短肢剪力墙基本性能计算机仿真分析
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摘要
我国现代化建设正处于高速发展时期，出现大量经济效益很好的新型结构形式，但由于研究资金的不足，造成理论无法指导实际运用的情况。计算机模拟试验的出现可以解决了这个问题，使有限的研究资金发挥出无限的作用。而且它可以进行1：1的模型试验，避免出现进行小比例试验所产生的“失真”现象；它还可以反复多次进行同一个试验，能够更加全面观察模型上所有点的受力情况，能够更加准确测量出模型的变形和应力。
短肢剪力墙结构体系作为一种新型的高层结构体系，其在结构性能方面既具有框架和剪力墙结构的双重特点，又有区别于框架和剪力墙的许多新特点。目前，国内外对该结构体系的理论及试验研究仍主要以结构整体性能分析为主，在构件水平上所作的研究工作较少。论文认为，该种结构体系的力学表现归根到底是由于采用了异形截面短肢剪力墙这种新型的抗侧力构件。
论文根据计算机仿真原理的基本思路，运用有限元原理对T形和L形短肢剪力墙试件进行了拟静力和拟动力的模拟试验。试验采用24个自由度的空间八结点单元建立了短肢剪力墙空间分析有限元模型，运用空间非线性有限元方法进行仿真计算，揭示了T形和L形短肢剪力墙的基本工作性能。在拟静力试验中对T形和L形短肢剪力墙分别进行了四组试验，通过对试验结果的分析，揭示了混凝土等级、截面配筋率、轴压比和墙肢截面高厚比等因素对短肢剪力墙承载力和变形的影响。为了进一步了解短肢剪力墙在实际地震波作用下的性能，论文对T形和L形短肢剪力墙试件在地震波作用下进行了模拟试验，绘出了短肢剪力墙的滞回曲线和变形图形，揭示了短肢剪力墙在动荷载作用下的抗震性能。并且研究了在动荷载作用下混凝土等级、截面配筋率和墙肢截面高厚比等因素对短肢剪力墙抗震性能的影响。
With rapid development of civil construction, there are some new structure systems that are some well beneficial result structure in economy. Because of lack of fond in research, these structure systems cannot be well used in fact. Now people are adopting the simulation test to resolve this question. And, withal, 1:1 scale specimen can be employed in simulation test that can avoid appearing the 'distortion' in the scale-down test. In simulation test, the same test can be made times without number and results of test are more full-scale and exact.
As a new structure system, the short-leg walls system has the characters of both frame-structure and shear-wall structure, but it also has some new characters of its own. So far, most of the studies and experiments of this newly developed structure system are carried out on the whole structure. Few works are conducted on members level. This paper argues that it is the adoption of the new anti-literal force members that results in the specific behaviors of the system.
Based on computer simulation theory and finite element analysis method, this paper the simulation test was done on T-shaped and L-shaped short-leg shear wall, which revealed the basic property of them. In simulation analysis, a spatial unit that has eight node and 24 degree of freedom compose finite element model, and spatial non-linear finite element analysis method is adopted to calculate. In static test, T-shaped and L-shaped specimens were respectively divided into four groups according to concrete strength grades, sectional height to thickness ratio, reinforcement ratio and ratio of axial compressive force to axial compressive ultimate capacity of section. How these factors affect the load-carrying and deformation of short-leg shear wall is known by analysis the result. In kinematics similarity test, test simulates specimens in earthquake action. By the hysteretic curve, anti-seismic property of T-shaped and L-shaped short-leg shear wall can be realized.
