内蒙古花敖包特银铅锌多金属矿床地球化学及成因研究
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摘要
花敖包特银铅锌矿床位于内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗宝日格斯台苏木境内,是一个近年来发现的与岩浆岩活动有关的热液脉状银铅锌多金属矿床,矿床形成经历了石英-黄铁矿阶段、闪锌矿-方铅矿阶段和毒砂-黄铁矿阶段三个成矿阶段。矿区Ag、Pb、Zn多金属矿化主要产于下二叠统寿山沟组地层中,其次产于次流纹岩及蛇纹岩中。矿区内出露的侵入岩主要为华力西晚期的超基性岩和燕山期的脉岩。花敖包特矿体位于梅劳特断裂北东段。
本文从花敖包特银铅锌多金属矿床地球化学数据出发,对矿区地球化学及流体包裹体特征进行了分析研究。相对于中国东部陆壳丰度而言,本区容矿岩石强烈富集Ag、As、Pb、Sb、Zn(K1≥5);富集Bi、Cd、Hg、In、Sn、W(1.2≤K1<5)。相对于容矿岩石,矿化岩石强烈富集As、Cd、Hg、In、Pb、Sn、Zn(K2≥5),富集Ag、Bi、Mo、Sb、W(1.2≤K2<5)。说明矿区地层本身具有一定的成矿潜力。花敖包特银铅锌矿体中硫化物的δ34S总体变化范围在-3.61‰~+1.21‰之间,该多金属矿硫的来源相对均一,主要来源于深部。矿床中矿石铅的同位素主要来源于幔源铅,部分反映了与岩浆作用有关的铅相混合的特点。成矿流体主要来自于大气降水和岩浆水的混合热液。
通过对流体包裹体的显微测温分析,石英、方解石、闪锌矿中的包裹体以原生包裹体为主,且以富液相为主,流体包裹体均一温度为146.7~274.3℃,盐度w (NaCleq)在0.54~8.52 %左右,密度在0.790～0.943g/cm3范围内,形成压力在9.60～20.26MPa范围内,由成矿压力推算的成矿深度约为0.96~2.03km。成矿流体是一种典型的低盐度、低密度的不饱和溶液。
矿床形成主要归功于有利的地层和以酸性次火山岩为代表的岩浆岩提供成矿热源和物源以及北东向梅老特深断裂为矿液运移提供了通道和储矿场所。结合矿床地质和地球化学的分析结果,认为该矿床为一典型的与构造岩浆活动有关的中低温热液脉状银铅锌多金属矿床。
Silver-lead-zinc deposit of Hua’aobaote is located in the region of Bao ri ge si tai Su-Mu at Xi Ujimqin Qi in Inner Mongolia, and is a recently discovered hydrothermal veiny silver-lead-zinc polymetallic deposit related to magmatic activitis. The deposit has undergone three mineralization stage , including Quartz-Pyrite stage,Sphalerite-Galena stage and Arsenopyrite- Pyrite stage. Ag, Pb, Zn polymetallic mineralization in mine area is mainly located at the shoushangou strata of the Lower Permian, secondly at Times rhyolite and serpentinite. The rocks outcropped in the Mining area are mostly ultrabasic rocks in the late Variscan and vein rocks in Stage of Yanshan . Ore bodies of Hua’aobaote are located in North-East part of MeiLaote fracture.
On the basis of geochemical data of silver-lead-zinc polymetallic deposit, this paper analyses the geochemical and fluid inclusion characters of mine area. Compared with the abundance of continental crust in eastern China, the host rocks in this area are strong enriched in Ag、As、Bi、Cd、Hg、In、Pb、Sb、Sn、Zn (K1≥5), enriched in W (1.2≤K1<5).Compared with compositions of the host rocks in this area, the mineralized rocks are strong enriched in Ag、Cd、Cu、Hg、In、Pb、Sb、Zn (K2≥5), enriched in As、Bi、Mo、Sn (1.2≤K2<5). It shows that the stratum of the mine area have some of the ore-forming potential. sulfide’sδ34S of ore bodies in Hua’aobaote ranges between -3.61‰~+1.21‰, the source of sulfur of this polymetallic deposit is relatively single,mainly derived from the deep. Ore deposits of lead isotope composition mainly derived from mantle-derived lead,partly reflects mixed features with lead related to magmatic. Ore-forming fluids are mixed hydrothermal solutions including mospheric precipitation and magmatic water.
By the analysis of micro-measurement of fluid inclusions,quartz,calcite,sphalerite are mainly primary inclusions and rich-liquid phrase inclusions. Homogeneous temperature of fluid inclusion are between 146.7~274.3℃, the salinities w (NaCleq) are in the range of 0.54~8.52%, the density are in the range of 0.790～0.943g/cm3, the pressure are in the range of 9.60～20.26MPa and the mineralization depths may be about 0.96~2.03km.Ore-forming fluid is a typical non-saturated solution of low salinity and low density. The formation of Hua’aobaote deposits mainly due to a favorable strata and acidic subvolcanic magmatic rocks supply metallogenic material and heat source,and The north east Meilaote deep fracture provide channels and reserve mine place for ore fluid migration.Combined geological with geochemical characteristic,it can be concluded that the deposit may be a typical intermediate-epithermal veiny silver-lead-zinc polymetallic deposit associated with tectonic magmatic activity.
