预制预应力短肢剪力墙结构抗震能力试验研究
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摘要
近年兴起的短肢剪力墙结构是一种比普通剪力墙结构自重轻、保温好、平面布置灵活、建筑功能良好的高层住宅结构体系,其发展势头强劲,抗震性能受到大家关注。相关的震害及抗震试验分析表明,短肢剪力墙的抗震受力部位主要是连梁端部节点区域,在强烈地震(中震或大震)下形成“梁铰耗能机制”,由连梁与墙肢的塑性变形来耗散地震能量,结构将产生严重的地震损伤,结构震后的修复困难,修复费用高昂。
装配式预制预应力混凝土结构除了有预制拼装结构体系的施工速度快、工期短、环境污染小、质量有保证、耐久性能高等优点外,还有以下突出的优势:1)易于实现事先设定的耗能机制;2)便于震灾后的损伤评估;3)恢复性能好,残余变形小,易于修复。
为使短肢剪力墙结构在地震中损伤得到有效控制,本文在广泛阅读国内外文献的基础之上,尝试将预制预应力技术引入到短肢剪力墙结构中,制作了两片装配式的预制预应力短肢剪力墙,通过低周反复荷载试验来研究这种新结构形式的抗震性能。
本文完成的主要内容如下:
(1)探讨了预制预应力技术在短肢剪力墙结构体系中的应用,制作了新型的全装配式预制预应力短肢剪力墙;
(2)在分析国内外众多装配形式的基础上,提出了符合短肢剪力墙的节点形式,并探讨了预应力筋的布置方式;
(3)通过低周反复荷载试验,对结构的破坏形式、滞回性质、位移延性、耗能能力、骨架曲线、承载力及刚度退化等进行了研究;
(4)研究了试验过程中无粘结预应力筋的应力变化情况,总结了应力变化的规律;
(5)探讨了连梁梁端的抗弯承载力和抗裂弯矩的计算,分别给出了验算公式。并对接缝处砂浆的压力摩擦作用进行了分析计算。
试验研究结果表明,装配式预制预应力短肢剪力墙可以实现事先设定的耗能机制,且主要构件损伤较小。由于施加了预应力,结构具有良好的恢复性能,残余变形小,便于震灾后的加固和维修。
Recent years the short pier shear wall has been one kind of new structure systems, in which own weight is lighter, the ability to keep warm is better, the plane layout is more flexible, the construction function is excellent, compared with the ordinary shear wall structure. It develops rapidly, and its seismic performance has attracted the attention of the structure engineers and researchers. Some related earthquake damages and shock tests have indicated that the primary earthquake-resistance positions of the short pier shear walls are the panel joints of the tie beams. Under the strong (medium and major) earthquake, the structures form the“beam end plastic hinge failure mechanism”, and its energy dissipation is assumed by the plastic deformation of the shear walls and tie beams. The damages of the structures are serious, so the retrofitting of the structures is difficult and expensive.
Precast concrete structures using post-tensioned prestressing tendons have advantages of precast systems ,such as high construction speed ,low pollution ,assurance of quality and durability, etc. Furthermore, it also has following merits of its own First, it’s helpful to realize the energy dissipation mechanism set beforehand. Second, the damage of structure induced by earthquake is easy to estimate. Third, it has high self-centering capacity and small residual displacement after earthquake, and can be repaired conveniently.
In order to effectively control the damage of the short pier shear wall, fist time the precast and post-tensioned technology is introduced into the short pier shear wall based on reading the documents home and abroad. Two precast prestressed short pier shear walls are made, and their seismic performance is studied under cyclic loading.
The main contents of this paper can be concluded as following:
(1) The application of precast and prestressing used in short pier shear wall is probed. New-style precast short pier shear wall using post-tensioned prestressing tendons are made.
(2)The form of panel joint applicable to the short pier shear wall and the collocation method of post-tensioned prestressing tendons are studied.
(3)Based on the low-cyclic reversed loading test, the failure mechanism, hysteretic property, displacement ductility, energy dissipation capacity, skeleton curve as well as bearing capacity and stiffness degeneration of the structure is analyzed.
(4)The stress behavior of unbonded post-tensioned prestressing tendons is measured during the experiment and its varying discipline is summarized.