短肢剪力墙结构体系作为一种新型的高层结构体系，其在结构性能方面既具有框架和剪力墙结构的双重特点，又有区别于框架和剪力墙的许多新特点。目前，国内外对该结构体系的理论及试验研究仍主要以结构整体性能分析为主，在构件水平上所作的研究工作较少。论文认为，该种结构体系的力学表现归根到底是由于采用了异形截面短肢剪力墙这种新型的抗侧力构件。
论文根据计算机仿真原理的基本思路，运用有限元原理对T形和L形短肢剪力墙试件进行了拟静力和拟动力的模拟试验。试验采用24个自由度的空间八结点单元建立了短肢剪力墙空间分析有限元模型，运用空间非线性有限元方法进行仿真计算，揭示了T形和L形短肢剪力墙的基本工作性能。在拟静力试验中对T形和L形短肢剪力墙分别进行了四组试验，通过对试验结果的分析，揭示了混凝土等级、截面配筋率、轴压比和墙肢截面高厚比等因素对短肢剪力墙承载力和变形的影响。为了进一步了解短肢剪力墙在实际地震波作用下的性能，论文对T形和L形短肢剪力墙试件在地震波作用下进行了模拟试验，绘出了短肢剪力墙的滞回曲线和变形图形，揭示了短肢剪力墙在动荷载作用下的抗震性能。并且研究了在动荷载作用下混凝土等级、截面配筋率和墙肢截面高厚比等因素对短肢剪力墙抗震性能的影响。
With rapid development of civil construction, there are some new structure systems that are some well beneficial result structure in economy. Because of lack of fond in research, these structure systems cannot be well used in fact. Now people are adopting the simulation test to resolve this question. And, withal, 1:1 scale specimen can be employed in simulation test that can avoid appearing the 'distortion' in the scale-down test. In simulation test, the same test can be made times without number and results of test are more full-scale and exact.
As a new structure system, the short-leg walls system has the characters of both frame-structure and shear-wall structure, but it also has some new characters of its own. So far, most of the studies and experiments of this newly developed structure system are carried out on the whole structure. Few works are conducted on members level. This paper argues that it is the adoption of the new anti-literal force members that results in the specific behaviors of the system.
Based on computer simulation theory and finite element analysis method, this paper the simulation test was done on T-shaped and L-shaped short-leg shear wall, which revealed the basic property of them. In simulation analysis, a spatial unit that has eight node and 24 degree of freedom compose finite element model, and spatial non-linear finite element analysis method is adopted to calculate. In static test, T-shaped and L-shaped specimens were respectively divided into four groups according to concrete strength grades, sectional height to thickness ratio, reinforcement ratio and ratio of axial compressive force to axial compressive ultimate capacity of section. How these factors affect the load-carrying and deformation of short-leg shear wall is known by analysis the result. In kinematics similarity test, test simulates specimens in earthquake action. By the hysteretic curve, anti-seismic property of T-shaped and L-shaped short-leg shear wall can be realized.
引文
[1] 高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程(JGJ3-2002)[S]，北京：2002．6
[2] 包世华，方鄂华：高层建筑结构设计，第二版，清华大学出版社，1990
[3] 梁启智：高层建筑结构分析与设计，华南理工大学出版社，1992
[4] 容柏生：高层住宅建筑中的短肢剪力墙体系，建筑结构学报，1997年第6期
[5] 刘平昌：关于短肢剪力墙——内核心筒结构抗震设计研究与应用，第16届全国高层建筑结构学术交流会论文集，中国建筑科学研究院主编，上海，2000
[6] 何广乾：面向21世纪的高层建筑结构，第16届全国高层建筑结构学术交流会论文集，中国建筑科学研究院主编，上海，2000
[7] 张晋，吕志涛等：异形柱框轻和短肢剪力墙住宅结构体系，建筑结构，2001年第7期
[8] 程文骧等：短肢剪力墙的设计和研究，建筑结构，2001年第7期
[9] 孙可俭：钢筋混凝土抗震结构的延性及延性设计，呼和浩特：内蒙古人民出版社．1995．92-96
[10] 陈绍革等：短肢剪力墙结构振动台试验研究，建筑科学，2000年第1期
[11] 王泳嘉等：离散单元法及其在岩土力学中的应用．沈阳，东北大学出版社，1991
[12] Motohiko Hakuno, Kimiro Meguro. Simulation of Concrete-frame Collapse Due to Dynamic Loading. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1993; 119(9): 1709-1723
[13] 江见鲸，贺小岗：工程结构计算机仿真，北京，清华大学出版社，1996
[14] 顾祥林，顾蕙若，孙飞飞等：钢筋混凝土简支梁的计算机模拟试验系统，同济大学学报，1994；(增刊)
[15] 顾祥林，孙飞飞：钢筋混凝土框架单调加载试验的计算机仿真系统，同济大学学报，1996，24(4)
[16] Gu X L, Li C. Computer Simulation for Reinforced Concrete Structures Demolished by Controlled Explosion, Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, ASCE, 2000
[17] F.Wantanbe: "Complete Stress-Strain Curve for Concrete in Concentrical Compression", Intern, Conf. on Mechanical Behavior of Materials. Vol.4 1971.
