高速互联总线关键技术研究和实现
摘要
随着信息处理以及多媒体技术的发展,在分布式计算机系统中,原有的低速互联总线已经无法满足相互间数据实时传输的性能要求,因此,为节约成本并且缩短开发周期,在原系统上采用先进的调制方式、充分利用信道带宽开发高速互联总线有着重要的实用意义。
本文主要对以OFDM技术为核心的高速互联总线开发中的相关模块做了研究与实现。文中首先结合OFDM的主要优势做了项目应用的可行性分析,阐述了它的基本原理;其次,将OFDM峰均比问题作为研究对象,通过对各种峰均比抑制方法速度和运算复杂度方面的比较,最终选择一种自适应μ律压扩算法来降低系统的峰均比,按照项目中的实际参数要求对算法进行了matlab仿真分析,并主要在FPGA平台上采用了流水线方式设计了发送端压扩运算模块,提高了运行速度。在总线接收端,实现了一种改进的乒乓操作对接A/D采样的高速数据流低速处理的控制方法,保证了信号的完整接收;同时,对系统PCI通信接口部分进行了设计,按照速度要求,利用PLX9054桥接芯片的DMA方式实现了物理层和应用层之间100MB/s的数据传输。最后,总结了全文并提出了今后工作的改进之处。
Withthedevelopmentofinformationprocessingandmulti-media,theoriginallow-velocityinterconnectionbuscannotmeettheneedofreal-timedatatransmissionindistributedcomputersystem.Therefore,itisverymeaningfultoexploitahigh-speedinterconnectionbusbyutilizingadvancedmodulationintheexistingsystemtomakefulluseofthechannelbandwidthsoastoreducedevelopmentcostandcycle.
Inthisthesis,thecorrespondingmethodsofimplementinghigh-speedinterconnectiontechniquebusbasedonOFDMareresearched.Firstly,thefeasibilityanalysisoftheprojectonthebasisofmainsuperiorityandtheprincipleofOFDMisgiven.Then,tosolvethehighPAPRofOFDM,anadaptiveμrulecompandingalgorithmisadoptedbycomparingkindsofreleventwaysinvolvedwithcomputationspeedandcomplexity,additionally,matlabsimulationisdonewiththeparameterssetintheprojectandpipe-linearchitectureisusedtorealizethenaturelogarithmonFPGAplatformtoacceleratethecompandingmodule.Inordertoprocesshigh-ratedatastreamsampledfromA/Dintime,animprovedping-pongoperationwhichwellcoordinatessamplingandprocessingrateisdesigned.Accordingtotherequirementoftransmissionrate,inthedesignofPCIcommunicationinterface,DMAtransmissionatthespeedof100MB/sfordataexchangebetweenphysicallayerandapplicationlayerisimplementedthroughPCIbridgechipPLX9054.Finally,conclusionofthewholeessayisgivenandimprovementforfutureworkisproposed.
本文主要对以OFDM技术为核心的高速互联总线开发中的相关模块做了研究与实现。文中首先结合OFDM的主要优势做了项目应用的可行性分析,阐述了它的基本原理;其次,将OFDM峰均比问题作为研究对象,通过对各种峰均比抑制方法速度和运算复杂度方面的比较,最终选择一种自适应μ律压扩算法来降低系统的峰均比,按照项目中的实际参数要求对算法进行了matlab仿真分析,并主要在FPGA平台上采用了流水线方式设计了发送端压扩运算模块,提高了运行速度。在总线接收端,实现了一种改进的乒乓操作对接A/D采样的高速数据流低速处理的控制方法,保证了信号的完整接收;同时,对系统PCI通信接口部分进行了设计,按照速度要求,利用PLX9054桥接芯片的DMA方式实现了物理层和应用层之间100MB/s的数据传输。最后,总结了全文并提出了今后工作的改进之处。
Withthedevelopmentofinformationprocessingandmulti-media,theoriginallow-velocityinterconnectionbuscannotmeettheneedofreal-timedatatransmissionindistributedcomputersystem.Therefore,itisverymeaningfultoexploitahigh-speedinterconnectionbusbyutilizingadvancedmodulationintheexistingsystemtomakefulluseofthechannelbandwidthsoastoreducedevelopmentcostandcycle.
Inthisthesis,thecorrespondingmethodsofimplementinghigh-speedinterconnectiontechniquebusbasedonOFDMareresearched.Firstly,thefeasibilityanalysisoftheprojectonthebasisofmainsuperiorityandtheprincipleofOFDMisgiven.Then,tosolvethehighPAPRofOFDM,anadaptiveμrulecompandingalgorithmisadoptedbycomparingkindsofreleventwaysinvolvedwithcomputationspeedandcomplexity,additionally,matlabsimulationisdonewiththeparameterssetintheprojectandpipe-linearchitectureisusedtorealizethenaturelogarithmonFPGAplatformtoacceleratethecompandingmodule.Inordertoprocesshigh-ratedatastreamsampledfromA/Dintime,animprovedping-pongoperationwhichwellcoordinatessamplingandprocessingrateisdesigned.Accordingtotherequirementoftransmissionrate,inthedesignofPCIcommunicationinterface,DMAtransmissionatthespeedof100MB/sfordataexchangebetweenphysicallayerandapplicationlayerisimplementedthroughPCIbridgechipPLX9054.Finally,conclusionofthewholeessayisgivenandimprovementforfutureworkisproposed.
