预应力混凝土管桩的应用与实践
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摘要
随着各种高、大建筑物越来越多，建筑物的基础工程越来越重要，深基坑支护、地下连续墙、逆作法等工艺先后被采用。现在广泛应用的钻孔灌注桩、振动沉管灌注桩等固有的缺陷十分突出，主要表现在施工速度慢，场地污染严重，成桩质量难以保证，材料浪费大等方面。常规的打入式预制实心桩，因打桩机的超量噪音和土体震波，不仅对周围环境影响大，而且对周围建筑物有重大损害，使这一工艺难以推广应用。
本文结合国内和黑龙江省新型建筑桩基础设备发展的实际情况及先进的静压施工工艺，对预应力混凝土管桩的设计与施工技术进行了探讨与分析，着重论述了预应力混凝土锥形管桩技术，展望其今后在我省建筑中的发展趋向，完全可逐步取代其它基础桩型。静力液压管桩市场潜力巨大。
预应力混凝土管桩技术经过多年来的不断改进、应用，其可靠性、安全性、实用性是其它桩基础所无法相比的，该技术在国内处于领先地位，并于1993年被建设部列为重点推广技术，市场前景十分广阔。
本文回顾了预应力混凝土管桩的发展历史并介绍了预应力混凝土管桩的设计方法和施工及检测工艺，着重介绍了一些工程中经常出现的质量问题及处理方法。
在工程实践中，应用管桩基础基础的工程其单桩承载力显著提高，满足设计要求，显示出了其他桩基础所无法比拟的优势。桩试验的各项指标均满足国家规范的规定。
With the appearance of more and more high and large buildings, the building foundation engineering is getting more and more important. The technologies of shoring of deep trench, continuous concrete wall, the opposite method and so on are adopted successively. The connatural bugs of drilling caisson pile, the vibration settling tube filling pile and so on that are used widespread now are apparent. Most of them are that the ground is polluted seriously, the quality of the pile can not be promised, and the materials are wasted seriously and so on. The excess noise and vibration wave of the machine of the normal infiltrating prefabricating solid pile have heavy harms to the surroundings and the buildings. Thus it is difficult that this technology is used widespread.
Practical situation of the development on new construction pile foundation equipment and advanced static pressure construction technology are combined, technology of the equal prestressed concrete pipe pile be converted, and technology of prestressed concrete taper pipe pile be developed, from its trend of development in our province , we can see that other foundation piles are substituted wholly by it Building construction area is 600 myriad annual in Harbin, so the market capacity of is huge.
With the continuous improvement , application on technology of prestressed concrete taper pipe pile ,it have superiority on reliability, safety and practicability than other foundation piles, which let it have the leading position in domestic market, and have the extensive foreground.
The history of the development of prestressed concrete tubular pile is reviewed in this diploma work. The design method and the technology of constructional detection of tapered prestressed concrete tubular pile is introduced in this paper. And some usual questions of quality and the treatment of these questions are emphatic discussed too.
The fact that the one-pile bearing capacity of the foundations constructed by the method introduced in this paper is remarkable enhanced is supported by engineering practice. Indicators of the pile test are all meet the requirements that are prescribed in Chinese codes.
本文结合国内和黑龙江省新型建筑桩基础设备发展的实际情况及先进的静压施工工艺，对预应力混凝土管桩的设计与施工技术进行了探讨与分析，着重论述了预应力混凝土锥形管桩技术，展望其今后在我省建筑中的发展趋向，完全可逐步取代其它基础桩型。静力液压管桩市场潜力巨大。
预应力混凝土管桩技术经过多年来的不断改进、应用，其可靠性、安全性、实用性是其它桩基础所无法相比的，该技术在国内处于领先地位，并于1993年被建设部列为重点推广技术，市场前景十分广阔。
本文回顾了预应力混凝土管桩的发展历史并介绍了预应力混凝土管桩的设计方法和施工及检测工艺，着重介绍了一些工程中经常出现的质量问题及处理方法。
在工程实践中，应用管桩基础基础的工程其单桩承载力显著提高，满足设计要求，显示出了其他桩基础所无法比拟的优势。桩试验的各项指标均满足国家规范的规定。
With the appearance of more and more high and large buildings, the building foundation engineering is getting more and more important. The technologies of shoring of deep trench, continuous concrete wall, the opposite method and so on are adopted successively. The connatural bugs of drilling caisson pile, the vibration settling tube filling pile and so on that are used widespread now are apparent. Most of them are that the ground is polluted seriously, the quality of the pile can not be promised, and the materials are wasted seriously and so on. The excess noise and vibration wave of the machine of the normal infiltrating prefabricating solid pile have heavy harms to the surroundings and the buildings. Thus it is difficult that this technology is used widespread.
