大型汽轮发电机组转子-支承系统动态优化设计研究
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摘要
本文以大型汽轮发电机组为对象，采用预应力法计算了转子的临界转速，分析了转子系统的不平衡响应，并结合工程实际分析了磁拉力及温度应力对发电机转子振动的影响，最后本文重点研究了大型汽轮发电机组转子—支承系统的优化设计。
在转子动力学研究中，临界转速的计算方法占有很重要的地位。无论是讨论转子的动态特性，还是进行转子系统的设计，都离不开计算分析工作。本文根据转子转动的惯性特性，将惯性载荷加到转子上，形成了转子动力学问题的预应力解法。转子动力学问题的预应力解法，所建模型更接近于原形，计算过程简捷，提高了求解的准确性。本文运用预应力法在 Ansys5.4 软件平台上进行了转子动力学问题的计算，获得了成功。计算过程表明，其它大型软件也可运用预应力法进行相应的计算。
大型汽轮发电机组在运行时的电磁力及其温度应力对转子横向振动的影响正越来越受到重视，它涉及到发电机组长期运行中的可靠性。根据大型汽轮发电机组转子系统电磁力及温度应力的力学特性，本文在计算中导出了相应的负刚度矩阵并置入总刚度矩阵，分别求出了转子电磁力，温度应力对其横振临界转速的影响，添补了这方面计算的空白，具有一定的工程应用价值。
在预应力法求解转子横振临界转速的基础上，运用谐响应技术研究了大型汽轮发电机组转子系统的不平衡响应，导出了转子系统位移对频率的响应曲线及在某一个频率点转子系统的应力应变状况。基于预应力法的转子系统谐响应分析拓宽了通常转子系统不平衡响应的计算分析模式，特别是分析系统激励力的频率不等于转子转动的频率时，较为简捷、准确，为转子系统不平衡响应的分析开辟了新的渠道。
利用以上分析的结果，对大型汽轮发电机组转子系统进行了动态优化设计。其中包括多目标、多约束转子系统固有频率的设计；多目标、多约束转子系统位移响应设计。研究了预应力转子的优化设计方法，并采用信赖域方法自编有
——
限元程序对转子系统进行了优化设计。在对转子系统作灵敏度分析的基础上，进
行了大型汽轮发电机组转子一支承系统对基座刚度、转轴直径、圆盘直径、跨度
等设计变量的优化设计。研究了多跨转子与其各单跨转子临界转速之间的联系。
最后，本文研究了转子系统的模态综合法，并进行了优化分析。
Based on the prestrss method to study the critical speeds of a big turbo-generator rotor system and analyse the unbalance-response about the rotor system in the dissertation.It is analysed that the relation of magnetic tensile force and the lateral vibration , ther mal expansion and the lateral vibration on the basis of the enginee -ring problem.The optimization design of a big turbo-generator rotor-bearing system is studied profound -ly and broadly in this dissertation.
On the study of rotor dynamcs problem,the caculating method on the critical speeds is very important.It is necessary for the caculating method to discuss the rotor dynamics characteristics or to design a rotor system. According to the inertia property, It is added for the inertia force to the rotor system to form the prestrss solving method on the rotor dynamics in this dissertation.The prestess model is nearer the rotor working state.Its caculating process is simperer and the solution is more accurate.It is successful on Ansys5.4 platform to use prestress method to solve the problem .It is shown that other big software can be made for this kind of capulation. The relation of the magnetic tensile force or thermal expansion of the big turbogenerator rotor system and the lateral vibration are paid more and more attention on its revolving.It is related to the rotor-system dependent property for long period work.According to the magnetic tensile force or thermal expansion mechanical model
of the rotor-system,it is got the negative rigid matrix and put into whole rigid matrix,and got the influence of the magnetic tensile force or thermal expansion of the rotor-system to lateral vibration. The gap is filled in the field. It can be provided to some engineering use.
On the basis of prestress method to solve rotor critical speeds,it is used for harmonic analysis to study the rotor system nonbalance response on a turbo-generator rotor-system. It is led for the rotor-system displacement to frequencies response curve and rotor-system stress-strain state at a frequencies point.By the analysis method,it has been changed for the rotor-system model to be analysed. Specialy,it is more simple and accurate that the impel force frequencies is not equal to the frequencies of the rotor revolving.lt is a new method of the non-balance response of the rotor system to be analyse.
