内燃机燃烧噪声传递路径识别及评价研究
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摘要
内燃机燃烧噪声在整机噪声中占有重要地位,掌握燃烧噪声的传递途径是控制燃烧噪声的有效方法之一。本文以河南407厂620V12内燃机为研究对象,对燃烧噪声的传递途径进行了深入的研究,并利用有限元和边界元的方法预测内燃机的燃烧噪声。
本文首先将内燃机缸盖、机体、油底壳实体模型进行合理简化,并进行组合,建立零部件和整机的有限元模型,分别进行了模态分析,比较网格的疏密划分对结果的影响,分析了其振动特性,为下一步的研究做好基础。
然后通过气缸压力详细计算了其传递到气缸盖、缸套和主轴承上力的大小,利用ANSYS软件将这三种力施加在有限元模型上,气缸套受力根据等效节点载荷的方法施加在节点上,缸盖压力施加在缸盖底部的节点上,轴承力则是利用表载荷的方法施加在轴承上,获得一个工作循环下其表面的振动响应结果,并对不同位置的节点振动情况进行了分析,结果表明机体侧面上部和缸盖顶部节点位移变化反映了气缸压力的变化,而内燃机机体观察窗附近的振动情况复杂,针对这一现象,分别分析了这三种力对机体观察窗附近节点的影响,并分析了每种途径下力传递能量的大小。缸盖压力是主要传递能量的途径之一,对缸盖和油底壳的横向振动、机体观察窗附近的竖向振动以及前端盖的纵向振动都有影响；缸套压力对表面振动影响较小,这是由于本身作用力的对称性以及在缸套上作用面积较小而导致的；气缸压力传递到主轴承上的作用力对整机的影响,相对缸盖力的影响并不大。
接着利用振动烈度和声压级评价内燃机缸盖压力、缸套压力和主轴承力三条传递途径传递能量的大小。以振动烈度为评价标准计算结果：气缸盖传递能量为总能量的60%,主轴承力传递总能量的35%,而缸盖传递能量为5%。以总声压级为评价标准,同样得到结果气缸盖传递能量占第一位,主轴承力传递能量占第二位,缸盖力传递能量为最小。
最后建立内燃机的边界元模型,编写有限元谱分析程序,将瞬态响应分析得到的表面节点随时间变化的振动位移转化为随频率变化的位移数据；利用几何差值方法从有限元分析得到的节点振动位移计算出边界元模型的节点振动位移,利用边界元软件SYSNOISE计算得到内燃机通过三条途径共同作用距表面1m处的噪声辐射情况。
The combustion noise is in the highest flight of engine, and knowing the transfer path of combustion noise is one of effective methods on the controlling noise. The paper focuses on the 620V12 diesel engine manufactured by HeNan factory 407, researches the transfer path of combustion noise in detail, and predicts the combustion noise of engine.
Firstly the diesel engine cylinder head, block and oil pan parts are simplified and combined, and the finite element model of components and the combination are established, the model analysis is conducted on the effect of the element's size, for the vibration characteristic's further research.
Then on the based of the cylinders pressure the force of cylinder head, cylinder liner and the main bearing are calculated, which area brought to bear on the finite element model using the software ANSYS, the method of equivalent node load is for the cylinder liner force, cylinder pressure is for the cylinder head bottom nodes, the method of table load is for the main bearing; the result of surface vibration displacement in one working cycle is gained to analyze the different node's vibration, from which it can be concluded that the nodes displacement of block left-up side and cylinder head topside reflect the cylinder pressure, however, it's complex of the block two side's displacements, for which the impact of the three kinds of force and transfer energy are considered separately. Cylinder pressure is one of the transfer energy path, which affects the transverse vibration of cylinder head and oil pan, the vertical vibration of block and the lengthways of front-end cover; cylinder pressure is little effect on the surface vibration, that because it's symmetrical and active area is little; bearing force is effect on engine is big compared to cylinder pressure.
Following, the transfer path energy of cylinder head, cylinder liner and main bearing is evaluated by vibration intensity and sound pressure level. To the vibration intensity as a stander, the computed result is that cylinder head transfer energy proportion is 60%, main bearing transfer energy proportion is 35%, and cylinder head transfer energy proportion is 5%. To the sound pressure level as a stander, the result is identical to the result by the vibration intensity, which is the cylinder head transfer energy is number one, the main bearing transfer energy is number two, and the cylinder liner transfer energy is the last one.
Finally, the boundary element model of internal combustion engine is established, and the finite element analysis program is written, which transferred from vibration displacement of assembly surface node in the time domain by use of transient response analysis to vibration displacement data of surface node in frequency domain; It calculated mode vibration displacement of boundary element model from FE analyzed mode vibration displacement by use of geometry interpolation method, and get the radiation noise from surface 1 meter using the software SYSNOISE.