Practical situation of the development on new construction pile foundation equipment and advanced static pressure construction technology are combined, technology of the equal prestressed concrete pipe pile be converted, and technology of prestressed concrete taper pipe pile be developed, from its trend of development in our province , we can see that other foundation piles are substituted wholly by it Building construction area is 600 myriad annual in Harbin, so the market capacity of is huge.
With the continuous improvement , application on technology of prestressed concrete taper pipe pile ,it have superiority on reliability, safety and practicability than other foundation piles, which let it have the leading position in domestic market, and have the extensive foreground.
The history of the development of prestressed concrete tubular pile is reviewed in this diploma work. The design method and the technology of constructional detection of tapered prestressed concrete tubular pile is introduced in this paper. And some usual questions of quality and the treatment of these questions are emphatic discussed too.
The fact that the one-pile bearing capacity of the foundations constructed by the method introduced in this paper is remarkable enhanced is supported by engineering practice. Indicators of the pile test are all meet the requirements that are prescribed in Chinese codes.
引文
[1] 建筑桩基技术规范JGJ94-94．中国建筑工业出版社，1995
[2] 建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范GB50202—2002．中国计划出社，2002
[3] 阮起楠．预应力混凝土管桩．中国建材工业出版社，2000：1-1
[4] 邓法庚．日本预制混凝土管桩的概况．预制混凝土桩．1995(2)：4-5
[5] 先张法预应力高强混凝土管JIS A5337-1993．日本．1993
[6] 黑龙江省建筑安装工程施工技术操作规程《建筑地基基础工程DB23／T7 1 5—2003》
[7] Lee In-Mo, Lee Jeong-hark. Prediction of Pile Bearing Capacity Using. Artificial Neural Networks. Computer and Geomechanics. 1996, 18 (3): 189-200
[8] 阮起楠，预应力混凝土管桩．中国建材工业出版社，2000：8-9
[9] 先张法预应力混凝土管桩GB13476—92．中国建筑工业出版社，1992
[10] 预应力混凝土桩设计、制造及设置实用指南．美国PCI时报．1994(4)：3-4
[11] 富文权．预应力混凝土管桩设计的几个问题．预制混凝土桩．1995(1)
[12] 先张法预应力混凝土管桩DBJ02—10—99．宁波市建筑标准设计通用图集．1999
[13] 预应力混疑土桩设计、制造及设置实用指南美国PCI时报．1994(4)：25-26
[14] 王新祥．钻芯取样法检测PHC桩桩身混凝土强度．预制混凝土桩．1998(1)
[15] 混疑土强度检验评定标准GBJ107—87．若干问题介绍．中国建筑科学研究院．1988
[16] 阮起楠，于缘宝．高性能、高强度低松弛预应力钢棒和PHC管桩浅说，预制混凝土管桩．2002(1)：40-43
[17] 宋建军，阮起楠．适用于生产PHC管桩用的预应力钢棒．金属结构．1995(5)
[18] 阮起楠，预应力管桩配筋现状的评说．预制混凝土桩，1997(2)：20-21
[19] 吴中伟．管桩用蒸压与非蒸压早强、高强混疑土．预制混凝土桩．1994(2)
[20] 蒋家奋．关于预应力高强混凝土管桩采用二次湿热养护工艺几个问题的探讨．混凝土与水泥制品．1994(2)
[21] 阮起楠等．预应力混凝土管桩养护问题探讨．混凝土与水泥制品．2003(4)
[22] 汤关诈．关于预应力混凝土管桩设计计算方法的探讨，混凝土与水泥制品．1996
[23] 王离．预应力混凝土管桩基础设计中注意的问题，预制混凝土桩．1995(2)
[24] 龚爱群．哈尔滨卓越名苑6#楼住宅工程桩基础施工方案．2004
