OFDM无线通信系统中抑制峰均比的研究
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摘要
由于对频率选择性衰落的强抵抗能力以及高频谱利用率等原因，正交频分复用技术在宽带通信系统中得到越来越广泛的应用。
正交频分复用系统的一个主要缺点是高峰均功率比。系统输出符号功率的过大变化范围，要求系统中的功率放大器、数／模转换器和模／数转换器等部件有足够大的动态范围，这将导致这些部件的低效率；一旦这些部件的动态范围不能达到要求，会引起削波失真，系统通信质量下降。因此，在实际的系统中，峰均功率比的抑制是必不可少的任务。
本论文在对正交频分复用进行广泛和深入调研的基础上，提出了开展正交频分复用峰均功率比抑制技术研究的可行性和必要性。根据IEEE 802.11a无线局域网标准，完成基于Matlab的发射机物理层仿真系统以及系统整体性能分析等功能。提出一种峰均功率比抑制的相位扰动方法。子载波调制矢量包括信息元分量和抑制元分量。信息元相位扰动操作根据具体情况实施，抑制元相位扰动采取向量空间扫描的方式完成。提出一种峰均功率比抑制的差分回归法，在对信息伪随机化的基础上，在频域对符号相位差分编码，在时域对采样值回归处理。
本论文的研究达到了预期目标，实现了无线局域网系统的低峰均功率比设计。
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) receives more and more deployment in many wireless multi-carrier communication systems due to a variety of attractive performances such as its robustness to the frequency-selective channel and high spectrum efficiency.
A main drawback of OFDM is high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR/PAR). An excessive fluctuation of the symbol power demands adequate dynamic scope of such components as high power amplifier, AID converter and D/A converter, which leads to low efficiency of these parts. Once such a demand cannot be met, clipping distortion would be introduced and system performance degrades. In practical systems, the suppression of PAR is indispensable.
The thesis shows the feasibility and necessity of research on PAPR suppression of OFDM on the basis of a thorough survey of OFDM technology. Based on the specification of IEEE 802.11a WLAN standard, a simulation system for physical layer is completed with Matlab 6.5, which includes such functions as transmitter and system performance evaluation. A scheme named Phase Scrambling is proposed for the suppression of PAPR. The modulating vectors for the subcarriers consist of the information-bearing components and the reduction components. The scrambling of the information components is optional and the scrambling of the reduction components is achieved by vector space scanning. A Differential Recursive scheme for PAPR suppression is put forward. The pseudo-randomized modulating vector to the subcarrier series is differentially phase-encoded between successive components in frequency domain, while recursion manipulates several samples in time domain.
Research in the thesis gains the expected ends with ease of hardware implementation, realizing the design of wireless OFDM communication systems with low PAPR.
正交频分复用系统的一个主要缺点是高峰均功率比。系统输出符号功率的过大变化范围，要求系统中的功率放大器、数／模转换器和模／数转换器等部件有足够大的动态范围，这将导致这些部件的低效率；一旦这些部件的动态范围不能达到要求，会引起削波失真，系统通信质量下降。因此，在实际的系统中，峰均功率比的抑制是必不可少的任务。
本论文在对正交频分复用进行广泛和深入调研的基础上，提出了开展正交频分复用峰均功率比抑制技术研究的可行性和必要性。根据IEEE 802.11a无线局域网标准，完成基于Matlab的发射机物理层仿真系统以及系统整体性能分析等功能。提出一种峰均功率比抑制的相位扰动方法。子载波调制矢量包括信息元分量和抑制元分量。信息元相位扰动操作根据具体情况实施，抑制元相位扰动采取向量空间扫描的方式完成。提出一种峰均功率比抑制的差分回归法，在对信息伪随机化的基础上，在频域对符号相位差分编码，在时域对采样值回归处理。
本论文的研究达到了预期目标，实现了无线局域网系统的低峰均功率比设计。
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) receives more and more deployment in many wireless multi-carrier communication systems due to a variety of attractive performances such as its robustness to the frequency-selective channel and high spectrum efficiency.
A main drawback of OFDM is high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR/PAR). An excessive fluctuation of the symbol power demands adequate dynamic scope of such components as high power amplifier, AID converter and D/A converter, which leads to low efficiency of these parts. Once such a demand cannot be met, clipping distortion would be introduced and system performance degrades. In practical systems, the suppression of PAR is indispensable.
The thesis shows the feasibility and necessity of research on PAPR suppression of OFDM on the basis of a thorough survey of OFDM technology. Based on the specification of IEEE 802.11a WLAN standard, a simulation system for physical layer is completed with Matlab 6.5, which includes such functions as transmitter and system performance evaluation. A scheme named Phase Scrambling is proposed for the suppression of PAPR. The modulating vectors for the subcarriers consist of the information-bearing components and the reduction components. The scrambling of the information components is optional and the scrambling of the reduction components is achieved by vector space scanning. A Differential Recursive scheme for PAPR suppression is put forward. The pseudo-randomized modulating vector to the subcarrier series is differentially phase-encoded between successive components in frequency domain, while recursion manipulates several samples in time domain.
Research in the thesis gains the expected ends with ease of hardware implementation, realizing the design of wireless OFDM communication systems with low PAPR.
