技术有效需求与供给的机理研究
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摘要
世界各国经济发展的实践已充分证明：技术创新是将科学技术从潜在生产力转化为现实生产力、促进经济发展的最主要和最有效的手段和途径，并由此形成了全球范围内的技术创新竞争的新格局。在激烈的国际竞争中，技术无一例外地成为竞争力的基础和主要源泉，谁能够实现技术的有效需求与供给，谁就可能成功地推进经济发展。
在全球经济和科技一体化的背景下，在跨国公司R&D全球化和本土化的趋势下，研究技术需求、技术供给及其特殊规律，研究系统(包括国家、地区和企业)的技术有效需求、有效供给及其实现路径，研究技术需求和供给能力的构成及评价体系，以提升经济系统在世界产业链和价值链中的地位和作用，不但直接关系到社会、经济和科技的发展，而且将丰富和发展创新经济学的主要内容。
本文在借鉴和吸收前人研究成果的基础上，综合运用了经济学、技术创新经济学、制度经济学、系统论等理论，以定性分析与定量分析相结合、规范分析与实证分析相结合、逻辑分析与历史分析相结合的方法研究了技术有效需求与供给的机理。本研究从以下几个方面展开：
首先，在对经济学意义上的需求与供给进行研究的基础上，结合技术自身的特点，给出了技术需求和技术供给的概念，分析了技术需求与供给的特性；
其次，界定了技术有效需求与技术有效供给的内涵，提出了实现技术有效需求与供给的路径，深入论证了技术有效需求和技术有效供给的关联，及其与技术创新的关系、对资源配置与经济增长的影响和作用；
再次，在分析资源与技术能力之间关系的基础上，定义了技术需求能力与供给能力的概念与内涵，剖析了技术需求能力与技术供给能力的特征及影响因素，提出了技术需求能力和技术供给能力测度的评价指标体系与评价方法；
进而，针对科技全球化背景下的企业技术外生和国家技术内生的趋势进行了深入研究，给出了技术供给外生化与内生化的内涵，剖析了企业技术外生化的产生原因、国家技术内生的背景、路径及对科技全球化下的跨国公司技术外溢效应的充分利用，指出发展中国家可以借助科技全球化，提高其技术供给能力和水平，实现技术的跨越式发展；
最后，在对制度与技术有效需求与供给进行研究的基础上，分析了经济制度、政治制度、科技制度、文化观念等对技术有效供给的影响与作用，从知识产权、企业、市场经济和政府的角度提出了促进技术有效供给的制度安排建议。
The development of world economy fully proves that technological innovation is the main and most effective way of turning the science and technology from the potential to real productive force and lead to the new pattern of global competition .In the tense international competition, technology without doubt serves as the fountain
Against the backdrop of integration of the development of world economy and technology, and with the globalization and localization of the R&D center of the multinational corporations worldwide, the research on technology demand, supply and its particular rules of development; on the effective demand and supply of specific economic system including state, regional and enterprise systems; on the construction and the evaluation system of the technology demand and supply to uplift its status in the global industry chain and value chain . These researches exert direct influence on the social, economic and technological development and enrich the content of neo-economics as well.
Benefited from and assimilated the research findings achieved by the forerunners, with the comprehensive references to theories in the fields of economics, techno- economics, technological innovation economics, institutional economics, developing economics, and system theory, and adopting the research techniques of qualitative and quantitative analysis; specs and case analysis; logical and historical analysis, the thesis makes studies in the following fields on effective technological demand and supply.
Firstly, based on the research on economical demand and supply, the author indicate the denotative meaning technological demand and supply, analyzes the characteristics and presents the definition of technological demand and supply.
Secondly, the definition of effective technological demand and supply is given. And method of achieving effective technological demand and supply is identified. Further studies are made on the relation of technological demand and supply and technological innovation and the influence they exerts on and roles they play in the economic development.
Thirdly, on the basis of the analysis of relation of the resources available and technological competence, the definition and the denotation of technological demand and supply competence are presented; analysis is made on their characteristics and influences they exert. And the evaluating indicators system and evaluating methods are presented as well.
Furthermore, further study is made on the trend of endogenesis and exogenesis of national technology and their connotations are identified as well. On the basis of the analysis on the origin of the endogenesis, on the background of national technology exogenesis, the paper points out that the developing countries are able to achieve leap forward development and improve their level of technological supply with the support of technology globalization.