[25] Horikoshi，k．And Randolph，M．F．A Contribution to Optimum Design of Piled Rafts．geotechnique．1998，48(3)：301-317
[26] 阮起楠．PHC管桩生产中几个值得探索的工艺问题．预制混凝土桩．1994(2)
[27] 阮起楠，曾少霞．PHC管桩用理想胶凝材料的构思．预制混凝土桩．1998(2)
[28] 阮起楠，宋建军．PHC管桩裂缝浅析．混凝土与水泥制品．1997(1)
[29] 阮起楠．中小直径预应力A级管桩环向裂缝的成因与防治．预制混凝土桩．1995(1)
[30] 阮起楠．于缘宝．管桩的合理堆放．预制混凝土桩．1999(1～2)
[31] 龚爱群．哈尔滨世茂滨江新城一期一区13#楼工程桩基础施工组织设计．2006
[32] 宋建军，阮起楠．适用于生产PHC管桩用混凝土混合物．混凝土与水泥制品．1995(1)
[33] 阮起楠．水泥制品国标中几个问题的商榷(下)．混凝土与水泥制品．1996(6)
[34] 阮起楠，五种PHC管桩混疑土水泥水化硬化机理的研讨．预制混凝土 桩．1997(1-2)
[35] 中国水泥制品工业协会预制混凝土桩专业委员会，国家建材局苏州混凝土水泥制品研究院．先张法预应力混凝土管桩结构设计图集．1996
[36] 中国土木工程学会、混凝土与预应力混凝土学会高强混凝土委员会．高强混凝土结构施工指南HSCC．93—2．1993
[37] 王重．预应力高强离心混疑土管桩制作施工．预制棍凝土桩．1994(1)
[38] 王寓．试论不宜应用预应力管桩的工程地质条件．预制混凝土桩．1995(1)
[39] 王寓．预应力混凝土管桩十年来在广东的推广与应用．预制棍凝土桩．1996(2)
[40] 钱树青．φ7高强预应力钢丝管技术经济分析．预制混凝土桩．1994(1)
[41] [英]A．M·内维尔著．李国泮等译．混凝土的性能．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1983
[42] 冯乃谦编著．高强混凝土技术．北京：中国建材工业出版社，1992
[43] 王离．预应力管桩的设计、施工和工程质量控制．广州建筑．1991(1)
[44] 杨伯科．混凝土实用新技术手册．吉林：吉林科学技术出版社，1998
[45] 广东省标准DBJ／T15-22-98《预应力混凝土管桩基础技术规程》
[46] 阮起楠，曾少霞．离心混凝土抗压强度试件分析．混凝土与水泥制品．1999(1)
[47] 阮起楠，黄家屏．关于预应力混凝土管桩混凝土强度评定十点看法．预制混凝土桩．1999(1-2)
[48] 张金芳等．微电脑滚筒式管桩钢筋骨架滚焊机．混凝土与水泥制品．1999(3)
[49] 中国水泥制品工业协会系列技术资料96-4、97-3、98-3(管桩部分)
[50] Fion Chow. Field measurements of stress interaction between displacements piles in sand. GROUND ENGINEERING. 1995 July/August
[51] Evgin E, Fakharian K. Effect of stress paths on the behavior of sand-steel interfaces. Canadian Geotechnical ]ournal. 1996. Vol. 33.No. 6
[52] Paolo Carrubba.Skin Friction of Carge-diameter Piles Sockeed into Rock.. can. Geotech. J. Vol. 34.1997
[53] Poulos, H. G. Piled Raft Foundation: Design and Application Geotechnique. 2001,51(2):95-113
[54] Horkoshi, K. And Randolph, M. F. A Contribution to Optimum Design of Piled Rafts. Geotechnique. 1998, 48(3):301-317
[55] orkoshi, K. And Randolph, M. F. on the definition of Raft -Soil Stiffness Ratio for Rectangular Rafts. Geotechnique. 1997, 47(5): 1055-1061
[56] L. D. Ta & J. C. Small, Analysis of Piled Raft systems in Layered Soils, Int. Jnl. Num. Anal. Meths. In Geomechs. 1996, 20,57-72.
[57] Middendorp P., Bermingham P., Kuiper B. Statnamic load testing of foundation piles. Proceedings of the 4 th international Conference on the application of stress-wave theory on piles, Netherlands. 1992, p 581-588
[2] 建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范GB50202—2002．中国计划出社，2002
[3] 阮起楠．预应力混凝土管桩．中国建材工业出版社，2000：1-1
[4] 邓法庚．日本预制混凝土管桩的概况．预制混凝土桩．1995(2)：4-5
[5] 先张法预应力高强混凝土管JIS A5337-1993．日本．1993
[6] 黑龙江省建筑安装工程施工技术操作规程《建筑地基基础工程DB23／T7 1 5—2003》
