螺栓连接对航空发动机静子机匣动力特性影响的研究
|
摘要
航空发动机一直向着高推重比、大载荷、高转速和高性能性发展。在发动机发展过程中对其动力特性的研究一直是一项重要的课题,其中包括静子机匣的动力特性研究和转子的动力特性研究。影响发动机静子机匣动力特性的因素有很多,本文主要研究了螺栓连接对其动力特性的影响。
目前,在对发动机整机系统进行动力学特性分析时,一般不考虑螺栓预紧力对其振动模态的影响,而是将螺栓连接结构中的各个部件直接合并成为一个整体,即一体化。这种分析模型无法正确反映螺栓连接结构中的刚性连接和阻尼连接以及螺栓预紧力对其动力学特性的影响,其计算结果与实际情况相差很大,尤其当螺栓数量较多时,更是无法在实际应用中使用。本文基于有限元软件MSC./Patran,首先在螺栓连接结构的接触面处添加层单元,然后利用多点约束技术将螺栓连接结构连接在一起,建立了有限元模型,最后编写相应的程序对层单元材料属性进行优化设计,通过合理定义层单元的材料属性来达到准确模拟螺栓连接结构接触面间实际连接刚度的目的。以航空发动机机匣模型为研究对象,应用该方法对其进行模态计算,并与完全刚性连接的一体化简化模型的模态分析结果以及实验模态分析结果进行比较,研究表明,本文采用的方法计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,且计算量小,为有预紧力作用下的螺栓连接结构的有限元计算提供了准确可靠的计算方法,特别是在对工程中复杂螺栓连接结构的有限元建模和振动模态分析时具有其优越性。
Aeroengine have been developing with high thrust-weight ratio, large load, high speed and high performance. In the process of the aeroengine development, dynamic characteristic study has always been an important subject, including case and rotor dynamic characteristic research. There are many factors that affect the dynamic characteristics of the case. This paper mainly studies the influence of the bolted-connection on it.
At present, in the analysis of the whole engine dynamic characteristics, we usually do not consider the influence of bolt pre-tightening force on vibration modal, but make each component of the bolt connection to be mergered as a whole structure. This kind of analysis model can't correctly reflect the rigid connection , damping connection and bolt pre-tightening force of the bolt connection structure on the dynamic characteristics of the structure and the calculating results and the actual are greatly different, especially we can not use this method in actual application when there are so many bolts. In this paper, based on the finite element software MSC. / Patran, a cell element is added in the connect surface between the bolt connection structure, and then the multi-point constraint technology is used to joint the bolt connection structure together, then the finite element model is established, and then the corresponding program is written for the optimization design of the layer material, finally, through the definiting reasonable layer material properies to achieve the purpose of accurately simulating the joint stiffness between the surface of the bolt connection structure. The aeroengine case model is chosen as the research object, then this method is used to calculate the modal. Compared the analysis results of the rigid connection of completely simplified model with the analysis results of experimental modal. It was shown that using the method in this paper has better results and the calculating is simpler. Provids an accurate and reliable method to calculate the structure under a preloaded force, especially in finite element modeling and vibration modal analysis of the complex bolt connection of engineering structure.
目前,在对发动机整机系统进行动力学特性分析时,一般不考虑螺栓预紧力对其振动模态的影响,而是将螺栓连接结构中的各个部件直接合并成为一个整体,即一体化。这种分析模型无法正确反映螺栓连接结构中的刚性连接和阻尼连接以及螺栓预紧力对其动力学特性的影响,其计算结果与实际情况相差很大,尤其当螺栓数量较多时,更是无法在实际应用中使用。本文基于有限元软件MSC./Patran,首先在螺栓连接结构的接触面处添加层单元,然后利用多点约束技术将螺栓连接结构连接在一起,建立了有限元模型,最后编写相应的程序对层单元材料属性进行优化设计,通过合理定义层单元的材料属性来达到准确模拟螺栓连接结构接触面间实际连接刚度的目的。以航空发动机机匣模型为研究对象,应用该方法对其进行模态计算,并与完全刚性连接的一体化简化模型的模态分析结果以及实验模态分析结果进行比较,研究表明,本文采用的方法计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,且计算量小,为有预紧力作用下的螺栓连接结构的有限元计算提供了准确可靠的计算方法,特别是在对工程中复杂螺栓连接结构的有限元建模和振动模态分析时具有其优越性。
Aeroengine have been developing with high thrust-weight ratio, large load, high speed and high performance. In the process of the aeroengine development, dynamic characteristic study has always been an important subject, including case and rotor dynamic characteristic research. There are many factors that affect the dynamic characteristics of the case. This paper mainly studies the influence of the bolted-connection on it.