引文
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[12]ZhihuaZhang,YuchengWu,JianhuiHou.,Animprovedschemeofreducingpeak-to-averagepowerratioinOFDMsystems.EmergingTechnologies:FrontiersofMobileandWirelessCommunication,2004.ProceedingsoftheIEEE6thCircuitsandSystemsSymposiumonVolume:2.31May-2June2004,pp:467-471.
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[20]Ochiai.H,Anoveltrellis-shapingdesignwithbothpeakandaveragepowerreductionforOFDMsystems,IEEETrans.Commun,vol.52(11),pp.1916~1926,2004.
[21]张辉,曹丽娜.现代通信原理与技术.西安电子科技大学出版社.
[22]汪裕民.OFDM关键技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2006.
[23]俞鹤伟.降低OFDM系统峰均比的压扩算法对系统误码率的影响.电视技术2006年第5期.
[24]佟学俭,罗涛.OFDM移动通信技术原理与应用.北京人民邮电出版社.2003.
[25]张海滨.正交频分复用的基本原理与关键技术.北京:国防工业出版社.2006.
[26]谭泽富,聂祥飞,王海宝.OFDM的关键技术及应用.西南交通大学出版社.2005.
[27]苏青霄.OFDM系统峰均功率比的研究.华中师范大学硕士学位论文.2007.
[28]沈亮.基于OFDM系统峰均比问题的研究与FPGA实现.东南大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[29]刘成德.OFDM系统中降低PAPR技术的研究.硕士研究生论文.哈尔滨工程大学.2007.
[30]智慧川,曾志斌.OFDM系统峰均比压缩技术的研究.中国传媒大学学报自然科学版.第16卷第3期.2009.
[31]HuaYuandGangWei,StatisticalDistributionoftheSignalPARinthePracticalOFDMSystems.Communications.CircuitsandSystemsProceedings.2006InternationalConferenceon25-28June2006.pp:1235–1239.
[32]HOchiai,HImai.Onthedistributionofthepeak-to-averagepowerratioinOFDMsignals.IEEETransonComm.Feb2001.49(2),pp:282~289.
[33]李贵山,陈金鹏.PCI局部总线原理与应用.西安电子科技大学出版社.2005.
[34]侯伯亨,顾新.VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2000.
[35]李刚,万里,林凌.基于FPGA的自然对数变换器的设计与实现.电子产品世界2008.
[36]EDA先锋工作室.吴继华,王诚.AlteraFPGA/CPLD设计(高级篇).北京:人民邮电出版社.2005.
[37]和志强,薛世建.基于PCI总线的高速大容量数据采集卡.数据采集与处理.2004(12):463-466.
[38](美)贝克,洛泽诺.Wlndows加0设备驱动程序设计指南.北京:机械工业出版社.2001.
[39]郑阿奇.VisualC++实用教程.第2版.北京:电子工业出版社.2003.
[40]PCI9054DataBook.
[2]A.F.Molisch.,WidebandWirelessDigitalCommunications.PearsonEducationInc.2001.
[3]LittleR,Advancedavionicsformilitaryneeds[J].Computing&ControlEng.J.,1991,Vol.2:29-34.
[4]MichaelG.hegarty,ExtendingMIL-STD-1553bandwidth:astudyofimpairments,EMI,andchannelcapacity,ProceedingsofSPIE,2004.
[5]J.Leonard,Jr.Cimini.,Analysisandsimulationofadigitalmobilechannelusingorthogonalfrequency-divisionmultiplexing.IEEETransonComm.1985,7,33(7).665-675.
[6]HangjunChenandAlexanderM.Haimovich,SeniorMember,IEEEIterativeEstimationandCancellationofClippingNoiseforOFDMSignalsIEEECOMMUNICATIONSLETTERS,VOL.7,NO.7,JULY2003.
[7]FanPingyi,XiaXianggen.,Blockcodedmodulationforthereductionofthepeak-to-averagepowerratioinOFDMsystemIEEETransactions,1999,45(4),1025-1029P
[8]J.Armstrong.,Peak-to-averagepowerreductionforOFDMbyrepeatedclippingandfrequencydomainfiltering.Electronicsletters.Feb.2002,V01.38(5):246-247.
[9]R.vanNeeandA.deWilde,ReducingthePeaktoAveragePowerRatioofOFDM,inProceedingsoftheIEEEVehicularTechnologyConference,1998,pp.2072-2076.
