基于Linux的多媒体信息传输及路由软件的设计和实现
摘要
无线移动自组织网络(Ad hoc)是一种基于点到点的无线传输网络，也可称为多跳网或自组织网。该网络具有如下的特点：网络节点可以作为其传输范围内邻居节点的路由，并转发邻居节点的分组；无中心、自组织、能够快速进行部署、移动和多跳；网络中的节点都具有主机与路由器的双重功能，由于无线传输的范围有限，因此移动的主机节点必须借助其它主机节点转发数据分组才能到达目的节点。每个节点都参与路由发现过程。
无线移动自组织网络主要应用在一些没有基础通信设施或者不便通信的场合，由于这些特点，Ad hoc网络特别适用于军事上的战术通讯网或者灾难救助场合。
在项目的实施过程中，自主设计研发了数传多媒体电台的硬件和软件系统。本论文主要内容是论述基于数传电台软件系统的设计和实现，阐述了该软件在设计中的细节以及其它一些与项目相关的理论问题。整个软件系统包括两大部分：点到点图像信息传输软件模块和基于DSR协议设计的sysRoute自组织路由协议模块。
论文首先介绍了系统硬件和软件的概述，然后阐述了无线移动自组织网络的基本概念、特点、网络的体系结构，然后介绍了各类路由协议，接着详细论述了DSR协议的工作原理。目前，在Ad hoc网络中提出了很多基于各种假设和应用环境的路由协议，在综合比较和分析了这些典型的路由协议后，认为DSR协议适合运行在自主开发电台硬件平台上。
在软件系统架构的设计过程中，通过应用UNIX的进程间通信的FIFO机制，很好地实现了系统各个软件模块间的通信和数据传递和控制信息的交互。
此外，本文还就系统软件的设计提出了一些设计思路，还有基于FIFO机制的数据分组的实现机制。在代码的编写过程中，遵循了模块化、数据结构一致性、代码的可读性的原则。
最后，总结整个论文的工作，并对未来的工作提出了展望和改进的措施。
Ad hoc network is a kind of peer to peer wireless data network. The node in the net work acts as the sysRouter of its neighbors those in its direct transmission range. It is also called multi-hop network or self-organized network. Ad hoc network has characteristic of non-center, self-organized, fast deployable, mobile and multi-hop. In such a network, each mobile node operate not only as a host but also a sysRouter, forwarding packets for other mobile nodes in the network that may not be within direct wireless transmission range of each other. Each node participates in an ad hoc routing protocol that allows it to discover "multi-hop" paths through the network to any other node.
In area in which there is little or no communication infrastructure or the existing infrastructure is expensive or inconvenient to use, wireless mobile user may still be able to communicate through the formation of an ad hoc network. Because of these characteristics, Ad hoc network is being paid much attention for using in military tactical communication with the architecture features or disaster relief area.
In this research project, we design a digital multimedia radio system, including hardware and software system. The main contents of the paper, illustrate, design and implement of software system, as well as some relative theory problem. The design and implementation of software is illustrated in detail. The whole software of system is composed of two component: one is peer to peer wireless picture information transmission module, the other is routing protocol based SysRoute protocol, which is designed by us according to DSR routing protocols.
This dessertation starts with totally conceptions of hardware and software of system, then go with the basic conceptions and characteristics of wireless mobile Ad hoc network, introduce the system structure of wireless mobile Ad hoc network, as well as a varities of Ad hoc protocols, then illustrate DSR protocol in detail. As the key technique of Ad hoc network, the routing protocol play a important roles. At present, many different protocols have been proposed to solve the multi-hop routing problem in ad hoc networks, each based on different assumptions and intuitions. After comparision and analyse between those typical routing protocols, we made a conclusion that: at the multimedia digital rado station platform designed by ourselves, the DSR(Dymantic Source SysRoute) may be the most suitable protocol.
In addition to, during the process of design software system, by using of FIFO mechanism, which is one of method of interprocess of communication(IPC) in UNIX, software module can communication and data transmision very well, and control information has been transmitted well mutualy.
In this paper, we also present some design idea, system communication framework based FIFO communication mechanism. During the process of writing coding, some main design principals are follwed: modularity, consistent data structure, readable code.
At last, we conclude the works of the paper and point out the problem that need improving in relative fields.