[18] E. Hognestad et al: "Concrete Stress Distribution in Ultimate Strength Design", Journ. of ACI, Dec, 1955.
[19] "CEB-FIP Model Code for Concrete Structures", Vol. Ⅱ,1978.
[20] R. Park, et al: "Reinforced Concrete Structures" 1975.
[21] D.C. Kent, et al: "Flexural Members with Confined Concrete", Proc. of ASCE, St. 7
July, 1971.
[22] M. Sargin: "Stress-Strain Relationships of Concrete and The Analysis of Structural Concrete Sections" 1971.
[23] P. T. Wang, et al: "Stress-Strain Relationships for Concrete under Cyclic Loading", Journ. of ACI. Feb., 1964.
[24] 王传志，滕智明：钢筋混凝土结构理论，中国建筑工业出版社，1985
[25] Park R, Paulay T. Reinforced Concrete Structures. The United State of American: John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
[26] 过镇海：钢筋混凝土原理，清华大学出版社，1999
[27] 顾祥林，孙飞飞：混凝土结构的计算机仿真，同济大学出版社，2002
[28] 王焕定等：有限元法及计算程序，中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[29] 钟光珞等：有限元单元法及程序设计，陕西科学技术出版社，1997
[30] 易日：使用ANSYS 6.0进行静力学分析，北京大学出版社，2002
[31] 李皓月等：ANSYS工程计算应用教程，中国铁道出版社，2003
[32] 陆新征，江见鲸：用ANSYS Solid65单元分析混凝土组合构件复杂应力，建筑结构，第33卷第6期，2003，6，22～24
[33] 朱伯龙，董振祥：钢筋混凝土非线性分析，同济大学出版社，1985
[34] 王荫长，李青宁等编著：结构力学，冶金工业出版社，1992
[35] 龙驭球：新型有限元引论，修订版，清华大学出版社，1996
[36] 梁兴文，史庆轩，童岳生编著：钢筋混凝土结构设计，科学技术文献出版社，1998
[37] 王焕定，吴德伦主编：有限单元法及计算程序，中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[38] 张为民：塑性力学辅导，西安建筑科技大学出版社，1997
[39] 徐芝纶：简明弹性力学教程，第二版，高等教育出版社，1983
[40] 建筑抗震设计规范(GBJ11-89)，北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1989
[2] 包世华，方鄂华：高层建筑结构设计，第二版，清华大学出版社，1990
[3] 梁启智：高层建筑结构分析与设计，华南理工大学出版社，1992
[4] 容柏生：高层住宅建筑中的短肢剪力墙体系，建筑结构学报，1997年第6期
[5] 刘平昌：关于短肢剪力墙——内核心筒结构抗震设计研究与应用，第16届全国高层建筑结构学术交流会论文集，中国建筑科学研究院主编，上海，2000
[6] 何广乾：面向21世纪的高层建筑结构，第16届全国高层建筑结构学术交流会论文集，中国建筑科学研究院主编，上海，2000
[7] 张晋，吕志涛等：异形柱框轻和短肢剪力墙住宅结构体系，建筑结构，2001年第7期
[8] 程文骧等：短肢剪力墙的设计和研究，建筑结构，2001年第7期
[9] 孙可俭：钢筋混凝土抗震结构的延性及延性设计，呼和浩特：内蒙古人民出版社．1995．92-96
[10] 陈绍革等：短肢剪力墙结构振动台试验研究，建筑科学，2000年第1期
[11] 王泳嘉等：离散单元法及其在岩土力学中的应用．沈阳，东北大学出版社，1991