[10]X.Wang,T.T.Tjhung,C.S.Ng,.ReductionofPeak-to-AveragePowerRatioofOFDMSystemUsingACompandingTechnique.IEEETransactionsonBroadcasting.Sep.1999,Vol.45(3):303-307.
[11]X.Huang,J.Lu,J.L.Zheng,J.Chuang,J.Gu.,Reductionofpeak-to-averagepowerratioofOFDMsignalswithcompandingtransform.Electronicsletters.Apr.2001,Vol.37(8):506-507.
[12]ZhihuaZhang,YuchengWu,JianhuiHou.,Animprovedschemeofreducingpeak-to-averagepowerratioinOFDMsystems.EmergingTechnologies:FrontiersofMobileandWirelessCommunication,2004.ProceedingsoftheIEEE6thCircuitsandSystemsSymposiumonVolume:2.31May-2June2004,pp:467-471.
[13]RatAbdraka,AsurveyofCORDICalgorithmsforFPGAbasedcomputers,AndrakaConsultingGroup,Inc,16ArcadiaDriveNorthKingtown,RI02852.
[14]T.R.Rao,A.Giulietti.,Aperformancestudyonthe802.11gWLANOFDMsystem.ComputerasaTool,EUROCON2005.
[15]Y.H.Hu,CORDIC-basedVLSIarchitecturesfordigitalsignalprocessing,IEEESignalProcessingMagazine,pp.16-35,July1992.
[16]C.C.LiandS.G.Chen,ARadix-4RedundantCORDICAlgorithmwithFastOn-LineVariableScaleFactorCompensation,Proc.ofIEEEICASSP’97,Munich,Germany.
[17]Jen-ChuanChihandSau-GeeChen,AFastCORDICAlgorithmBasedOnaNovelAngleRecordingScheme,ISCAS2000–IEEEInternationalSymposiumonCircuitandSystems,May28-31,2000.
[18]HuangXiao,LuJianhua,ZhengJunli,etal.,Compandingtransformforreductioninpeak-to-averagepowerratioofOFDMsignals[J].IEEETransonWirelessCommunications,2004,3;2030-2039.
[19]K.H.W.ChoYS,YounDH.,"OncompensatingnonlineardistortionsofanOFDMsystemusinganefficientadaptivepredistorter.,"IEEETrans.Commun,vol.47(4),pp.522-526,1999.
[20]Ochiai.H,Anoveltrellis-shapingdesignwithbothpeakandaveragepowerreductionforOFDMsystems,IEEETrans.Commun,vol.52(11),pp.1916~1926,2004.
[21]张辉,曹丽娜.现代通信原理与技术.西安电子科技大学出版社.
[22]汪裕民.OFDM关键技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2006.
[23]俞鹤伟.降低OFDM系统峰均比的压扩算法对系统误码率的影响.电视技术2006年第5期.
[24]佟学俭,罗涛.OFDM移动通信技术原理与应用.北京人民邮电出版社.2003.
[25]张海滨.正交频分复用的基本原理与关键技术.北京:国防工业出版社.2006.
[26]谭泽富,聂祥飞,王海宝.OFDM的关键技术及应用.西南交通大学出版社.2005.
[27]苏青霄.OFDM系统峰均功率比的研究.华中师范大学硕士学位论文.2007.
[28]沈亮.基于OFDM系统峰均比问题的研究与FPGA实现.东南大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[29]刘成德.OFDM系统中降低PAPR技术的研究.硕士研究生论文.哈尔滨工程大学.2007.
[30]智慧川,曾志斌.OFDM系统峰均比压缩技术的研究.中国传媒大学学报自然科学版.第16卷第3期.2009.
[31]HuaYuandGangWei,StatisticalDistributionoftheSignalPARinthePracticalOFDMSystems.Communications.CircuitsandSystemsProceedings.2006InternationalConferenceon25-28June2006.pp:1235–1239.
[32]HOchiai,HImai.Onthedistributionofthepeak-to-averagepowerratioinOFDMsignals.IEEETransonComm.Feb2001.49(2),pp:282~289.
[33]李贵山,陈金鹏.PCI局部总线原理与应用.西安电子科技大学出版社.2005.
[34]侯伯亨,顾新.VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2000.
[35]李刚,万里,林凌.基于FPGA的自然对数变换器的设计与实现.电子产品世界2008.
[36]EDA先锋工作室.吴继华,王诚.AlteraFPGA/CPLD设计(高级篇).北京:人民邮电出版社.2005.
[37]和志强,薛世建.基于PCI总线的高速大容量数据采集卡.数据采集与处理.2004(12):463-466.
[38](美)贝克,洛泽诺.Wlndows加0设备驱动程序设计指南.北京:机械工业出版社.2001.
[39]郑阿奇.VisualC++实用教程.第2版.北京:电子工业出版社.2003.
[40]PCI9054DataBook.