本文首先将内燃机缸盖、机体、油底壳实体模型进行合理简化,并进行组合,建立零部件和整机的有限元模型,分别进行了模态分析,比较网格的疏密划分对结果的影响,分析了其振动特性,为下一步的研究做好基础。
然后通过气缸压力详细计算了其传递到气缸盖、缸套和主轴承上力的大小,利用ANSYS软件将这三种力施加在有限元模型上,气缸套受力根据等效节点载荷的方法施加在节点上,缸盖压力施加在缸盖底部的节点上,轴承力则是利用表载荷的方法施加在轴承上,获得一个工作循环下其表面的振动响应结果,并对不同位置的节点振动情况进行了分析,结果表明机体侧面上部和缸盖顶部节点位移变化反映了气缸压力的变化,而内燃机机体观察窗附近的振动情况复杂,针对这一现象,分别分析了这三种力对机体观察窗附近节点的影响,并分析了每种途径下力传递能量的大小。缸盖压力是主要传递能量的途径之一,对缸盖和油底壳的横向振动、机体观察窗附近的竖向振动以及前端盖的纵向振动都有影响；缸套压力对表面振动影响较小,这是由于本身作用力的对称性以及在缸套上作用面积较小而导致的；气缸压力传递到主轴承上的作用力对整机的影响,相对缸盖力的影响并不大。
接着利用振动烈度和声压级评价内燃机缸盖压力、缸套压力和主轴承力三条传递途径传递能量的大小。以振动烈度为评价标准计算结果：气缸盖传递能量为总能量的60%,主轴承力传递总能量的35%,而缸盖传递能量为5%。以总声压级为评价标准,同样得到结果气缸盖传递能量占第一位,主轴承力传递能量占第二位,缸盖力传递能量为最小。
最后建立内燃机的边界元模型,编写有限元谱分析程序,将瞬态响应分析得到的表面节点随时间变化的振动位移转化为随频率变化的位移数据；利用几何差值方法从有限元分析得到的节点振动位移计算出边界元模型的节点振动位移,利用边界元软件SYSNOISE计算得到内燃机通过三条途径共同作用距表面1m处的噪声辐射情况。
The combustion noise is in the highest flight of engine, and knowing the transfer path of combustion noise is one of effective methods on the controlling noise. The paper focuses on the 620V12 diesel engine manufactured by HeNan factory 407, researches the transfer path of combustion noise in detail, and predicts the combustion noise of engine.
Firstly the diesel engine cylinder head, block and oil pan parts are simplified and combined, and the finite element model of components and the combination are established, the model analysis is conducted on the effect of the element's size, for the vibration characteristic's further research.
Then on the based of the cylinders pressure the force of cylinder head, cylinder liner and the main bearing are calculated, which area brought to bear on the finite element model using the software ANSYS, the method of equivalent node load is for the cylinder liner force, cylinder pressure is for the cylinder head bottom nodes, the method of table load is for the main bearing; the result of surface vibration displacement in one working cycle is gained to analyze the different node's vibration, from which it can be concluded that the nodes displacement of block left-up side and cylinder head topside reflect the cylinder pressure, however, it's complex of the block two side's displacements, for which the impact of the three kinds of force and transfer energy are considered separately. Cylinder pressure is one of the transfer energy path, which affects the transverse vibration of cylinder head and oil pan, the vertical vibration of block and the lengthways of front-end cover; cylinder pressure is little effect on the surface vibration, that because it's symmetrical and active area is little; bearing force is effect on engine is big compared to cylinder pressure.
Following, the transfer path energy of cylinder head, cylinder liner and main bearing is evaluated by vibration intensity and sound pressure level. To the vibration intensity as a stander, the computed result is that cylinder head transfer energy proportion is 60%, main bearing transfer energy proportion is 35%, and cylinder head transfer energy proportion is 5%. To the sound pressure level as a stander, the result is identical to the result by the vibration intensity, which is the cylinder head transfer energy is number one, the main bearing transfer energy is number two, and the cylinder liner transfer energy is the last one.
Finally, the boundary element model of internal combustion engine is established, and the finite element analysis program is written, which transferred from vibration displacement of assembly surface node in the time domain by use of transient response analysis to vibration displacement data of surface node in frequency domain; It calculated mode vibration displacement of boundary element model from FE analyzed mode vibration displacement by use of geometry interpolation method, and get the radiation noise from surface 1 meter using the software SYSNOISE.
引文
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