(5)The computing formula of bend and crack resistance capability are deduced, and the press frication action of the gap is analyzed.
The research shows that the precast prestressed short pier shear wall using post-tensioned prestressing tendons can realize the energy dissipation mechanism set beforehand with fewer damages. Due to prestress exerted, the structure possesses satisfying self-centering capability ,can be retrofitted and fixed up expediently after earthquake.
装配式预制预应力混凝土结构除了有预制拼装结构体系的施工速度快、工期短、环境污染小、质量有保证、耐久性能高等优点外,还有以下突出的优势:1)易于实现事先设定的耗能机制;2)便于震灾后的损伤评估;3)恢复性能好,残余变形小,易于修复。
为使短肢剪力墙结构在地震中损伤得到有效控制,本文在广泛阅读国内外文献的基础之上,尝试将预制预应力技术引入到短肢剪力墙结构中,制作了两片装配式的预制预应力短肢剪力墙,通过低周反复荷载试验来研究这种新结构形式的抗震性能。
本文完成的主要内容如下:
(1)探讨了预制预应力技术在短肢剪力墙结构体系中的应用,制作了新型的全装配式预制预应力短肢剪力墙;
(2)在分析国内外众多装配形式的基础上,提出了符合短肢剪力墙的节点形式,并探讨了预应力筋的布置方式;
(3)通过低周反复荷载试验,对结构的破坏形式、滞回性质、位移延性、耗能能力、骨架曲线、承载力及刚度退化等进行了研究;
(4)研究了试验过程中无粘结预应力筋的应力变化情况,总结了应力变化的规律;
(5)探讨了连梁梁端的抗弯承载力和抗裂弯矩的计算,分别给出了验算公式。并对接缝处砂浆的压力摩擦作用进行了分析计算。
试验研究结果表明,装配式预制预应力短肢剪力墙可以实现事先设定的耗能机制,且主要构件损伤较小。由于施加了预应力,结构具有良好的恢复性能,残余变形小,便于震灾后的加固和维修。
Recent years the short pier shear wall has been one kind of new structure systems, in which own weight is lighter, the ability to keep warm is better, the plane layout is more flexible, the construction function is excellent, compared with the ordinary shear wall structure. It develops rapidly, and its seismic performance has attracted the attention of the structure engineers and researchers. Some related earthquake damages and shock tests have indicated that the primary earthquake-resistance positions of the short pier shear walls are the panel joints of the tie beams. Under the strong (medium and major) earthquake, the structures form the“beam end plastic hinge failure mechanism”, and its energy dissipation is assumed by the plastic deformation of the shear walls and tie beams. The damages of the structures are serious, so the retrofitting of the structures is difficult and expensive.
Precast concrete structures using post-tensioned prestressing tendons have advantages of precast systems ,such as high construction speed ,low pollution ,assurance of quality and durability, etc. Furthermore, it also has following merits of its own First, it’s helpful to realize the energy dissipation mechanism set beforehand. Second, the damage of structure induced by earthquake is easy to estimate. Third, it has high self-centering capacity and small residual displacement after earthquake, and can be repaired conveniently.
In order to effectively control the damage of the short pier shear wall, fist time the precast and post-tensioned technology is introduced into the short pier shear wall based on reading the documents home and abroad. Two precast prestressed short pier shear walls are made, and their seismic performance is studied under cyclic loading.
The main contents of this paper can be concluded as following:
(1) The application of precast and prestressing used in short pier shear wall is probed. New-style precast short pier shear wall using post-tensioned prestressing tendons are made.
(2)The form of panel joint applicable to the short pier shear wall and the collocation method of post-tensioned prestressing tendons are studied.
(3)Based on the low-cyclic reversed loading test, the failure mechanism, hysteretic property, displacement ductility, energy dissipation capacity, skeleton curve as well as bearing capacity and stiffness degeneration of the structure is analyzed.
(4)The stress behavior of unbonded post-tensioned prestressing tendons is measured during the experiment and its varying discipline is summarized.
(5)The computing formula of bend and crack resistance capability are deduced, and the press frication action of the gap is analyzed.
The research shows that the precast prestressed short pier shear wall using post-tensioned prestressing tendons can realize the energy dissipation mechanism set beforehand with fewer damages. Due to prestress exerted, the structure possesses satisfying self-centering capability ,can be retrofitted and fixed up expediently after earthquake.