With all these result that to be analysed,it is maded the optimization desigen for a big turbo-generator rotor-system.Some of them is the design of the multi-objectives and multi-constraints rotor-system natural frequencies; the displacement response of the multi-objective and multi-constraints rotor-system.The optimization desigen method is studied on the rotor system,and to use trust region method to make the optimization desigen and the program made.On the basis of the sensitivity analysis of rotor system,it is made the optimization desigen of a big turbo-generator rotor system to the basis rigid,the axis diameter,the disc diameter,the span and so on.lt is studied for the relation of the mutil-span and the single-span rotor.In the end,it is studied rotor system mode synthesis,and made the optimization desigen.
在转子动力学研究中，临界转速的计算方法占有很重要的地位。无论是讨论转子的动态特性，还是进行转子系统的设计，都离不开计算分析工作。本文根据转子转动的惯性特性，将惯性载荷加到转子上，形成了转子动力学问题的预应力解法。转子动力学问题的预应力解法，所建模型更接近于原形，计算过程简捷，提高了求解的准确性。本文运用预应力法在 Ansys5.4 软件平台上进行了转子动力学问题的计算，获得了成功。计算过程表明，其它大型软件也可运用预应力法进行相应的计算。
大型汽轮发电机组在运行时的电磁力及其温度应力对转子横向振动的影响正越来越受到重视，它涉及到发电机组长期运行中的可靠性。根据大型汽轮发电机组转子系统电磁力及温度应力的力学特性，本文在计算中导出了相应的负刚度矩阵并置入总刚度矩阵，分别求出了转子电磁力，温度应力对其横振临界转速的影响，添补了这方面计算的空白，具有一定的工程应用价值。
在预应力法求解转子横振临界转速的基础上，运用谐响应技术研究了大型汽轮发电机组转子系统的不平衡响应，导出了转子系统位移对频率的响应曲线及在某一个频率点转子系统的应力应变状况。基于预应力法的转子系统谐响应分析拓宽了通常转子系统不平衡响应的计算分析模式，特别是分析系统激励力的频率不等于转子转动的频率时，较为简捷、准确，为转子系统不平衡响应的分析开辟了新的渠道。
利用以上分析的结果，对大型汽轮发电机组转子系统进行了动态优化设计。其中包括多目标、多约束转子系统固有频率的设计；多目标、多约束转子系统位移响应设计。研究了预应力转子的优化设计方法，并采用信赖域方法自编有
——
限元程序对转子系统进行了优化设计。在对转子系统作灵敏度分析的基础上，进
行了大型汽轮发电机组转子一支承系统对基座刚度、转轴直径、圆盘直径、跨度
等设计变量的优化设计。研究了多跨转子与其各单跨转子临界转速之间的联系。
最后，本文研究了转子系统的模态综合法，并进行了优化分析。
Based on the prestrss method to study the critical speeds of a big turbo-generator rotor system and analyse the unbalance-response about the rotor system in the dissertation.It is analysed that the relation of magnetic tensile force and the lateral vibration , ther mal expansion and the lateral vibration on the basis of the enginee -ring problem.The optimization design of a big turbo-generator rotor-bearing system is studied profound -ly and broadly in this dissertation.
On the study of rotor dynamcs problem,the caculating method on the critical speeds is very important.It is necessary for the caculating method to discuss the rotor dynamics characteristics or to design a rotor system. According to the inertia property, It is added for the inertia force to the rotor system to form the prestrss solving method on the rotor dynamics in this dissertation.The prestess model is nearer the rotor working state.Its caculating process is simperer and the solution is more accurate.It is successful on Ansys5.4 platform to use prestress method to solve the problem .It is shown that other big software can be made for this kind of capulation. The relation of the magnetic tensile force or thermal expansion of the big turbogenerator rotor system and the lateral vibration are paid more and more attention on its revolving.It is related to the rotor-system dependent property for long period work.According to the magnetic tensile force or thermal expansion mechanical model
of the rotor-system,it is got the negative rigid matrix and put into whole rigid matrix,and got the influence of the magnetic tensile force or thermal expansion of the rotor-system to lateral vibration. The gap is filled in the field. It can be provided to some engineering use.
On the basis of prestress method to solve rotor critical speeds,it is used for harmonic analysis to study the rotor system nonbalance response on a turbo-generator rotor-system. It is led for the rotor-system displacement to frequencies response curve and rotor-system stress-strain state at a frequencies point.By the analysis method,it has been changed for the rotor-system model to be analysed. Specialy,it is more simple and accurate that the impel force frequencies is not equal to the frequencies of the rotor revolving.lt is a new method of the non-balance response of the rotor system to be analyse.