At present, in the analysis of the whole engine dynamic characteristics, we usually do not consider the influence of bolt pre-tightening force on vibration modal, but make each component of the bolt connection to be mergered as a whole structure. This kind of analysis model can't correctly reflect the rigid connection , damping connection and bolt pre-tightening force of the bolt connection structure on the dynamic characteristics of the structure and the calculating results and the actual are greatly different, especially we can not use this method in actual application when there are so many bolts. In this paper, based on the finite element software MSC. / Patran, a cell element is added in the connect surface between the bolt connection structure, and then the multi-point constraint technology is used to joint the bolt connection structure together, then the finite element model is established, and then the corresponding program is written for the optimization design of the layer material, finally, through the definiting reasonable layer material properies to achieve the purpose of accurately simulating the joint stiffness between the surface of the bolt connection structure. The aeroengine case model is chosen as the research object, then this method is used to calculate the modal. Compared the analysis results of the rigid connection of completely simplified model with the analysis results of experimental modal. It was shown that using the method in this paper has better results and the calculating is simpler. Provids an accurate and reliable method to calculate the structure under a preloaded force, especially in finite element modeling and vibration modal analysis of the complex bolt connection of engineering structure.
引文
[1]刘长福邓明航空发动机结构分析[V]西安:西北工业大学出版社2006
[2]杨韶航空发动机螺栓连接优化设计方法研究硕士论文电子科技大学2009
[3]《航空发动机设计手册》总编委会.《载荷及机匣承力件强度分析》(第17册).北京:航空工业出版社,2001
[4]陈光主编.航空燃气涡轮发动机结构设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1994
[5]高德平,范引鹤主编.航空涡喷、涡扇发动机结构设计准则(第四册机匣).北京:中国航空工业总公司发动机系统工程局,1997
[6]段进,倪栋,王国业.ANSYSIO.O结构分析从入门到精通.北京:兵器工业出版社,2006
[7] T.A.Duffey,Optimal bolt preload for dynamic loading[J].International journal of mechanical sciences,1993,35:257-265.
[8] N.Motosh , Development of design charts for bolts preload up to the plastic range[J].J.Engng Industry,1976,98:849-851.
[9] G.A.Fazekas,On optimal bolt preload[J].Trans.ASME,J.Eng.Ind.,1976:779-782.
[10] M.O.M.Osman,W.M.Mansour,R.V.Dukkipati,On the design of bolted connections with gaskets subjected to fatigue loading[J].J.Engng Industry,1977:388-393.
[11] I.Chapman,J.Newnham,P.Wallace,The tightening of bolts to yield and their performance under load[J].J.Vibr.Acoust.Stress Reliability Design,1986,108:213-221.
[12] R.M.EI-Zahry , Optimum design of preload bolted joint under harmonic excitation[J].J.Sound Vibr.,1986,108:455-470.
[13] J.H.Bickford,An Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints[M].New York,2nd Edition,Marcel Dekker Inc.,1990.
[14] J.B.Min,L.M.Johnston,B.Czekalski.Effect of flange bolt preload on Space Shuttle main engine high pressure oxidizer turbo pump housing analysis[R].NASA Technical Memorandum,NASA TM-103536.
[15] T.A.Duffey,Optimal bolt preload for dynamic loading[J].International journal of mechanical sciences,1993,35:257-265.
[16] Reidar Bjorhovde,AndrééColson,Riccardo Zandonini,Connections in Steel Structures III Behaviour,strength&design[M].1995:431-440.
[17]李至广.钛合金螺纹连接结构预紧力、应力、可靠性分析[D].国防科学技术大学工学硕士学位论文,2004.
[18] Criteria For Preloaded Bolts.NSTS 08307 Revision A.Lyndon B.Johnson Space Center Houston,Texas 77058,1998.
[19] Engineeringatboeing.com.Bolt Analysis Guidelines.
[20]螺栓螺纹拧紧力矩.HB6586-92.中国航大出版社.1992.
[21]航空发动机螺纹连接紧固件拧紧力矩.H86125-87.中国航天出版社.1998.
[22]尹泽勇,欧圆霞,任培正等.航空发动机设计手册:叶片轮盘及主轴强度分析(第18分册)[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2001.
[23]尹泽勇,胡柏安,吴建国等.端齿连接转子轴向预紧力的确定[J].航空动力学报,1996,11(4):355～357.