本文从花敖包特银铅锌多金属矿床地球化学数据出发,对矿区地球化学及流体包裹体特征进行了分析研究。相对于中国东部陆壳丰度而言,本区容矿岩石强烈富集Ag、As、Pb、Sb、Zn(K1≥5);富集Bi、Cd、Hg、In、Sn、W(1.2≤K1<5)。相对于容矿岩石,矿化岩石强烈富集As、Cd、Hg、In、Pb、Sn、Zn(K2≥5),富集Ag、Bi、Mo、Sb、W(1.2≤K2<5)。说明矿区地层本身具有一定的成矿潜力。花敖包特银铅锌矿体中硫化物的δ34S总体变化范围在-3.61‰~+1.21‰之间,该多金属矿硫的来源相对均一,主要来源于深部。矿床中矿石铅的同位素主要来源于幔源铅,部分反映了与岩浆作用有关的铅相混合的特点。成矿流体主要来自于大气降水和岩浆水的混合热液。
通过对流体包裹体的显微测温分析,石英、方解石、闪锌矿中的包裹体以原生包裹体为主,且以富液相为主,流体包裹体均一温度为146.7~274.3℃,盐度w (NaCleq)在0.54~8.52 %左右,密度在0.790～0.943g/cm3范围内,形成压力在9.60～20.26MPa范围内,由成矿压力推算的成矿深度约为0.96~2.03km。成矿流体是一种典型的低盐度、低密度的不饱和溶液。
矿床形成主要归功于有利的地层和以酸性次火山岩为代表的岩浆岩提供成矿热源和物源以及北东向梅老特深断裂为矿液运移提供了通道和储矿场所。结合矿床地质和地球化学的分析结果,认为该矿床为一典型的与构造岩浆活动有关的中低温热液脉状银铅锌多金属矿床。
Silver-lead-zinc deposit of Hua’aobaote is located in the region of Bao ri ge si tai Su-Mu at Xi Ujimqin Qi in Inner Mongolia, and is a recently discovered hydrothermal veiny silver-lead-zinc polymetallic deposit related to magmatic activitis. The deposit has undergone three mineralization stage , including Quartz-Pyrite stage,Sphalerite-Galena stage and Arsenopyrite- Pyrite stage. Ag, Pb, Zn polymetallic mineralization in mine area is mainly located at the shoushangou strata of the Lower Permian, secondly at Times rhyolite and serpentinite. The rocks outcropped in the Mining area are mostly ultrabasic rocks in the late Variscan and vein rocks in Stage of Yanshan . Ore bodies of Hua’aobaote are located in North-East part of MeiLaote fracture.
On the basis of geochemical data of silver-lead-zinc polymetallic deposit, this paper analyses the geochemical and fluid inclusion characters of mine area. Compared with the abundance of continental crust in eastern China, the host rocks in this area are strong enriched in Ag、As、Bi、Cd、Hg、In、Pb、Sb、Sn、Zn (K1≥5), enriched in W (1.2≤K1<5).Compared with compositions of the host rocks in this area, the mineralized rocks are strong enriched in Ag、Cd、Cu、Hg、In、Pb、Sb、Zn (K2≥5), enriched in As、Bi、Mo、Sn (1.2≤K2<5). It shows that the stratum of the mine area have some of the ore-forming potential. sulfide’sδ34S of ore bodies in Hua’aobaote ranges between -3.61‰~+1.21‰, the source of sulfur of this polymetallic deposit is relatively single,mainly derived from the deep. Ore deposits of lead isotope composition mainly derived from mantle-derived lead,partly reflects mixed features with lead related to magmatic. Ore-forming fluids are mixed hydrothermal solutions including mospheric precipitation and magmatic water.
By the analysis of micro-measurement of fluid inclusions,quartz,calcite,sphalerite are mainly primary inclusions and rich-liquid phrase inclusions. Homogeneous temperature of fluid inclusion are between 146.7~274.3℃, the salinities w (NaCleq) are in the range of 0.54~8.52%, the density are in the range of 0.790～0.943g/cm3, the pressure are in the range of 9.60～20.26MPa and the mineralization depths may be about 0.96~2.03km.Ore-forming fluid is a typical non-saturated solution of low salinity and low density. The formation of Hua’aobaote deposits mainly due to a favorable strata and acidic subvolcanic magmatic rocks supply metallogenic material and heat source,and The north east Meilaote deep fracture provide channels and reserve mine place for ore fluid migration.Combined geological with geochemical characteristic,it can be concluded that the deposit may be a typical intermediate-epithermal veiny silver-lead-zinc polymetallic deposit associated with tectonic magmatic activity.
引文
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Vavra G,Gebauer D,Schmid R.Multiple zircon growth and re crystallization during polyphase Late Carboni- ferous to Triassic metamorphism in granulites of the Ivrea Zone (Southern Alps):Anion microprobe (SHRIMP) study.Contrib Mineral Petrol.1996,122:337-358.
Williams I S.U-Th-Pb geochronology by ion microprobe.Applications of microanalytical techiniques to understanding mineralizing processes[J].Rev Econ Geol.1998,7:1-35.
Zartman,E.R.,Doe,B.R. Plumbotectonics-The model.Tectonophysics.1981,75 (1):135 - 162.
陈德潜,陈刚.实用稀土元素地球化学.冶金工业出版社.1990:195～238
陈好寿,周肃,魏林,等.成矿作用年代学及同位素地球化学.北京:地质出版社.1994
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