With all these result that to be analysed,it is maded the optimization desigen for a big turbo-generator rotor-system.Some of them is the design of the multi-objectives and multi-constraints rotor-system natural frequencies; the displacement response of the multi-objective and multi-constraints rotor-system.The optimization desigen method is studied on the rotor system,and to use trust region method to make the optimization desigen and the program made.On the basis of the sensitivity analysis of rotor system,it is made the optimization desigen of a big turbo-generator rotor system to the basis rigid,the axis diameter,the disc diameter,the span and so on.lt is studied for the relation of the mutil-span and the single-span rotor.In the end,it is studied rotor system mode synthesis,and made the optimization desigen.
引文
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22．曲凤波 孙玉田 曲大庄 水轮发电机的不平衡磁拉力 大电机技术 (4)1997
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29．姚大坤 林权 不平衡磁拉力引起水轮发电机转子的超／次谐波共振 大电机技术 (1)1998
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33．高伟 杨建刚 国外电厂开展状态维修工作情况综述 火电机组状态检修技术
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83．浙江大学、南京工学院合编，汽轮发电机的振动与动平衡，水电出版社，1985．
84．清华大学基础课力学教研组，哈尔滨大电机研究所发电机室国产第一台20万千瓦汽轮发电机转子的临界转速第一机械工业部第一届机械强度会议论文选集．机械工业出版社 1977．5 pp115-121
85．20万千瓦汽轮发电机组转子临界转速计算报告书 清华大学理论力学教研组 振动科研组 1966．9
86．51-100-2／TQN-100-2汽轮发电机组支承动刚度实测报告(高井电厂国产十万千瓦机组中间试验项目) 清华大学理论力学教研组振动科研组 哈尔滨汽轮机厂设计处一室强度振动组 1967．6．
87．王正：R传递矩阵法在转子动力学中的应用 清华大学工程力学系理论力学教研组 1982．7．
88. P.N. Bansal, R.G. Kirk:Stability and Damped Critical Speeds of Rotor-Bearing System, .J. of Eng. for Indus. ASME vol. 97, No. 4, 1975, pp. 1325-1332.
89. J.W. Lund and F.K. Orcutt:Calculations and Experiments on the Unbalan-ce Response of a Flexible Rotor, J. of Eng. for Indus. Trans. ASME vol. 89, No. 4, 1967. pp. 785-796.
90. Katsuaki Kikuchi:Analysis of Unbalance Vibration Rotating Shaft System with Many Bearing sand Disks, Bull. of JSME, vol. 13, No. 61, 1970, pp. 864-872
91. Duhl R,L:Dynamics of Distributed Parameter Turborotor Systems: Trans fer Matrix and Finite Techniques, Ph. D. Thesis, Cornell University, Itha-ca N.Y. Jan 1970.
92. H. D. Nelson, J. M. Mc Vaugh: The Dynamics of Rotor-Bearing Systems Using Finite Elements, J. of Eng. for Indus. Trans. ASME vol. 98, No. 2, May 1976, pp. 53-73
93. R.Gasch:Vibration of Large Turbo-Rotors in Fluid-Film Bearing on an Elastic Foun-dation,J.of Sound and Vib.vol.47,No.1,1976,pp.53-73
94. H.D. Nelson:A Finite Rotating Shaft Element using Timosheko Beam theo
-ry, J. of Mech. des. Trans. ASME, vol. 1O2, oct. 1980, pp. 793-803.
95. E. Hashish, T.S. Sankar: Finite Element and Modal Analyses of Rotor-Bearing System Under Stochastic Loading Conditions, Ibid. vol. No. 106 Jan. 1984, pp. 80-89
96. K.K. Gupta:Numerical Analysis of Free Vibration of Damped Rotating Srructures, Conf. on Vib in Rotating Machinery, The Inst. Of Mech. Eng, University of Cambridge, Sept. 15-17,1976, pp. 27-31
97. K.E. Rouch, J.S. Kao: Dynamic Reduction in Rotor Dynamics by the Finite Element Method, J. of Mech. Des.,Trans. ASME, Vol. 1O2, No. 2 Apr. 1980, pp. 360-368.
98. Wang Zheng and Lund, J.W.: Calculation of Long Rotors with Many Bea-rings on A Flexible Foundarion, 3-rd Inrern, Conferece on Vibrations in Rotating Machinery, Univ, of York, 1984.
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