[24]尹泽勇,胡柏安,吴建国等.端齿连接转子轴向松弛力(压紧力)计算[J].航空学报,1996,17(5):555～560.
[25]胡柏安,尹泽勇,徐友良.端齿连接转子轴向松弛力(压紧力)的三维有限元分析[C].中国航空学会第九届航空发动机结构强度振动学术会议论文集,武夷山,1998:416～420.
[26]胡柏安,尹泽勇,徐友良.两段预紧的端齿连接转子轴向预紧力的确定[J].机械强度,1999,21(4):274～277.
[27]吴建国.端齿连接转子轴向预紧力研究[D].北京航空航天大学硕士学位论文, 1994.
[28]胡柏安,尹泽勇,徐友良等.T700发动机压气机转子向预紧力初探[C].中国航空学会第十届航空发动机结构强度与振动会议,2001.
[29]郭飞跃,成晓鸣.某型组合压气机试验件转子轴向预紧力研究[C].中国航空学会第四届小型发动机学术讨论会,2003.
[30]郭飞跃,邓旺群,成晓鸣.涡轴发动机组合压气机转子轴向预紧力计算方法[J].航空动力学报,2004,19(5):623-629.
[31]杨平。柴油机结构系统的模态分析.电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2004(4)。5～11
[32]杨庆佛,熊诗波,李衍.内燃机结构模态分析的谱均衡瞬态随机激励.内燃机学报,1990(8)
[33] 0chial K.Dynamic behavior of Engine Structure Vibration.Isuzu Motors Ltd.1998
[34] Su Oingzu,Yin Ruiping.Dynamic Characteristic Analysis for Cylinder block of s100 Diesel Engine.Proceedings of the l lth IMAC,1993
[35]张准,苏清祖等.柴油机缸体3维振动特性的数值计算和试验模态分析.江苏工学院学报, 1988(9)
[36]杨庆佛,李衍,李俊保.柴油机缸体动态特性有限元分析.太原“1:业入学学报,1991(9)
[37] Yang Qing,LiYan,Li junbao.Dynamic Analysis and structural Modification of Engine Block,Proceedings of the 9thlMAC,1989
[38]李德葆。振动模态分析及应用。宁航出版社,1989
[39] J.c Chen。Farba J.A.Analytical Model Improvement Using Modal Test Results AI Journal, 1980,8(6)
[40]赵汝嘉。机械结构有限元分析。西安交通大学出版社,1990
[41]倪振华。振动力学。西安交通大学出版,1989
[42]施丽铭,张艳春.拉杆式模型转子固有频率的实验与计算研究[J].振动与冲击. 2008, 27(S): 47-49.
[43]王艾伦等.拉杆转子轴向振动的动力学模型[J].中国机械工程. 2009, 20(13):1524-1527.
[44]章圣聪,王艾伦.盘式拉杆转子的振动特性研究[J].振动与冲击. 2009,28(4):117-120.
[45] Y. Zheng, Y. Rong, Z. Hou. A Finite Element Analysis for Stiffness of Fixture Units[J]. Journal of Manufac- turing Science and Engineering. 2005, 127: 429-432.
[46]高锐等.燃气轮机拉杆转子有限元模型研究及临界转速计算[J].热能动力工程.2009,24(3):305-308.
[47] Hamadan,M.Ebrahimi, et al. Identification of Bolted-joint Interface Models. Proceedings of ISMA 2002 Volume IV: 1741-1747.
[48]赵猛,张以都,马良文等.装配结构模态仿真与实验对比研究[J].振动与冲击Vol.24 No.1 2005.
[49] R. E. Goodman, R. L. Taylor and T. L. Brekke, A model for the mechanics of jointed rock,Journal of the Solid Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 94, pp. 637-559 (1968).
[50] F. E. Heuze and T. G. Barbour, New models for rock joints and interfaces, ASCE Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, Vol. 108, pp. 757-766 (1982).
[51] G. Beer, An isoperimetric joint interface element for finite element analysis, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 21, pp. 585-600, (1985).
[52] C. S. Desai, M. M. Zaman, J. G. Lightner and H. J. Siriwardane, Thin-layer elements for interfaces and joints, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods of Geomechanics, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 19-43 (1984).
[53] C. S. Desai, A. Muqtadir and F. Scheele, Interaction analysis of anchor-soil systems, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 112, No. 5, pp. 537-553, (1986).
