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关中地区高新区建设对区域的可持续发展影响评价
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摘要
环境影响评价在调整人与环境关系过程中具有重要作用。从最初的单个项目的环境影响评价到现在的可持续发展影响评价,环境影响评价的发展经历了一个渐变的过程,使其内涵和范围都发生了深刻的变化。而可持续发展影响评价正是在项目环境影响评价日益呈现出其局限性和可持续发展战略迅速推广以来,出现的一种适应新形势的环境影响评价形式。
     本文首先通过对可持续发展影响评价内涵的探讨,初步研究了可持续发展影响评价的概念、产生原因、开展意义和评价内容,认为可持续发展影响评价是在强调可持续基础上进行的环境影响评价,它应该比环境影响评价具有更加广泛的内容。其次,将可持续发展影响评价的理论和方法应用到关中地区的高新技术产业开发区建设评价中,应用主成分分析法对关中各高新技术产业开发区进行了综合评价,为各高新区综合打分,并通过历史的纵向比较确定了各高新区的发展潜力。第三,在对关中高新技术产业开发区建设的经济水平、创新实力和环境状况等影响高新区发展因素进行研究和评估的基础上,重点研究了关中地区高新区建设的区域环境影响问题,分别从微观(高新区自身)、中观(所在城市)和宏观(关中地区)三个空间层次上,分析评价了高新区建设对人口素质提高、城市化与城市的现代化建设、产业结构调整以及科技进步等的影响;深入分析了高新区建设上述影响的区域环境效应。最后,依据循环经济原理对高新区建设促进关中区域的可持续发展提出了对策和建议。
     论文的主要结论有:
     (1)区域开发建设可持续发展影响评价是在建设项目环境影响评价和可持续发展的基础上发展起来的一种新型环境影响评价,其重点应该是在强调可持续的基础上对区域开发建设可能产生的环境效应进行评价;
     (2)开发区的综合评价表明,西安和杨凌相对居于较高水平,而西安、宝鸡、杨凌和咸阳发展势头良好,渭南处于停滞状态,并有相对下降的趋势;
     (3)高新区的经济水平、创新实力和环境状况评价表明,关中各高新区发展水平落后于全国平均水平,并且各高新区之间也存在一定的差距,尤以渭南高新
    
    区存的问题最为严重,需要采取果断措施;
     (4)高新区建设的环境效应说明,关中地区高新技术产业开发区的建设,其
    自身对生活环境及生态环境不会产生显著的负面影响,而其所产生的直接效应与
    旁侧效应都将有力的促进关中地区环境污染的治理和生态建设。
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) plays an important role in integrating the relationship between man and environment. From initial Project Environmental Impact Assessment (PEIA) to recent Sustainable Development Impact Assessment (SDIA), EIA experience a process of gradual change. During this course, its meaning and scope all have changed profoundly. Just after more and more disadvantages of PEIA appear and Sustainable Development has rapidly been popularized, SDIA comes forth as a new form of EIA, which adapt the new situation.
    According to the discussion of SDIA, this thesis firstly gives a basic study of its meaning, the cause of coming into being, the significance and the evaluating contents. And the author thinks that SDIA is a kind of EIA emphasized on SD and it should have more contents than EIA. Secondly, this thesis applies the theories and methods of SDIA to High and New Technology Development Zones in Guanzhong area and gives a general evaluation of the high and new technology development zones with PCA. After knowing the principal components that influence the development of high and new technology development zones, we give a general score to them through which we know the development potential of them. Thirdly, on the basis of studying and evaluating on the economy level, innovative strength and environmental situation respectively, the thesis lays particular stress on the regional environmental effect that is brought forward by the construction of High-tech zones in Guanzhong area; The thesis analyzes the regional env
    ironmental effect of High-tech zones' construction thoroughly on its improving people's quality, impelling citifying, adjusting industrial structure and promote scientific advancement. Finally Some suggestions are put forward to help the construction of High-tech zones impel the Sustainable Development of Guanzhong area according to circular economy.
    According to these studies, we find that:
    a) SDIA is a new kind of EIA based on PEIA and Sustainable Development; the emphasis of its evaluation should be laid on the possible environmental effect brought about by regional exploitation on the basis of Sustainable Development.
    b) Through the general study of the high-tech zones, we find that xi'an, xianyang
    
    
    and weinan High-tech zones are better than others, the developing tendency of xi'an, baoji and xianyang is good, weinan has been stagnating for a period of time and yangling is relatively decreasing.
    c) After studying the economy level, innovative strength and environmental situation, we find that there are some differences between our country and Guanzhong. In addition, there are some differences among the high and new technology development zones of Guanzhong: All proves that there is something wrong with Weinan High-tech zone and we must take actions in time;
    d) The Regional Environmental Effect of High-tech zones' construction shows that the construction of High-tech zones itself will not cause notable bad influence to living environment and ecological environment and its direct and indirect influence will promote the fathering of environmental pollution and ecological construction powerfully in Guanzhong area.
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