基于CEM的区域创业环境优化研究
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摘要
随着传统经济社会发展的资源环境约束和路径依赖极限的逼近，世界范围内的转型发展趋势日益明显。在怎样转型、转往何处、如何推进等关键问题的研究中，大力推动创业活动，发展创业型经济，建设创业型社会成为理论和实践层面研究探索的共识。在这一过程中，如何优化区域创业环境，更好地为创业活动服务，是需要政府、市场、社会包括创业企业和创业主体自身给予回答的重大课题。
本文首先梳理了相关理论研究成果，在此基础上探讨了创业主导因素的概念构成、主要特点以及它们与创业环境的相互影响和互动机制。通过对区域创业环境本质内涵、结构特征、分析框架的深入探析，结合GEM的研究成果，在理论研究和实证调研的基础上，提出了包含8项类别指标和16个衡量指标的适合中国的CEM区域创业环境研究框架，通过相关分析验证了其合理性和科学性。以CEM研究框架为切入视角，针对江苏省的样本进行聚类分析和层次分析，从多个角度深入探究其区域创业环境的内在规律和发展特点，剖析了江苏各市区域创业环境存在的优势和不足，为完善和优化区域创业环境提供了可资借鉴的思路。
通过对江苏省各地市区域创业环境的实证研究发现，区域创业环境与创业活跃程度之间存在着较高的正相关性。区域创业环境较好的地区其创业活跃程度也较高，区域创业环境较差的地区其创业活跃程度也较低。通过对样本的聚类分析，按照不同标准，江苏省各地市可以分为区域创业环境优越地区、区域创业环境一般地区、区域创业环境欠佳地区和创业活动高度活跃地区、创业活动一般活跃地区和创业活动不太活跃地区。在各类不同地区的影响因素上，总体来说，文化社会指标、金融支持指标、政府政策和项目指标对于区域创业环境的影响较为显著，而总量经济指标、教育培训指标对于区域创业环境的影响较为薄弱，是区域创业环境优化需要重点巩固和加强的地方。
研究表明，区域创业环境的优化和改善是一个庞大的系统工程。从江苏省来看，还需要着力从解放思想破除观念束缚、整合政策健全体制机制、转型升级创新发展方式、依靠法治完善规则环境、强化实践培育创业文化等方面进行改进。其中每一类地区还要结合自身的区域创业环境特点扬长避短，取长补短，巩固加强。从区域创业环境支撑体系来看，需要从思想文化支撑、政府政策支撑、社会经济支撑、科技教育支撑、金融风险支撑等方面入手，建立全面系统的区域创业环境支撑体系，增强区域创业环境发展的内生动力和机制保障，为优化和改进区域创业环境、促进和服务创业活动、推动经济社会持续发展提供不竭的动力支撑。
With the resources and environment constraints and path dependence in thetraditional economic and social development, a worldwide trend of transition isincreasingly obvious. Researches on how to make and promote the transition havebeen conducted to help promote entrepreneurship and develop entrepreneurialeconomy, and the construction of an entrepreneurial society is becoming extremelysignificant both theoretically and practically. In this process, how to optimize regionalentrepreneurial environment and provide better services for entrepreneurial activity isa problem to be jointly solved by government, market, society including start-ups andentrepreneurs.
Based on the previous relevant theoretical researches, this paper deals first withthe concepts and characteristics of entrepreneurial dominant factors, and then analysesthe interaction and mutual mechanism between them. By exploring the essentialconnotation, structure characteristics and analysis framework of the regionalentrepreneurial environment, the author puts forward a research framework contains8categories and16measures indicators and suitable for China's CEM regionalentrepreneurial environment on the basis of GEM framework and theoretical andempirical researches, and the rationality of the research framework has been verifiedby correlation analysis. Using CEM framework as the starting point, this paper makescluster and AHP analysis of samples in Jiangsu province, and explores the internalrules and development characteristics of entrepreneurial environment from multipleperspectives, analysis the advantages and shortcomings of the cities regionalentrepreneurial environment, providing valuable ideas for improving and optimizingregional entrepreneurial environment.
An empirical study on the regional entrepreneurial environment in Jiangsuprovince shows that there is a high positive correlation between regionalentrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial activity. There will be moreentrepreneurial activities in superior regional entrepreneurial environment areas,while there will be fewer entrepreneurial activities in inferior entrepreneurialenvironment areas. Cluster analysis of the samples indicates that cities in Jiangsuprovince could be divided into superior regional entrepreneurial environment areas,average regional entrepreneurial environment areas, inferior regional entrepreneurialenvironment areas and highly active entrepreneurial areas, moderately active entrepreneurial areas and less active entrepreneurial areas according to differentcriteria. In general, cultural and social indicators, financial support indicators,government policy and project indicators impose a huge impact on regionalentrepreneurial environment, while the economic indicators, education and trainingindicators impose less impact on regional entrepreneurial environment, which need tobe strengthened and consolidated in order to improve regional entrepreneurialenvironment.
Studies have shown that optimizing and improving the regional entrepreneurialenvironment is a huge system engineering. In Jiangsu, focus should be put onemancipating the mind,getting rid of old-fashioned ideas, integrating policies,establishing sound institutional mechanism, restructuring and upgrading innovativedevelopment ways, strengthening the practice and fostering an entrepreneurial culture.Each category of regional entrepreneurial environment should foster strengths andcircumvent weaknesses according to its own characteristics. From the perspective ofsupport system of regional entrepreneurial environment, government policy support,ideological and cultural support, social and economic support, technological supportand financial support should be strengthened to establish a comprehensive supportsystem of regional entrepreneurial environment, to enhance the endogenous powerand provide a sound guarantee mechanism, to provide sustaining driving force foroptimizing and improving regional entrepreneurial environment, for promotingentrepreneurial activities, for boosting sustainable and healthy economic development.