无线移动自组织网络主要应用在一些没有基础通信设施或者不便通信的场合，由于这些特点，Ad hoc网络特别适用于军事上的战术通讯网或者灾难救助场合。
在项目的实施过程中，自主设计研发了数传多媒体电台的硬件和软件系统。本论文主要内容是论述基于数传电台软件系统的设计和实现，阐述了该软件在设计中的细节以及其它一些与项目相关的理论问题。整个软件系统包括两大部分：点到点图像信息传输软件模块和基于DSR协议设计的sysRoute自组织路由协议模块。
论文首先介绍了系统硬件和软件的概述，然后阐述了无线移动自组织网络的基本概念、特点、网络的体系结构，然后介绍了各类路由协议，接着详细论述了DSR协议的工作原理。目前，在Ad hoc网络中提出了很多基于各种假设和应用环境的路由协议，在综合比较和分析了这些典型的路由协议后，认为DSR协议适合运行在自主开发电台硬件平台上。
在软件系统架构的设计过程中，通过应用UNIX的进程间通信的FIFO机制，很好地实现了系统各个软件模块间的通信和数据传递和控制信息的交互。
此外，本文还就系统软件的设计提出了一些设计思路，还有基于FIFO机制的数据分组的实现机制。在代码的编写过程中，遵循了模块化、数据结构一致性、代码的可读性的原则。
最后，总结整个论文的工作，并对未来的工作提出了展望和改进的措施。
Ad hoc network is a kind of peer to peer wireless data network. The node in the net work acts as the sysRouter of its neighbors those in its direct transmission range. It is also called multi-hop network or self-organized network. Ad hoc network has characteristic of non-center, self-organized, fast deployable, mobile and multi-hop. In such a network, each mobile node operate not only as a host but also a sysRouter, forwarding packets for other mobile nodes in the network that may not be within direct wireless transmission range of each other. Each node participates in an ad hoc routing protocol that allows it to discover "multi-hop" paths through the network to any other node.
In area in which there is little or no communication infrastructure or the existing infrastructure is expensive or inconvenient to use, wireless mobile user may still be able to communicate through the formation of an ad hoc network. Because of these characteristics, Ad hoc network is being paid much attention for using in military tactical communication with the architecture features or disaster relief area.
In this research project, we design a digital multimedia radio system, including hardware and software system. The main contents of the paper, illustrate, design and implement of software system, as well as some relative theory problem. The design and implementation of software is illustrated in detail. The whole software of system is composed of two component: one is peer to peer wireless picture information transmission module, the other is routing protocol based SysRoute protocol, which is designed by us according to DSR routing protocols.
This dessertation starts with totally conceptions of hardware and software of system, then go with the basic conceptions and characteristics of wireless mobile Ad hoc network, introduce the system structure of wireless mobile Ad hoc network, as well as a varities of Ad hoc protocols, then illustrate DSR protocol in detail. As the key technique of Ad hoc network, the routing protocol play a important roles. At present, many different protocols have been proposed to solve the multi-hop routing problem in ad hoc networks, each based on different assumptions and intuitions. After comparision and analyse between those typical routing protocols, we made a conclusion that: at the multimedia digital rado station platform designed by ourselves, the DSR(Dymantic Source SysRoute) may be the most suitable protocol.
In addition to, during the process of design software system, by using of FIFO mechanism, which is one of method of interprocess of communication(IPC) in UNIX, software module can communication and data transmision very well, and control information has been transmitted well mutualy.
In this paper, we also present some design idea, system communication framework based FIFO communication mechanism. During the process of writing coding, some main design principals are follwed: modularity, consistent data structure, readable code.
At last, we conclude the works of the paper and point out the problem that need improving in relative fields.
引文
[1] P. Johanson, T.Larsson, N.Hedman, B.Mielczarek, and M.Degenmark, Scenario-based Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols for Mobile Adhoe Network, Proceedings of ACM/IEEE MobiCom'99, August 1999.