引文
[1] 容柏生. 高层住宅建筑中的短肢剪力墙结构体系[J]. 建筑结构学报,1997,18(6):14-19.
[2] 程文瀼,金向前,吴志彬. 短肢剪力墙的设计与研究[J]. 建筑结构,2001,31(7).
[3] 黄东升,程文瀼,彭飞. 短肢剪力墙的设计与研究(二)[J]. 建筑结构,2002,32(8):24-25,72.
[4] 黄东升,程文瀼,彭飞. 短肢剪力墙的设计与研究(三)[J]. 建筑结构,2003,33(9):10-11.
[5] 程绍革,陈善阳,刘经伟. 高层建筑短肢剪力墙结构振动台试验研究[J]. 天津大学学报,2000,33(3):364-366.
[6] 张晋,吕志涛. 短肢剪力墙筒体结构模型振动台试验研究[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版),2001,31(6):No.6,4-8.
[7] 刘伟,刘立新,宫广娟. 带翼缘短肢墙结构低周反复荷载试验研究[J]. 河南科学,2002,20(3):290-293
[8] 黄东升,程文瀼,彭飞. 对称双肢短肢剪力墙的低周反复荷载试验研究[J]. 建筑结构学报,2005(3):51-56
[9] 曹万林,张建伟,常卫华,黄选明,赵长军. 带暗支撑双肢短肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(1):64-70
[10] M. J. Nigel Priestley, Tao Jian Ren. Seismic Response of Precast Prestressed Concrete Frames With Partially Debonded Tendons [J], PCI Journal, 1993, vol.38(1), 58-69.
[11] 王娴明,沈聚敏,阎兴华.预应力装配整体式板柱结构抗震性能试验研究 [J] .土木工程学报,1988(3)
[12] 林宗凡,E.I.Sagan,M.E.Kreger.装配式抗震框架延性节点的研究 [J] .同济大学学报,1998,Vol.26(2)
[13] 刘亚非,庞涛,顾西平.预制预应力混凝土装配整体式房屋结构的施工实践 [J] .江苏建筑,2002(3),10-15
[14] 薛伟辰.预制混凝土框架结构体系研究与应用进展 [J] .工业建筑,2002,Vol32(11)
[15] Alfred A Yee . 预制和预应力混凝土的结构和经济效益. 建筑结构,2002(6)
[16] Blakely R.W.G., Park R.Seismic resistance of prestressed concrete beam-column assemblies [J]. Journal of the American Concrete Institute, 1971,(68):677-692
[17] Thompson K.J., Park R.Ductility of Concrete Frames Under Seismic Loading, Department of Civil Engineering Report 7514, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Oct. 1975
[18] Arden L. Bement Jr., Remark [C], National Research Council Forum on the 25th Anniversary of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, February 20, 2003
[19] Kim S. Elliott, Research and development in precast concrete framed structures, Prog. Struct. Engng. Mater., John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2000; 2:405-428
[20] Kurama, Y.,Sause,R.,Pessiki,S.,and Lu,L.W. Seismic response evaluation of unbonded post-tensioned precast walls.ACI Struct.J. 2002,99(5):641-651
[21] Shen,Q.and Kurama, Y..Lateral load behavior of unbonded post-tensioned hybrid coupled walls. Sixth ASCCS Conference on Steel and Concrete Composite Structures , Los Angeles,CA,March22-24, 2000,793-800
[22] Shen,Q.and Kurama, Y.Coupling of concrete walls using unbonded post-tensioning .7th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Boston, MA, 21-25 July,2002 12 pp
[23]Shen,Q.and Kurama, Y. Nonlinear behavior of post-tensioned hybrid coupled wall subassemblages. J. Struct. Eng.,American Society of Civil Engineers,2002,128(10):1290-1300
[24]Shen,Q., Kurama, Y., and Weldon, B.Seismic analysis, behavior, and design of unbonded post-tensioned hybrid coupled walls. Structural Engineering and Geological Sciences,2004 Univ. of Norte Dame, Notre Dame, Ind
[25] Kurama, Y. and Shen, Q. Post-tensioned hybrid coupled walls under lateral loads.J. Struct. Eng.,2004, American Society of Civil Engineers130(2):297-309
[26] Kurama, Y.,Weldon, B., and Shen,Q. Experimental evalution of unbonded post-tensioned hybrid coupled wall subassemblages.13th World Coference on Earthquake Engin., Vancouver, BC, Canada,August1-6,2004,15pp.
