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普通小麦—簇毛麦T6VS·6AL对农艺和品质性状的效应分析及小麦—黑麦易位系的选育与鉴定
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摘要
普通小麦-簇毛麦T6VS·6AL易位系92R137由南京农业大学细胞遗传研究所培育,携有抗白粉病基因Pm21和抗条锈病基因Yr26,正在小麦育种中广泛应用。迄今已经衍生出7个商业品种,并有大量小麦品系正在参加各类区域试验。本研究利用普通小麦-簇毛麦T6VS·6AL和地方品种辉县红构建的一套小麦F_8重组近交家系(RIL)群体,通过白粉病抗性鉴定和分子标记分析,筛选出66个包含和94个不包含T6VS·6AL的纯合家系,分别组成R和S两个亚群体。在利用3个麦谷蛋白标记和5个表型性状证明两个亚群体具有很好遗传平衡性的基础上,于2005-2006年分别在江苏南京和河南郑州通过随机区组设计(各3个重复)进行17个品质性状的差异比较。方差分析表明,面团吸水率、稳定时间、最大阻力和50mm处阻力等4个品质性状在不同环境和不同基因型间均存在显著差异,而互作效应不显著。与S亚群体相比较,R亚群体在南京和郑州两地点吸水率、稳定时间、最大阻力和50mm处阻力平均增幅分别为2.15%、32.55%、16.56%和16.61%,表明T6VS·6AL对这4个品质性状具有正向效应。
     容重、降落值、峰值粘度和弱化度4个性状在R和S亚群体间均存在显著差异,其中容重和降落值还表现显著的环境效应和基因型与环境互作效应,峰值粘度则环境效应显著,而互作效应不显著。与S亚群体相比较,R亚群体在两地点容重、降落值、峰值粘度和弱化度平均降幅分别为2.28%、6.06%、13.71%和27.95%,表明T6VS·6AL对这4个品质性状具有负向效应。R亚群体在郑州点的容重、弱化度和降落值表现最大的效应。
     蛋白质含量、干面筋、湿面筋、面筋指数、出粉率、沉淀值、拉伸面积、形成时间和延伸度等9个性状基因效应均不显著,其中蛋白质含量、干面筋、面筋指数、沉淀值和拉伸面积等5个性状环境效应显著,面筋指数还表现显著的基因型与环境的互作效应,而湿面筋、出粉率、形成时间和延伸度这4个性状三种效应均不明显。上述结果说明,T6VS·6AL对这9个性状没有显著的影响,环境与互作效应是主要影响因素。
     利用选育出的2对T6VS·6AL(CL-02和CL-04)和6A(CL-01和CL-03)近等基因系于2007-2008年分别在南京江浦和江宁通过随机区组设计(各3个重复)进行11个农艺性状的差异比较。方差分析发现,株高、倒二节间长度、穗长和千粒重在两对近等基因系中均表现出显著差异,且这4个性状还表现出显著的环境效应,与非T6VS·6AL家系CL-01和CL-03相比较,T6VS·6AL家系CL-02和CL-04在江浦和江宁两地点株高平均增幅分别为7.79%和11.53%,倒二节间长度增幅分别为23.26%和19.06%,穗长增幅分别为10.11%和24.37%,千粒重增幅分别为10.72%和16.17%。揭示T6VS·6AL对这4个性状具有正向效应。
     此外,穗下节间长度在CL-01和CL-02中表现显著的基因和环境效应。与CL-01相比,CL-02穗下节间长度降幅9.08%。不孕小穗数和穗粒重在CL-03和CL-04中表现显著的基因和环境效应,与CL-03相比,CL-04不孕小穗数和穗粒重增幅分别为23.26%和16.67%。揭示T6VS·6AL可能还存在与遗传背景的互作,而表现不同效应。
     研究还利用~(60)Co-γ-射线处理小麦-黑麦1R、2R二体添加系花粉,并授粉给辉县红,经基因组荧光原位杂交从M_1代中初步筛选出涉及黑麦1R染色体的相互易位4株,大片段易位4株和1株整臂+顶端易位等染色体变异材料。
Triticum aestivum L.-Haynaldia villosa L.Schur T6VS.6AL line 92R137 contained new resistance genes Pm21 and Yr26,developed by Cytogenetics Institute,Nanjing Agricultural University,China,is a new kind of genetic resource for breeding wheat cultivars with powerful resistance for both powdery mildew and yellow rust.To date,seven commercial wheat cultivars derived from this translocation have been released and widely planted,and a number of advanced lines are being tested in different regions of China.Understanding the genetic effects of this translocation might be very helpful for wheat breeding.In this program,an elite wheat landrace Huixianhong from Henan Province,China,which had played important role in Chinese wheat breeding,was selected to hybridize with T6VS.6AL translocation line 92R137 and a new F8 RIL population was subsequently constructed from its progenies by single seed descendant(SSD).66 lines with and 94 lines without T6VS.6AL were identified by both powdery mildew test and molecular tagging,and two sub-populations(R groups and S groups) were constructed and used to compare the differences of 17 quality traits of wheat after randomized block design(3 replications) in two regions,Nanjing,Jiangsu