[2] Josh Broch, David A. Maltz, David B. Johnson, Yih-Chnn Hu, and Jorjeta Jctcheva. A Performance Comparison of Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoe Network Routing Protocols. In Proceedings of the Fourth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'98), ACM, Dallas, TX, October 1998
[3] Santashil PalChaudhuri, Rajnish Kumar, Richard Baraniuk and David B. Johnson. Design of Adaptive Overlays for Multi-scale Communication in Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS 2005), IEEE, Marina Del Ray, CA, June 2005
[4] IETF MANET Working Group INTERNET-DRAFT draft-ieff-manet-dsr-10.txt, The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad hoe Networks(DSR)[S]
[5] David B. Johnson, David A. Maltz, and Josh Broch. DSR: The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoe Networks. in Ad Hoe Networking, edited by Charles E. Perkins, Addison-Wesley, 2001
[6] RFC3626,Optimized Link State Routing Protoeol(OLSR)[S]
[7] RFC3561, Ad hoe On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV) Routing[S]
[8] 于宏毅等看。无线移动自组织网。人民邮电出版社，2005，59-72，171-176．
[9] 王海涛．AdHoc网络的协议栈及各层协议的设计．数据通信，2004年第2期．
[10] 李祖鹏，黄建华，唐辉．基于P2P计算模式的自组织网络路由模型，软件学报，Vol 16，No 5，2005．
[11] 钟晓峰，杨帆，王有政，梅顺良．无线自组织网络测试平台设计与实现，电子技术应用．
[12] 杨盘龙，田畅．军用高速数字电台路由模块的设计，军事通信技术，Vol．23 No．2，Jun，2002．
[13] 周明政，赵民建，陈文正．一种新的AdHoc网络的MAC协议及实现，无线电工程，2005．第35卷．第9期．
[14] W.Richard Stenvcns. UNIX Network Programming, Volume 2:Intcrprocess Communications 2nd ed,1999, Prentice Hall PTR.
[15] W.Richard Stenvens. Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment, Addison Wesley Inc, 1992.
[16]W.Richard Stenvens, Bill Fenner and Andrew M.Rudoff. UNIX Network Programming, Volume I: The Sockets Networking API, Third Edition, Pearson Education, Inc,2004, [11]Bil Lewis, DanielJ.Berg. POSIX.Multithread.Programming.Primer, Sun Microsystems, Inc, 1996.
[17]Kay A.Robbins, Steven Robbins UNIX Systems Programming: Communication, Concurrency, and Threads, published by Pearson Education, 2003.
[18]APE: Ad Hoc Protocol Evaluation Tested. http://apetested.sourceforge.net
[19] Yih-Chun Hu and David B. Johnson. Design and Demonstration of Live Audio and Video over Multihop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks. Proceedings of the MILCOM 2002 IEEE Military Communications Conference, IEEE, Anaheim, CA, October 2002
[20]The CMU Monarch Project. http://www.monarch.cs.cmu.edu/. Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University.
[21]Henrik Lundgren and Erik Noodstr om. AODV-UU. http://user.it.uu.se/～henrik/aodv/
[22] George Coulouris, Jean Dollimore, and Tim Kindberg. Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design, Fourth Edition.
[23] Marc J.Rochkind. Advanced UNIX Programming, Second Edtion, Addison-Wesley,2004.
[24] David R.Hanson. C Interfaces and Implementations:Techniques for Creating Reusable Software. Pearson Education, 2003.
[25]W.Richard Stevens. TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols.
[26]Paal E. Engelstad, Andreas Tonnesen, Andreas Hafslund, Geir Egeland Internet Connectivity for Multi-Homed Proactive Ad Hoc Networks
[27]John Heidemann, Fabio Silva, Deborah, Estrin. Matching Data Dissemination Algorithms to Application Requirements
[28]Cheng Tien Ee, Ruzena Bajcsy. Congestion Control and Fairness for Many-to-One Routing in Sensor Networks.
[29]Chieh Yih Wan, Andrew T. Campbell, Jon Crowcrsft. A Case for All-Wireless, Dual Radio Virtual Sinks.
[30]Chieh Yih Wan, Andrew T. Campbell, Lakshman Krishnamurthy. PSFQ- A Reliable Transport Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks
[31] Chieh Yih Wan, Andrew T. Campbell, Lakshman Krishnamurthy. Pump-Slowly, Fetch-Quickly (PSFQ)- A Reliable Transport Protocol for Sensor Networks.