[7] Lee In-Mo, Lee Jeong-hark. Prediction of Pile Bearing Capacity Using. Artificial Neural Networks. Computer and Geomechanics. 1996, 18 (3): 189-200
[8] 阮起楠，预应力混凝土管桩．中国建材工业出版社，2000：8-9
[9] 先张法预应力混凝土管桩GB13476—92．中国建筑工业出版社，1992
[10] 预应力混凝土桩设计、制造及设置实用指南．美国PCI时报．1994(4)：3-4
[11] 富文权．预应力混凝土管桩设计的几个问题．预制混凝土桩．1995(1)
[12] 先张法预应力混凝土管桩DBJ02—10—99．宁波市建筑标准设计通用图集．1999
[13] 预应力混疑土桩设计、制造及设置实用指南美国PCI时报．1994(4)：25-26
[14] 王新祥．钻芯取样法检测PHC桩桩身混凝土强度．预制混凝土桩．1998(1)
[15] 混疑土强度检验评定标准GBJ107—87．若干问题介绍．中国建筑科学研究院．1988
[16] 阮起楠，于缘宝．高性能、高强度低松弛预应力钢棒和PHC管桩浅说，预制混凝土管桩．2002(1)：40-43
[17] 宋建军，阮起楠．适用于生产PHC管桩用的预应力钢棒．金属结构．1995(5)
[18] 阮起楠，预应力管桩配筋现状的评说．预制混凝土桩，1997(2)：20-21
[19] 吴中伟．管桩用蒸压与非蒸压早强、高强混疑土．预制混凝土桩．1994(2)
[20] 蒋家奋．关于预应力高强混凝土管桩采用二次湿热养护工艺几个问题的探讨．混凝土与水泥制品．1994(2)
[21] 阮起楠等．预应力混凝土管桩养护问题探讨．混凝土与水泥制品．2003(4)
[22] 汤关诈．关于预应力混凝土管桩设计计算方法的探讨，混凝土与水泥制品．1996
[23] 王离．预应力混凝土管桩基础设计中注意的问题，预制混凝土桩．1995(2)
[24] 龚爱群．哈尔滨卓越名苑6#楼住宅工程桩基础施工方案．2004
[25] Horikoshi，k．And Randolph，M．F．A Contribution to Optimum Design of Piled Rafts．geotechnique．1998，48(3)：301-317
[26] 阮起楠．PHC管桩生产中几个值得探索的工艺问题．预制混凝土桩．1994(2)
[27] 阮起楠，曾少霞．PHC管桩用理想胶凝材料的构思．预制混凝土桩．1998(2)
[28] 阮起楠，宋建军．PHC管桩裂缝浅析．混凝土与水泥制品．1997(1)
[29] 阮起楠．中小直径预应力A级管桩环向裂缝的成因与防治．预制混凝土桩．1995(1)
[30] 阮起楠．于缘宝．管桩的合理堆放．预制混凝土桩．1999(1～2)
[31] 龚爱群．哈尔滨世茂滨江新城一期一区13#楼工程桩基础施工组织设计．2006
[32] 宋建军，阮起楠．适用于生产PHC管桩用混凝土混合物．混凝土与水泥制品．1995(1)
[33] 阮起楠．水泥制品国标中几个问题的商榷(下)．混凝土与水泥制品．1996(6)
[34] 阮起楠，五种PHC管桩混疑土水泥水化硬化机理的研讨．预制混凝土 桩．1997(1-2)
[35] 中国水泥制品工业协会预制混凝土桩专业委员会，国家建材局苏州混凝土水泥制品研究院．先张法预应力混凝土管桩结构设计图集．1996
[36] 中国土木工程学会、混凝土与预应力混凝土学会高强混凝土委员会．高强混凝土结构施工指南HSCC．93—2．1993
[37] 王重．预应力高强离心混疑土管桩制作施工．预制棍凝土桩．1994(1)
[38] 王寓．试论不宜应用预应力管桩的工程地质条件．预制混凝土桩．1995(1)
[39] 王寓．预应力混凝土管桩十年来在广东的推广与应用．预制棍凝土桩．1996(2)
[40] 钱树青．φ7高强预应力钢丝管技术经济分析．预制混凝土桩．1994(1)
[41] [英]A．M·内维尔著．李国泮等译．混凝土的性能．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1983
[42] 冯乃谦编著．高强混凝土技术．北京：中国建材工业出版社，1992
[43] 王离．预应力管桩的设计、施工和工程质量控制．广州建筑．1991(1)
[44] 杨伯科．混凝土实用新技术手册．吉林：吉林科学技术出版社，1998
[45] 广东省标准DBJ／T15-22-98《预应力混凝土管桩基础技术规程》
[46] 阮起楠，曾少霞．离心混凝土抗压强度试件分析．混凝土与水泥制品．1999(1)
[47] 阮起楠，黄家屏．关于预应力混凝土管桩混凝土强度评定十点看法．预制混凝土桩．1999(1-2)
[48] 张金芳等．微电脑滚筒式管桩钢筋骨架滚焊机．混凝土与水泥制品．1999(3)
[49] 中国水泥制品工业协会系列技术资料96-4、97-3、98-3(管桩部分)
[50] Fion Chow. Field measurements of stress interaction between displacements piles in sand. GROUND ENGINEERING. 1995 July/August
[51] Evgin E, Fakharian K. Effect of stress paths on the behavior of sand-steel interfaces. Canadian Geotechnical ]ournal. 1996. Vol. 33.No. 6
[52] Paolo Carrubba.Skin Friction of Carge-diameter Piles Sockeed into Rock.. can. Geotech. J. Vol. 34.1997
[53] Poulos, H. G. Piled Raft Foundation: Design and Application Geotechnique. 2001,51(2):95-113
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