analysis.
Additionally, it is found that the fault F4 cuts orebodies in the field, and the potash feldspar selected from felsic vein within F4 yields a 40Ar /39Ar age of 120±4 Ma, implying the mineralization of the Caijiaping deposit should be occurred before 120±4 Ma. Combining with the former research results of predecessors, the authors speculate the age of mineralization was 138~120 Ma, corresponding with extensional mineralization stage of the South China area.
According to the researches above, the Caijiaping lead-zinc deposit, was formed in Lower Cretaceous during extensional mineralization stage of the South China area. It is a medium temperature hydrothermal deposit, which mainly resulted from magmatic hydrothermal process. According to the basis of field work, the former research results of predecessors and isotope analysis, we think the sandstones are source bed, and layer-controlling action also controlled the formation of the deposit. Wuyi metamorphosed basement contributed a great deal to the diagenetic and metallogenic process.
引文
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