province and Zhengzhou,Hena province,China in 2005-2006 season year.Segregation of with 3 pairs of HMW glutenin genes and 5 phenotypic traits,this RIL population and two subpopulations distributed normally. Variance analysis revealed that the mean water absorption,maximum resistance to extension,resistance to extension at 50 mm and stability time of the dough showed significant differences in different gene and environmental effects and different genotypes. In comparison with the S groups,The four traits increaseds by 2.15%,32.55%,16.56%and 16.61%in water absorption,maximum resistance to extension,resistance to extension at 50 mm respectively in T6VS.6AL group than that of non-T6VS.6AL group,indicating positive effect of T6VS.6AL on these traits.
     The test weight,falling number,peak viscosity and softening degree showed significant gene and interactive effects.In comparison with the S groups,the four traits decreased 2.28%,6.06%,13.71%and 27.95%,indicating negative effect of T6VS.6AL.The test weight,falling number and softening degree in Zhengzhou and peak viscosity in Nanjing of R groups performed the largest effects.Except environmental or interactive effect,no effect of T6VSo6AL was found on protein content,dry gluten content,wet gluten content,gluten index,flour yield,zeleny sedimentation value,development time,extension area and extensibility.
     Two near-isogenic lines(NIL),CL-01(6A) vs CL-02(T6VS.6AL) and CL-03(6A) vs CL-04(T6VS.6AL),were used to compare the differences of 11 phenotypic traits after randomized block design(3 replications) in Jingpu and Jiangning,Nanjing,China in 2007-08 season year.Variance analysis revealed that four traits including plant height,basal second intemode length,spike length and thousand kernel weight showed significant gene and environmental effect.In comparison with the 6A lines(CL01 and CL03),the four traits of T6VS·6AL lines(CL02 and CL04) increased 7.79%and 11.53%,23.26%and 19.06%, 10.11%and 24.37%,10.72%and 16.17%,indicating positive effect of T6VS.6AL.
     Additionaly,rachis internode length of CL-01 and CL-02 performed significant gene and environmental effects.In comparison with CL-01,this trait decreased 9.08%.While in CL-03 and CL-04,significant gene and environmental effect were found on sterile spikelets and grain weight per plant.In comparison with CL-03,the two traits increased 23.26%and 16.67%,indicating interactive effect might occur between T6VS·6AL and different genetic backgrounds of wheat.
     Irradiated with ~(60)Co-γ-ray,the pollen of Huixianhong-Jingzhouheimai DA1R was pollinated to Huixianhong.Analyzed with genomic in situ hybridization,four plants with reciprocal translocation,4 plants with large segmental translocation and 1 plant with distal segment translocation were identified from the M_1 seeds.
引文
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