[54] P. C. Wong, F. H. Kulhawy and A. R. Ingraffea, Numerical modeling of interface behaviour for drilled shaft foundations under generalized loading, Foundation Engineering: Current Principles and Practice, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication, Vol. 22, pp. 565-579 ( 1989).
[55] T. Matsui and K. C. San, An elastoplastic joint element with its application to reinforce slope cutting, Soils and Foundations, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 95-104 (1989).
[56] T. D. Lau, B. Noruziaan and A. G. Razaqpour, Modelling of construction joints and shear sliding effects on earthquake response of arch dams, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 27, pp. 1013-1029 (1998).
[57] J. S. Lee and G. N. Pande, A new joint element for the analysis of media having discrete discontinuities, Mechanics Cohesive-Frictional Materials, Vol. 4, pp. 487-504 (1999).
[2]杨韶航空发动机螺栓连接优化设计方法研究硕士论文电子科技大学2009
[3]《航空发动机设计手册》总编委会.《载荷及机匣承力件强度分析》(第17册).北京:航空工业出版社,2001
[4]陈光主编.航空燃气涡轮发动机结构设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1994
[5]高德平,范引鹤主编.航空涡喷、涡扇发动机结构设计准则(第四册机匣).北京:中国航空工业总公司发动机系统工程局,1997
[6]段进,倪栋,王国业.ANSYSIO.O结构分析从入门到精通.北京:兵器工业出版社,2006
[7] T.A.Duffey,Optimal bolt preload for dynamic loading[J].International journal of mechanical sciences,1993,35:257-265.
[8] N.Motosh , Development of design charts for bolts preload up to the plastic range[J].J.Engng Industry,1976,98:849-851.
[9] G.A.Fazekas,On optimal bolt preload[J].Trans.ASME,J.Eng.Ind.,1976:779-782.
[10] M.O.M.Osman,W.M.Mansour,R.V.Dukkipati,On the design of bolted connections with gaskets subjected to fatigue loading[J].J.Engng Industry,1977:388-393.
[11] I.Chapman,J.Newnham,P.Wallace,The tightening of bolts to yield and their performance under load[J].J.Vibr.Acoust.Stress Reliability Design,1986,108:213-221.
[12] R.M.EI-Zahry , Optimum design of preload bolted joint under harmonic excitation[J].J.Sound Vibr.,1986,108:455-470.
[13] J.H.Bickford,An Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints[M].New York,2nd Edition,Marcel Dekker Inc.,1990.
[14] J.B.Min,L.M.Johnston,B.Czekalski.Effect of flange bolt preload on Space Shuttle main engine high pressure oxidizer turbo pump housing analysis[R].NASA Technical Memorandum,NASA TM-103536.
[15] T.A.Duffey,Optimal bolt preload for dynamic loading[J].International journal of mechanical sciences,1993,35:257-265.
[16] Reidar Bjorhovde,AndrééColson,Riccardo Zandonini,Connections in Steel Structures III Behaviour,strength&design[M].1995:431-440.
[17]李至广.钛合金螺纹连接结构预紧力、应力、可靠性分析[D].国防科学技术大学工学硕士学位论文,2004.
[18] Criteria For Preloaded Bolts.NSTS 08307 Revision A.Lyndon B.Johnson Space Center Houston,Texas 77058,1998.
[19] Engineeringatboeing.com.Bolt Analysis Guidelines.
[20]螺栓螺纹拧紧力矩.HB6586-92.中国航大出版社.1992.
[21]航空发动机螺纹连接紧固件拧紧力矩.H86125-87.中国航天出版社.1998.
[22]尹泽勇,欧圆霞,任培正等.航空发动机设计手册:叶片轮盘及主轴强度分析(第18分册)[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2001.
[23]尹泽勇,胡柏安,吴建国等.端齿连接转子轴向预紧力的确定[J].航空动力学报,1996,11(4):355～357.
[24]尹泽勇,胡柏安,吴建国等.端齿连接转子轴向松弛力(压紧力)计算[J].航空学报,1996,17(5):555～560.
[25]胡柏安,尹泽勇,徐友良.端齿连接转子轴向松弛力(压紧力)的三维有限元分析[C].中国航空学会第九届航空发动机结构强度振动学术会议论文集,武夷山,1998:416～420.
[26]胡柏安,尹泽勇,徐友良.两段预紧的端齿连接转子轴向预紧力的确定[J].机械强度,1999,21(4):274～277.
[27]吴建国.端齿连接转子轴向预紧力研究[D].北京航空航天大学硕士学位论文, 1994.