[12] Motohiko Hakuno, Kimiro Meguro. Simulation of Concrete-frame Collapse Due to Dynamic Loading. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1993; 119(9): 1709-1723
[13] 江见鲸，贺小岗：工程结构计算机仿真，北京，清华大学出版社，1996
[14] 顾祥林，顾蕙若，孙飞飞等：钢筋混凝土简支梁的计算机模拟试验系统，同济大学学报，1994；(增刊)
[15] 顾祥林，孙飞飞：钢筋混凝土框架单调加载试验的计算机仿真系统，同济大学学报，1996，24(4)
[16] Gu X L, Li C. Computer Simulation for Reinforced Concrete Structures Demolished by Controlled Explosion, Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, ASCE, 2000
[17] F.Wantanbe: "Complete Stress-Strain Curve for Concrete in Concentrical Compression", Intern, Conf. on Mechanical Behavior of Materials. Vol.4 1971.
[18] E. Hognestad et al: "Concrete Stress Distribution in Ultimate Strength Design", Journ. of ACI, Dec, 1955.
[19] "CEB-FIP Model Code for Concrete Structures", Vol. Ⅱ,1978.
[20] R. Park, et al: "Reinforced Concrete Structures" 1975.
[21] D.C. Kent, et al: "Flexural Members with Confined Concrete", Proc. of ASCE, St. 7
July, 1971.
[22] M. Sargin: "Stress-Strain Relationships of Concrete and The Analysis of Structural Concrete Sections" 1971.
[23] P. T. Wang, et al: "Stress-Strain Relationships for Concrete under Cyclic Loading", Journ. of ACI. Feb., 1964.
[24] 王传志，滕智明：钢筋混凝土结构理论，中国建筑工业出版社，1985
[25] Park R, Paulay T. Reinforced Concrete Structures. The United State of American: John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
[26] 过镇海：钢筋混凝土原理，清华大学出版社，1999
[27] 顾祥林，孙飞飞：混凝土结构的计算机仿真，同济大学出版社，2002
[28] 王焕定等：有限元法及计算程序，中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[29] 钟光珞等：有限元单元法及程序设计，陕西科学技术出版社，1997
[30] 易日：使用ANSYS 6.0进行静力学分析，北京大学出版社，2002
[31] 李皓月等：ANSYS工程计算应用教程，中国铁道出版社，2003
[32] 陆新征，江见鲸：用ANSYS Solid65单元分析混凝土组合构件复杂应力，建筑结构，第33卷第6期，2003，6，22～24
[33] 朱伯龙，董振祥：钢筋混凝土非线性分析，同济大学出版社，1985
[34] 王荫长，李青宁等编著：结构力学，冶金工业出版社，1992
[35] 龙驭球：新型有限元引论，修订版，清华大学出版社，1996
[36] 梁兴文，史庆轩，童岳生编著：钢筋混凝土结构设计，科学技术文献出版社，1998
[37] 王焕定，吴德伦主编：有限单元法及计算程序，中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[38] 张为民：塑性力学辅导，西安建筑科技大学出版社，1997
[39] 徐芝纶：简明弹性力学教程，第二版，高等教育出版社，1983
[40] 建筑抗震设计规范(GBJ11-89)，北京，中国建筑工业出版社，1989