[27] Shen, Q., Kurama, Y., and Weldon, B. Seismic design and analytical modeling of posttensioned hybrid coupled wall subassemblages.J. Struct. Eng.,2006,132(7):1030–1040.
[28]郑文忠,曹大富,吕志涛.装配整体预应力板柱结构(IMS)综述[J] .江苏建筑,1994(3)
[29].薛伟辰.预制混凝土框架结构体系研究与应用发展.工业建筑,2002,32(11):47-50
[30] 姚振纲,刘祖华.建筑结构试验[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1996
[31] Cheok G. S., Stone W.C., Stanton J.F., Performance of HybridMoment-Resisting Precast Beam-Column Concrete Connections Subjected to Cyclic Loading [J], ACI Structural Journal, 1995,Vol.92(2):229-249
[32]刘亚非,庞涛,顾四平.预制预应力混凝土装配整体式房屋结构的施工实践. 江苏建筑,2002,86(3):10-14
[33] 潘其健.预制预应力混凝土框架结构抗震能力的试验研究[D].东南大学硕士学位论文,2006
[34]万泽青.高阻尼混凝土的试验研究及其在结构耗能减震中的应用[D].扬州大学硕士学位论文,2005
[35] 朱伯龙.结构抗震试验[M].北京:地震出版社,1989
[36] Meng Shaoping, Chong Xun. Research on Seismic Performance of Precast Prestressed Concrete Frame //The International Symposium on Innovation & Sustainability of Structures in Civil Engineering (ISISS’2005).Nanjing:2005
[37] 彭飞, 黄东升, 程文瀼. 短肢剪力墙的研究. 现代地震工程进展,东南大学出 版社, 2002, 252～255
[38] 付万德,李先强. 关于短肢剪力墙结构的几点探讨. 当代建筑,2001 (4):46
[39] 王燕飞. 短肢剪力墙结构设计探讨. 四川建筑 ,2000, 20(4):48-50
[40] 倪薇. 短肢剪力墙结构在“小高层”中的应用. 住宅科技,2000, (11):23-25
[41] 周丽. 高层住宅建筑中短肢剪力墙的运用. 煤炭设计,2000 (7):34-36
[42] 张健康, 陈勇. 对短肢剪力墙结构设计的体会. 广东土木与建筑 2001 (8):11
[43] TASSION T P 著.唐九如译.预应力接头的剪力-位移特征[J]. 建筑结构,1979,(1):48-52
[44] 柳炳康,张瑜中,晋哲烽,等.预压装配式预应力混凝土框加接合部抗震性能试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2005,26(2):60-65。
[2] 程文瀼,金向前,吴志彬. 短肢剪力墙的设计与研究[J]. 建筑结构,2001,31(7).
[3] 黄东升,程文瀼,彭飞. 短肢剪力墙的设计与研究(二)[J]. 建筑结构,2002,32(8):24-25,72.
[4] 黄东升,程文瀼,彭飞. 短肢剪力墙的设计与研究(三)[J]. 建筑结构,2003,33(9):10-11.
[5] 程绍革,陈善阳,刘经伟. 高层建筑短肢剪力墙结构振动台试验研究[J]. 天津大学学报,2000,33(3):364-366.
[6] 张晋,吕志涛. 短肢剪力墙筒体结构模型振动台试验研究[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版),2001,31(6):No.6,4-8.
[7] 刘伟,刘立新,宫广娟. 带翼缘短肢墙结构低周反复荷载试验研究[J]. 河南科学,2002,20(3):290-293
[8] 黄东升,程文瀼,彭飞. 对称双肢短肢剪力墙的低周反复荷载试验研究[J]. 建筑结构学报,2005(3):51-56
[9] 曹万林,张建伟,常卫华,黄选明,赵长军. 带暗支撑双肢短肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(1):64-70
[10] M. J. Nigel Priestley, Tao Jian Ren. Seismic Response of Precast Prestressed Concrete Frames With Partially Debonded Tendons [J], PCI Journal, 1993, vol.38(1), 58-69.