[32] 杨盘龙，田畅，于雍。基于战术互联网环境的自组织网络路由协议性能仿真与评估，系统仿真学报，vol．17 No．7，July，2005．
[2] Josh Broch, David A. Maltz, David B. Johnson, Yih-Chnn Hu, and Jorjeta Jctcheva. A Performance Comparison of Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoe Network Routing Protocols. In Proceedings of the Fourth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'98), ACM, Dallas, TX, October 1998
[3] Santashil PalChaudhuri, Rajnish Kumar, Richard Baraniuk and David B. Johnson. Design of Adaptive Overlays for Multi-scale Communication in Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS 2005), IEEE, Marina Del Ray, CA, June 2005
[4] IETF MANET Working Group INTERNET-DRAFT draft-ieff-manet-dsr-10.txt, The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad hoe Networks(DSR)[S]
[5] David B. Johnson, David A. Maltz, and Josh Broch. DSR: The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoe Networks. in Ad Hoe Networking, edited by Charles E. Perkins, Addison-Wesley, 2001
[6] RFC3626,Optimized Link State Routing Protoeol(OLSR)[S]
[7] RFC3561, Ad hoe On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV) Routing[S]
[8] 于宏毅等看。无线移动自组织网。人民邮电出版社，2005，59-72，171-176．
[9] 王海涛．AdHoc网络的协议栈及各层协议的设计．数据通信，2004年第2期．
[10] 李祖鹏，黄建华，唐辉．基于P2P计算模式的自组织网络路由模型，软件学报，Vol 16，No 5，2005．
[11] 钟晓峰，杨帆，王有政，梅顺良．无线自组织网络测试平台设计与实现，电子技术应用．
[12] 杨盘龙，田畅．军用高速数字电台路由模块的设计，军事通信技术，Vol．23 No．2，Jun，2002．
[13] 周明政，赵民建，陈文正．一种新的AdHoc网络的MAC协议及实现，无线电工程，2005．第35卷．第9期．
[14] W.Richard Stenvcns. UNIX Network Programming, Volume 2:Intcrprocess Communications 2nd ed,1999, Prentice Hall PTR.
[15] W.Richard Stenvens. Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment, Addison Wesley Inc, 1992.
[16]W.Richard Stenvens, Bill Fenner and Andrew M.Rudoff. UNIX Network Programming, Volume I: The Sockets Networking API, Third Edition, Pearson Education, Inc,2004, [11]Bil Lewis, DanielJ.Berg. POSIX.Multithread.Programming.Primer, Sun Microsystems, Inc, 1996.
[17]Kay A.Robbins, Steven Robbins UNIX Systems Programming: Communication, Concurrency, and Threads, published by Pearson Education, 2003.
[18]APE: Ad Hoc Protocol Evaluation Tested. http://apetested.sourceforge.net
[19] Yih-Chun Hu and David B. Johnson. Design and Demonstration of Live Audio and Video over Multihop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks. Proceedings of the MILCOM 2002 IEEE Military Communications Conference, IEEE, Anaheim, CA, October 2002
[20]The CMU Monarch Project. http://www.monarch.cs.cmu.edu/. Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University.
[21]Henrik Lundgren and Erik Noodstr om. AODV-UU. http://user.it.uu.se/～henrik/aodv/
[22] George Coulouris, Jean Dollimore, and Tim Kindberg. Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design, Fourth Edition.
[23] Marc J.Rochkind. Advanced UNIX Programming, Second Edtion, Addison-Wesley,2004.
[24] David R.Hanson. C Interfaces and Implementations:Techniques for Creating Reusable Software. Pearson Education, 2003.
[25]W.Richard Stevens. TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols.
[26]Paal E. Engelstad, Andreas Tonnesen, Andreas Hafslund, Geir Egeland Internet Connectivity for Multi-Homed Proactive Ad Hoc Networks
[27]John Heidemann, Fabio Silva, Deborah, Estrin. Matching Data Dissemination Algorithms to Application Requirements
[28]Cheng Tien Ee, Ruzena Bajcsy. Congestion Control and Fairness for Many-to-One Routing in Sensor Networks.
[29]Chieh Yih Wan, Andrew T. Campbell, Jon Crowcrsft. A Case for All-Wireless, Dual Radio Virtual Sinks.
[30]Chieh Yih Wan, Andrew T. Campbell, Lakshman Krishnamurthy. PSFQ- A Reliable Transport Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks
[31] Chieh Yih Wan, Andrew T. Campbell, Lakshman Krishnamurthy. Pump-Slowly, Fetch-Quickly (PSFQ)- A Reliable Transport Protocol for Sensor Networks.
[32] 杨盘龙，田畅，于雍。基于战术互联网环境的自组织网络路由协议性能仿真与评估，系统仿真学报，vol．17 No．7，July，2005．