本文首先梳理了相关理论研究成果，在此基础上探讨了创业主导因素的概念构成、主要特点以及它们与创业环境的相互影响和互动机制。通过对区域创业环境本质内涵、结构特征、分析框架的深入探析，结合GEM的研究成果，在理论研究和实证调研的基础上，提出了包含8项类别指标和16个衡量指标的适合中国的CEM区域创业环境研究框架，通过相关分析验证了其合理性和科学性。以CEM研究框架为切入视角，针对江苏省的样本进行聚类分析和层次分析，从多个角度深入探究其区域创业环境的内在规律和发展特点，剖析了江苏各市区域创业环境存在的优势和不足，为完善和优化区域创业环境提供了可资借鉴的思路。
通过对江苏省各地市区域创业环境的实证研究发现，区域创业环境与创业活跃程度之间存在着较高的正相关性。区域创业环境较好的地区其创业活跃程度也较高，区域创业环境较差的地区其创业活跃程度也较低。通过对样本的聚类分析，按照不同标准，江苏省各地市可以分为区域创业环境优越地区、区域创业环境一般地区、区域创业环境欠佳地区和创业活动高度活跃地区、创业活动一般活跃地区和创业活动不太活跃地区。在各类不同地区的影响因素上，总体来说，文化社会指标、金融支持指标、政府政策和项目指标对于区域创业环境的影响较为显著，而总量经济指标、教育培训指标对于区域创业环境的影响较为薄弱，是区域创业环境优化需要重点巩固和加强的地方。
研究表明，区域创业环境的优化和改善是一个庞大的系统工程。从江苏省来看，还需要着力从解放思想破除观念束缚、整合政策健全体制机制、转型升级创新发展方式、依靠法治完善规则环境、强化实践培育创业文化等方面进行改进。其中每一类地区还要结合自身的区域创业环境特点扬长避短，取长补短，巩固加强。从区域创业环境支撑体系来看，需要从思想文化支撑、政府政策支撑、社会经济支撑、科技教育支撑、金融风险支撑等方面入手，建立全面系统的区域创业环境支撑体系，增强区域创业环境发展的内生动力和机制保障，为优化和改进区域创业环境、促进和服务创业活动、推动经济社会持续发展提供不竭的动力支撑。
With the resources and environment constraints and path dependence in thetraditional economic and social development, a worldwide trend of transition isincreasingly obvious. Researches on how to make and promote the transition havebeen conducted to help promote entrepreneurship and develop entrepreneurialeconomy, and the construction of an entrepreneurial society is becoming extremelysignificant both theoretically and practically. In this process, how to optimize regionalentrepreneurial environment and provide better services for entrepreneurial activity isa problem to be jointly solved by government, market, society including start-ups andentrepreneurs.
Based on the previous relevant theoretical researches, this paper deals first withthe concepts and characteristics of entrepreneurial dominant factors, and then analysesthe interaction and mutual mechanism between them. By exploring the essentialconnotation, structure characteristics and analysis framework of the regionalentrepreneurial environment, the author puts forward a research framework contains8categories and16measures indicators and suitable for China's CEM regionalentrepreneurial environment on the basis of GEM framework and theoretical andempirical researches, and the rationality of the research framework has been verifiedby correlation analysis. Using CEM framework as the starting point, this paper makescluster and AHP analysis of samples in Jiangsu province, and explores the internalrules and development characteristics of entrepreneurial environment from multipleperspectives, analysis the advantages and shortcomings of the cities regionalentrepreneurial environment, providing valuable ideas for improving and optimizingregional entrepreneurial environment.
An empirical study on the regional entrepreneurial environment in Jiangsuprovince shows that there is a high positive correlation between regionalentrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial activity. There will be moreentrepreneurial activities in superior regional entrepreneurial environment areas,while there will be fewer entrepreneurial activities in inferior entrepreneurialenvironment areas. Cluster analysis of the samples indicates that cities in Jiangsuprovince could be divided into superior regional entrepreneurial environment areas,average regional entrepreneurial environment areas, inferior regional entrepreneurialenvironment areas and highly active entrepreneurial areas, moderately active entrepreneurial areas and less active entrepreneurial areas according to differentcriteria. In general, cultural and social indicators, financial support indicators,government policy and project indicators impose a huge impact on regionalentrepreneurial environment, while the economic indicators, education and trainingindicators impose less impact on regional entrepreneurial environment, which need tobe strengthened and consolidated in order to improve regional entrepreneurialenvironment.
Studies have shown that optimizing and improving the regional entrepreneurialenvironment is a huge system engineering. In Jiangsu, focus should be put onemancipating the mind,getting rid of old-fashioned ideas, integrating policies,establishing sound institutional mechanism, restructuring and upgrading innovativedevelopment ways, strengthening the practice and fostering an entrepreneurial culture.Each category of regional entrepreneurial environment should foster strengths andcircumvent weaknesses according to its own characteristics. From the perspective ofsupport system of regional entrepreneurial environment, government policy support,ideological and cultural support, social and economic support, technological supportand financial support should be strengthened to establish a comprehensive supportsystem of regional entrepreneurial environment, to enhance the endogenous powerand provide a sound guarantee mechanism, to provide sustaining driving force foroptimizing and improving regional entrepreneurial environment, for promotingentrepreneurial activities, for boosting sustainable and healthy economic development.
引文
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