[11] 王娴明,沈聚敏,阎兴华.预应力装配整体式板柱结构抗震性能试验研究 [J] .土木工程学报,1988(3)
[12] 林宗凡,E.I.Sagan,M.E.Kreger.装配式抗震框架延性节点的研究 [J] .同济大学学报,1998,Vol.26(2)
[13] 刘亚非,庞涛,顾西平.预制预应力混凝土装配整体式房屋结构的施工实践 [J] .江苏建筑,2002(3),10-15
[14] 薛伟辰.预制混凝土框架结构体系研究与应用进展 [J] .工业建筑,2002,Vol32(11)
[15] Alfred A Yee . 预制和预应力混凝土的结构和经济效益. 建筑结构,2002(6)
[16] Blakely R.W.G., Park R.Seismic resistance of prestressed concrete beam-column assemblies [J]. Journal of the American Concrete Institute, 1971,(68):677-692
[17] Thompson K.J., Park R.Ductility of Concrete Frames Under Seismic Loading, Department of Civil Engineering Report 7514, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Oct. 1975
[18] Arden L. Bement Jr., Remark [C], National Research Council Forum on the 25th Anniversary of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, February 20, 2003
[19] Kim S. Elliott, Research and development in precast concrete framed structures, Prog. Struct. Engng. Mater., John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2000; 2:405-428
[20] Kurama, Y.,Sause,R.,Pessiki,S.,and Lu,L.W. Seismic response evaluation of unbonded post-tensioned precast walls.ACI Struct.J. 2002,99(5):641-651
[21] Shen,Q.and Kurama, Y..Lateral load behavior of unbonded post-tensioned hybrid coupled walls. Sixth ASCCS Conference on Steel and Concrete Composite Structures , Los Angeles,CA,March22-24, 2000,793-800
[22] Shen,Q.and Kurama, Y.Coupling of concrete walls using unbonded post-tensioning .7th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Boston, MA, 21-25 July,2002 12 pp
[23]Shen,Q.and Kurama, Y. Nonlinear behavior of post-tensioned hybrid coupled wall subassemblages. J. Struct. Eng.,American Society of Civil Engineers,2002,128(10):1290-1300
[24]Shen,Q., Kurama, Y., and Weldon, B.Seismic analysis, behavior, and design of unbonded post-tensioned hybrid coupled walls. Structural Engineering and Geological Sciences,2004 Univ. of Norte Dame, Notre Dame, Ind
[25] Kurama, Y. and Shen, Q. Post-tensioned hybrid coupled walls under lateral loads.J. Struct. Eng.,2004, American Society of Civil Engineers130(2):297-309
[26] Kurama, Y.,Weldon, B., and Shen,Q. Experimental evalution of unbonded post-tensioned hybrid coupled wall subassemblages.13th World Coference on Earthquake Engin., Vancouver, BC, Canada,August1-6,2004,15pp.
[27] Shen, Q., Kurama, Y., and Weldon, B. Seismic design and analytical modeling of posttensioned hybrid coupled wall subassemblages.J. Struct. Eng.,2006,132(7):1030–1040.
[28]郑文忠,曹大富,吕志涛.装配整体预应力板柱结构(IMS)综述[J] .江苏建筑,1994(3)
[29].薛伟辰.预制混凝土框架结构体系研究与应用发展.工业建筑,2002,32(11):47-50
[30] 姚振纲,刘祖华.建筑结构试验[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1996
[31] Cheok G. S., Stone W.C., Stanton J.F., Performance of HybridMoment-Resisting Precast Beam-Column Concrete Connections Subjected to Cyclic Loading [J], ACI Structural Journal, 1995,Vol.92(2):229-249
[32]刘亚非,庞涛,顾四平.预制预应力混凝土装配整体式房屋结构的施工实践. 江苏建筑,2002,86(3):10-14
[33] 潘其健.预制预应力混凝土框架结构抗震能力的试验研究[D].东南大学硕士学位论文,2006
[34]万泽青.高阻尼混凝土的试验研究及其在结构耗能减震中的应用[D].扬州大学硕士学位论文,2005
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