At last, research is made on the rules under the guidance of which the effective technology supply is possibly achieved. Under the base of the study on system innovation and technology renovation, analyses are made on influences on the effective technology supply exerted by economic system, political system, science and technology system and cultural concept. Suggestions on institution constructions are presented from the angle of intellectual property, enterprises, marketing economy, and government supervision.
在全球经济和科技一体化的背景下，在跨国公司R&D全球化和本土化的趋势下，研究技术需求、技术供给及其特殊规律，研究系统(包括国家、地区和企业)的技术有效需求、有效供给及其实现路径，研究技术需求和供给能力的构成及评价体系，以提升经济系统在世界产业链和价值链中的地位和作用，不但直接关系到社会、经济和科技的发展，而且将丰富和发展创新经济学的主要内容。
本文在借鉴和吸收前人研究成果的基础上，综合运用了经济学、技术创新经济学、制度经济学、系统论等理论，以定性分析与定量分析相结合、规范分析与实证分析相结合、逻辑分析与历史分析相结合的方法研究了技术有效需求与供给的机理。本研究从以下几个方面展开：
首先，在对经济学意义上的需求与供给进行研究的基础上，结合技术自身的特点，给出了技术需求和技术供给的概念，分析了技术需求与供给的特性；
其次，界定了技术有效需求与技术有效供给的内涵，提出了实现技术有效需求与供给的路径，深入论证了技术有效需求和技术有效供给的关联，及其与技术创新的关系、对资源配置与经济增长的影响和作用；
再次，在分析资源与技术能力之间关系的基础上，定义了技术需求能力与供给能力的概念与内涵，剖析了技术需求能力与技术供给能力的特征及影响因素，提出了技术需求能力和技术供给能力测度的评价指标体系与评价方法；
进而，针对科技全球化背景下的企业技术外生和国家技术内生的趋势进行了深入研究，给出了技术供给外生化与内生化的内涵，剖析了企业技术外生化的产生原因、国家技术内生的背景、路径及对科技全球化下的跨国公司技术外溢效应的充分利用，指出发展中国家可以借助科技全球化，提高其技术供给能力和水平，实现技术的跨越式发展；
最后，在对制度与技术有效需求与供给进行研究的基础上，分析了经济制度、政治制度、科技制度、文化观念等对技术有效供给的影响与作用，从知识产权、企业、市场经济和政府的角度提出了促进技术有效供给的制度安排建议。
The development of world economy fully proves that technological innovation is the main and most effective way of turning the science and technology from the potential to real productive force and lead to the new pattern of global competition .In the tense international competition, technology without doubt serves as the fountain
Against the backdrop of integration of the development of world economy and technology, and with the globalization and localization of the R&D center of the multinational corporations worldwide, the research on technology demand, supply and its particular rules of development; on the effective demand and supply of specific economic system including state, regional and enterprise systems; on the construction and the evaluation system of the technology demand and supply to uplift its status in the global industry chain and value chain . These researches exert direct influence on the social, economic and technological development and enrich the content of neo-economics as well.
Benefited from and assimilated the research findings achieved by the forerunners, with the comprehensive references to theories in the fields of economics, techno- economics, technological innovation economics, institutional economics, developing economics, and system theory, and adopting the research techniques of qualitative and quantitative analysis; specs and case analysis; logical and historical analysis, the thesis makes studies in the following fields on effective technological demand and supply.
Firstly, based on the research on economical demand and supply, the author indicate the denotative meaning technological demand and supply, analyzes the characteristics and presents the definition of technological demand and supply.
Secondly, the definition of effective technological demand and supply is given. And method of achieving effective technological demand and supply is identified. Further studies are made on the relation of technological demand and supply and technological innovation and the influence they exerts on and roles they play in the economic development.
Thirdly, on the basis of the analysis of relation of the resources available and technological competence, the definition and the denotation of technological demand and supply competence are presented; analysis is made on their characteristics and influences they exert. And the evaluating indicators system and evaluating methods are presented as well.
Furthermore, further study is made on the trend of endogenesis and exogenesis of national technology and their connotations are identified as well. On the basis of the analysis on the origin of the endogenesis, on the background of national technology exogenesis, the paper points out that the developing countries are able to achieve leap forward development and improve their level of technological supply with the support of technology globalization.
At last, research is made on the rules under the guidance of which the effective technology supply is possibly achieved. Under the base of the study on system innovation and technology renovation, analyses are made on influences on the effective technology supply exerted by economic system, political system, science and technology system and cultural concept. Suggestions on institution constructions are presented from the angle of intellectual property, enterprises, marketing economy, and government supervision.
引文
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