引文
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[2] J. Chuang and N. Sollenberger. Beyond 3G: Wideband wireless data access basedon OFDM and dynamic packet assignment. IEEE Communication Magazine, 2000,38(7): 78-87
[3] P. Chaudury, W. Mohr and S. Onoe. The 3GPP proposal for IMT-2000. IEEECommunication Magazine, 1999, 37(12): 72-81
[4] William Y. Zou and Yiyan Wu. COFDM: an overview. IEEE Transactions onBroadcasting, 1995,41(1): 1-8
[5] M. L. Doelz, E. T. Heald and D. L. Martin. Binary data transmission techniques forlinear systems. Proc. IRE, 1957,45: 656-661
[6] http://users.ece.gatech.edu/-live/ECE6602/ofdm tutorial.pdf
[7] P. A. Bello. Selective fading limitations of the KATHRYN modem and somesystem design considerations. IEEE Transaction Communication Technology, 1965,13(9): 320-333
[8] R. W. Chang and R. A. Gibbey. A theoretical study of performance of an orthogonal multiplexing data transmission scheme. IEEE Transaction Communication Technology, 1968, COM-16 (4): 529-540
[9] D. A. Shnidman. A generalized Nyquist criterion and an optimum linear receiver for a pulse modulation system. Bell System Technical Journal, 1967, 46:2163-2177
[10]B. Saltzberg. Performance of an efficient parallel data transmission system. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1967, 15(6): 805-811
[11]S. Weinstein and P. Ebert. Data transmission by frequency division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1971,19(5): 628-634
[12] A. Peled and A. Ruiz. Frequency domain data transmission using reduced computational complexity algorithms. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1980, 1:964～967
[13] L. Jr. Cimini, J. C. -I. Chuang, and N. R. Sollenberger. Advanced Cellular Internet Service (ACIS). IEEE Communications Magazine, 1998, 36(10): 150～159
[14] L. Jr. Cimini. Analysis and simulation of a digital mobile channel using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. IEEE Transactions on Communication, 1985, 33(7): 665～675
[15] 王波 宽带网发展的技术实现，天津工业大学学报，2001：80～83
[16] 门汝静 全球DSL最新进展及发展趋势，通信世界，2007：1～2
[17] 何小玉VDSL2技术与应用研究，通信世界，2007，3～4
[18] 王宇 无线局域网基本原理及前沿应用，中国数据通信，2003，34～39
[19] 王晖，骆剑平HIPERLAN／2和IEEE802.11a无线局域网标准评析，深圳大学学报(理工版)，2004，15～23
[20] 李鹏，张春业，韩旭东 最新WLAN协议802.11g物理层性能分析，重庆邮电学院学报，Vol．16，No．6，2004：97～100
[21] 臧黎丽，张晓敏，张太IEEE802.11MAC层性能分析及仿真，计算机工程与应用，2004：154～156
[22] 王定，余宁梅，刘昌龙 全数字带内同频道FM广播系统的系统级仿真建模，系统仿真学报，2007 Vol．19 No．1：59～62
[23] ETSI. Radio broadcasting systems: Digital audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile, portable and fixed receivers. Tech. Rep. ETS 300 401, ETSI, May 1997
[24] 王孟，徐荣杰视音频压缩——流媒体技术发展的核心，中国传媒科技，2002：62～64
[25] 周杭霞，於可广中国计量学院学报，2001：147～149
[26] ETSI, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television. Tech. Rep. EN 300 744 v1.1.2, Aug, 1997
[27] http://www.ieee.li/pdf/viewgraphs_wireless_802.pdf
[28] H. Rohling and R. Gruneid. Performance comparison of different multiple access schemes for the downlink of an OFDM communication systems. IEEE 47th Vehicular Technology Conference, 1997, 3:1365～1369
[29] 张荣涛，谢显中OFDM几种多址接入技术的分析，信息技术，2006：59～62
[30] 孙东海，张文东基于带路由功能的ADSL实现多用户共享接入，2005：39～41
[31] 陈莉4G关键技术巡礼，中国电信业，2006：70～71
[32] F. Adachi and M. Sawahashi. Challenges in realizing the multimedia mobile communications era: IMT-2000 and Beyond. IEEE Processing of International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 1999, 1:180～184
[33] Richard van Nee, Ramjee Prasad. OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications. Artech house, Boston, London, 2000
[34] T. M. Schmidl, D. C. Cox. Robust frequency and timing synchronization for OFDM. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1997, 45(12): 1613～1621
[35] 杨宝国．OFDM无线通信系统中的定时恢复和信道估计算法．博士学位论文，清华大学，北京，2000
[36] 周一青，胡爱群 利用训练帧进行OFDM系统同步的新算法，通信学报，2001 Vol．22 No．4：13～18
[37] 兰海艳，赵旦峰基于子空间的OFDM系统半盲信道估计研究，应用科技，2007：17～20
[38] A. A. Hutter, R. Hasholzner, J.S. Hammerschmidt. Channel estimation for mobile OFDM systems. IEEE 50th Vehicular Technology Conference, 1999, 1: 305～309
[39] I. Ochiai, M. P. C Fossorier, H. Imai. On decoding of block codes with peak-power reduction in OFDM systems. IEEE Communications Letters, 2000, 4(7): 226～228
[40] Tan Mizhou, J. Cheng, Y. Bar-Ness. OFDM peak power reduction by a novel coding scheme with threshold control. IEEE 54th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2001, 2(7-11): 669～672
[41] A. N. Barreto. Controlling the peak-to-average power ratio in OFDM-based wireless-LAN systems. The 55th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2002, 2:762～766
[42] 王冉，李小文 OFDM系统峰均功率比的研究，空间电子技术，2006：13～18
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