[28]胡柏安,尹泽勇,徐友良等.T700发动机压气机转子向预紧力初探[C].中国航空学会第十届航空发动机结构强度与振动会议,2001.
[29]郭飞跃,成晓鸣.某型组合压气机试验件转子轴向预紧力研究[C].中国航空学会第四届小型发动机学术讨论会,2003.
[30]郭飞跃,邓旺群,成晓鸣.涡轴发动机组合压气机转子轴向预紧力计算方法[J].航空动力学报,2004,19(5):623-629.
[31]杨平。柴油机结构系统的模态分析.电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2004(4)。5～11
[32]杨庆佛,熊诗波,李衍.内燃机结构模态分析的谱均衡瞬态随机激励.内燃机学报,1990(8)
[33] 0chial K.Dynamic behavior of Engine Structure Vibration.Isuzu Motors Ltd.1998
[34] Su Oingzu,Yin Ruiping.Dynamic Characteristic Analysis for Cylinder block of s100 Diesel Engine.Proceedings of the l lth IMAC,1993
[35]张准,苏清祖等.柴油机缸体3维振动特性的数值计算和试验模态分析.江苏工学院学报, 1988(9)
[36]杨庆佛,李衍,李俊保.柴油机缸体动态特性有限元分析.太原“1:业入学学报,1991(9)
[37] Yang Qing,LiYan,Li junbao.Dynamic Analysis and structural Modification of Engine Block,Proceedings of the 9thlMAC,1989
[38]李德葆。振动模态分析及应用。宁航出版社,1989
[39] J.c Chen。Farba J.A.Analytical Model Improvement Using Modal Test Results AI Journal, 1980,8(6)
[40]赵汝嘉。机械结构有限元分析。西安交通大学出版社,1990
[41]倪振华。振动力学。西安交通大学出版,1989
[42]施丽铭,张艳春.拉杆式模型转子固有频率的实验与计算研究[J].振动与冲击. 2008, 27(S): 47-49.
[43]王艾伦等.拉杆转子轴向振动的动力学模型[J].中国机械工程. 2009, 20(13):1524-1527.
[44]章圣聪,王艾伦.盘式拉杆转子的振动特性研究[J].振动与冲击. 2009,28(4):117-120.
[45] Y. Zheng, Y. Rong, Z. Hou. A Finite Element Analysis for Stiffness of Fixture Units[J]. Journal of Manufac- turing Science and Engineering. 2005, 127: 429-432.
[46]高锐等.燃气轮机拉杆转子有限元模型研究及临界转速计算[J].热能动力工程.2009,24(3):305-308.
[47] Hamadan,M.Ebrahimi, et al. Identification of Bolted-joint Interface Models. Proceedings of ISMA 2002 Volume IV: 1741-1747.
[48]赵猛,张以都,马良文等.装配结构模态仿真与实验对比研究[J].振动与冲击Vol.24 No.1 2005.
[49] R. E. Goodman, R. L. Taylor and T. L. Brekke, A model for the mechanics of jointed rock,Journal of the Solid Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 94, pp. 637-559 (1968).
[50] F. E. Heuze and T. G. Barbour, New models for rock joints and interfaces, ASCE Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, Vol. 108, pp. 757-766 (1982).
[51] G. Beer, An isoperimetric joint interface element for finite element analysis, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 21, pp. 585-600, (1985).
[52] C. S. Desai, M. M. Zaman, J. G. Lightner and H. J. Siriwardane, Thin-layer elements for interfaces and joints, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods of Geomechanics, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 19-43 (1984).
[53] C. S. Desai, A. Muqtadir and F. Scheele, Interaction analysis of anchor-soil systems, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 112, No. 5, pp. 537-553, (1986).
[54] P. C. Wong, F. H. Kulhawy and A. R. Ingraffea, Numerical modeling of interface behaviour for drilled shaft foundations under generalized loading, Foundation Engineering: Current Principles and Practice, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication, Vol. 22, pp. 565-579 ( 1989).
[55] T. Matsui and K. C. San, An elastoplastic joint element with its application to reinforce slope cutting, Soils and Foundations, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 95-104 (1989).
[56] T. D. Lau, B. Noruziaan and A. G. Razaqpour, Modelling of construction joints and shear sliding effects on earthquake response of arch dams, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 27, pp. 1013-1029 (1998).
[57] J. S. Lee and G. N. Pande, A new joint element for the analysis of media having discrete discontinuities, Mechanics Cohesive-Frictional Materials, Vol. 4, pp. 487-504 (1999).
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |