垂直上升油水及油气水多相流流动参数测量方法研究
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摘要
为了研究集流型两相流测井仪器不可视集流通道内的油水两相流流动结构及流动参数测量,本文首先设计了集快关阀、电导式探针、纵向多极阵列电导式传感器、双螺旋电容式传感器和超声传感器于一体的油水两相流测量系统,在内径为20 mm管道内进行了垂直上升油水两相流动态实验,建立了实验流型图,标定了两种电学传感器测量响应,并分析了油水相间滑脱特性,研究了分相流量及油水总流量测量模型,此外利用符号动态滤波方法,从超声传感器波动信号中提取了持油率信息。为了研究油井内大管径垂直上升油气水三相流流动特性,以为油气水三相流测井资料解释方法提供流型研究基础,本文利用纵向多极阵列电导式传感器和电导式探针组合测量方法在内径为125 mm管道内进行垂直上升油气水三相流动态实验,绘制了四种油水总流量下流型图,并对水为连续相的五种流型VMEA传感器电导波动信号进行了时频域和非线性(混沌吸引子形态学和复杂性测度包括Lempel-Ziv复杂性、近似熵和多尺度熵)的处理与分析,表征了流型转化的非线性动力学特性。论文研究工作取得了创新性成果如下:
1.基于微型电导探针测量方法,首先开展了小管径垂直上升油水两相流流型实验及流型物理模型研究,实验发现小管径油水流动时向油包水流型转化边界基本发生在Yw = 0.25,向水包油流型转化边界基本发生在Yw = 0.35,且流型实验结果与两相流流型转换边界模型甚为吻合。基于相含率快关阀实验结果,在油水两相流动态测量条件下实际标定了所设计的电导式及螺旋电容式传感器测量响应特性,发现在集流条件下,两种传感器测量响应均与标定相含率之间具有较高灵敏度的线性相关关系。基于两相流运动波理论模型及漂移模型,建立了垂直上升油水两相流总流量及分相流量测量模型,取得了较高精度的总流量及分相流量测量结果。
2.为了探讨高含水时的油水两相流持水率测量问题,开展了超声传感器油水两相流相含率测量方法研究。为解决分散相对超声多次反射造成的测量信号与相含率之间关系模糊问题,本课题将符号动态滤波方法引入超声信号处理与分析,并提取了与持率值密切相关的流动测度特征量,发现超声信号流动测度与持油率具有良好的高分辨率线性相关关系,为高含水时的油水流型相含率测量提供了一种新思路。
3.通过垂直上升油气水三相流流型实验与电导传感器信号测量分析,发现液相中含油率的增加使得水包油段塞流在较低的气相表观速度产生,且在大管径低流速下,液液两相流中由水为连续相到油为连续相的逆转发生在油液比为0.9左右,气体搅拌作用使得相态逆转点向含油率较低的方向偏移。发现五种流型波动信号的相空间吸引子形态能够细节地反映三相流流型动力学演化过程,Lempel-Ziv复杂性测度与近似熵组合可以较好地辨识油气水三相流流型,此外,多尺度熵从不同时间尺度上较好地刻画了五种三相流流型的非线性动力学特性,发现多尺度熵率对流型变化敏感,可作为三相流流型划分的有效准则。油气水三相流电导波动信号的多尺度非线性时间序列分析为揭示其流型动力学演化机制提供了新的有效途径。
In order to study on the flow patterns and flow parameter measurement of oil-water two-phase flow in the non-visually concentrating passage of packer type well logging instrument for oil-water two-phase flow, the measurement system composed of quick closing valve, mini-conductance probe, vertical multi-electrode array (VMEA) conductance sensor, helical-surface capacitance sensor and ultrasonic sensor is designed to carry out vertical upward oil-water two-phase flow dynamic experiment in a 20 mm ID pipe. The flow pattern map is constructed and the measuring responses for the two kinds of electrical sensors are calibrated. And also, the author analyzes the oil-water interfacial slippage and researches the measurement models of the partial phase flowrate and total flowrate. Additionally, Symbolic dynamic filtering is applied to extract the information of oil holdup from ultrasonic sensor fluctuating signal. To study vertical upward oil-gas-liquid three-phase flow characteristics in large diameter oil well and provide the flow pattern research basis for oil-gas-water three-phase flow well logging data interpretation method, the vertical upward oil-gas-water three-phase flow dynamic experiment was conducted in a 125 mm ID flow loop using the combination sensors of VMEA sensor and mini-conductance probe and flow pattern maps for four total mixture liquid flowrates are constructed. Also the nonlinear dynamical feature of flow pattern transition are characterized by processing and analyzing the conductance fluctuating signals for the five flow patterns with water as the continuous liquid using traditional time-frequency domain and nonlinear (chaotic attractor morphological description and complexity measures including Lempel-Ziv complexity, approximate entropy and multi-scale entropy) analysis methods and they obtain a good result of flow pattern identification. The creative points of this study are as follows:
1. Based on the measurement method of mini-conductance probe, the experiment of vertical upward oil-water two-phase flow pattern in a small diameter pipe and the research of flow pattern physical model are firstly conducted. The experiment indicates that the transition boundary of to water in oil flow flow for small diameter oil-water flow basically occurs at Yw = 0.25, and the transition boundary of to oil in water flow is basically at Yw = 0.35. What is more, the flow pattern experiment result is close agreement with the flow pattern transition boundary model. Based on the experiment of quick closing valve for phase volume fraction, the response properties of the two kinds of designed sensors which are the conductance sensor and capacitance sensor are practically calibrated in oil-water two-phase flow dynamic measurement, showing that there are high sensitive and linear relationship between the measurement responses of the two sensors and the calibrated phase volume fraction. And then the measurement models of total flowrate and partial phase flowrate for vertical upward oil-water two-phase flow are established by kinematic wave theoretical model and drift model and they obtain the high precision of measurement for total and partial phase flowrate.
2. The phase volume fraction measurement method by ultrasonic sensor is studied to explore the water holdup of oil-water two-phase flow with high water cut. In order to resolve the fuzzy relation between the phase volume fraction and measured ultrasonic signal, which is caused by the multi-reflection of the ultrasound for the reason of the dispersed phase oil droplets, the symbolic dynamic filtering method is introduced to process and anlyze the ultrasonic signal in the paper and the characteristic quantity named flow measure which is closely related to holdup is extracted. The author finds out that there is a good high resolution and linear relationship between the flow measure calculated by ultrasonic signal and oil holdup. Thus, it provides a new strategy for the phase volume fraction measurement for oil-water two-phase flow with high water cut.
3. Through the vertical upward oil-gas-water three-phase flow pattern experiment and the analysis of conductance sensor measured signal, the author finds out that the increase of the ratio of oil flowrate to total liquid flowrate makes oil in water type slug flow occur at lower superficial gas velocity; for large diameter pipe and low flow velocity, the continuous liquid inversion occurs at about the ratio of oil flowrate to total liquid flowrate equal to 0.9 and the agitation of gas makes the phase inversion of liquids move to the low ratio of oil flowrate to total florate. The phase space state of attractor reconstructed by flow pattern fluctuating signal could reflect the dynamical evolution characteristics of three-phase flow pattern in details. The combination of Lempel-Ziv complexity measure and approximate entropy could better identify oil-gas-water three-phase flow patterns. Multi-scale entropy could reveals the nonlinear dynamical characteristics of five oil-gas-water three-phase flow patterns from different time sacles and Rate of MSE which sensitively indicates the variation of flow patterns could act as the effective criterion of three-phase flow patterns identification. The multi-scale nonlinear time series analysis of oil-gas-water three-phase flow conductance fluctuating signal provides a new approach to reveal the dynamical evolution mechanism of oil-gas-water three-phase flow pattern.
1.基于微型电导探针测量方法,首先开展了小管径垂直上升油水两相流流型实验及流型物理模型研究,实验发现小管径油水流动时向油包水流型转化边界基本发生在Yw = 0.25,向水包油流型转化边界基本发生在Yw = 0.35,且流型实验结果与两相流流型转换边界模型甚为吻合。基于相含率快关阀实验结果,在油水两相流动态测量条件下实际标定了所设计的电导式及螺旋电容式传感器测量响应特性,发现在集流条件下,两种传感器测量响应均与标定相含率之间具有较高灵敏度的线性相关关系。基于两相流运动波理论模型及漂移模型,建立了垂直上升油水两相流总流量及分相流量测量模型,取得了较高精度的总流量及分相流量测量结果。
2.为了探讨高含水时的油水两相流持水率测量问题,开展了超声传感器油水两相流相含率测量方法研究。为解决分散相对超声多次反射造成的测量信号与相含率之间关系模糊问题,本课题将符号动态滤波方法引入超声信号处理与分析,并提取了与持率值密切相关的流动测度特征量,发现超声信号流动测度与持油率具有良好的高分辨率线性相关关系,为高含水时的油水流型相含率测量提供了一种新思路。
3.通过垂直上升油气水三相流流型实验与电导传感器信号测量分析,发现液相中含油率的增加使得水包油段塞流在较低的气相表观速度产生,且在大管径低流速下,液液两相流中由水为连续相到油为连续相的逆转发生在油液比为0.9左右,气体搅拌作用使得相态逆转点向含油率较低的方向偏移。发现五种流型波动信号的相空间吸引子形态能够细节地反映三相流流型动力学演化过程,Lempel-Ziv复杂性测度与近似熵组合可以较好地辨识油气水三相流流型,此外,多尺度熵从不同时间尺度上较好地刻画了五种三相流流型的非线性动力学特性,发现多尺度熵率对流型变化敏感,可作为三相流流型划分的有效准则。油气水三相流电导波动信号的多尺度非线性时间序列分析为揭示其流型动力学演化机制提供了新的有效途径。
In order to study on the flow patterns and flow parameter measurement of oil-water two-phase flow in the non-visually concentrating passage of packer type well logging instrument for oil-water two-phase flow, the measurement system composed of quick closing valve, mini-conductance probe, vertical multi-electrode array (VMEA) conductance sensor, helical-surface capacitance sensor and ultrasonic sensor is designed to carry out vertical upward oil-water two-phase flow dynamic experiment in a 20 mm ID pipe. The flow pattern map is constructed and the measuring responses for the two kinds of electrical sensors are calibrated. And also, the author analyzes the oil-water interfacial slippage and researches the measurement models of the partial phase flowrate and total flowrate. Additionally, Symbolic dynamic filtering is applied to extract the information of oil holdup from ultrasonic sensor fluctuating signal. To study vertical upward oil-gas-liquid three-phase flow characteristics in large diameter oil well and provide the flow pattern research basis for oil-gas-water three-phase flow well logging data interpretation method, the vertical upward oil-gas-water three-phase flow dynamic experiment was conducted in a 125 mm ID flow loop using the combination sensors of VMEA sensor and mini-conductance probe and flow pattern maps for four total mixture liquid flowrates are constructed. Also the nonlinear dynamical feature of flow pattern transition are characterized by processing and analyzing the conductance fluctuating signals for the five flow patterns with water as the continuous liquid using traditional time-frequency domain and nonlinear (chaotic attractor morphological description and complexity measures including Lempel-Ziv complexity, approximate entropy and multi-scale entropy) analysis methods and they obtain a good result of flow pattern identification. The creative points of this study are as follows:
1. Based on the measurement method of mini-conductance probe, the experiment of vertical upward oil-water two-phase flow pattern in a small diameter pipe and the research of flow pattern physical model are firstly conducted. The experiment indicates that the transition boundary of to water in oil flow flow for small diameter oil-water flow basically occurs at Yw = 0.25, and the transition boundary of to oil in water flow is basically at Yw = 0.35. What is more, the flow pattern experiment result is close agreement with the flow pattern transition boundary model. Based on the experiment of quick closing valve for phase volume fraction, the response properties of the two kinds of designed sensors which are the conductance sensor and capacitance sensor are practically calibrated in oil-water two-phase flow dynamic measurement, showing that there are high sensitive and linear relationship between the measurement responses of the two sensors and the calibrated phase volume fraction. And then the measurement models of total flowrate and partial phase flowrate for vertical upward oil-water two-phase flow are established by kinematic wave theoretical model and drift model and they obtain the high precision of measurement for total and partial phase flowrate.
2. The phase volume fraction measurement method by ultrasonic sensor is studied to explore the water holdup of oil-water two-phase flow with high water cut. In order to resolve the fuzzy relation between the phase volume fraction and measured ultrasonic signal, which is caused by the multi-reflection of the ultrasound for the reason of the dispersed phase oil droplets, the symbolic dynamic filtering method is introduced to process and anlyze the ultrasonic signal in the paper and the characteristic quantity named flow measure which is closely related to holdup is extracted. The author finds out that there is a good high resolution and linear relationship between the flow measure calculated by ultrasonic signal and oil holdup. Thus, it provides a new strategy for the phase volume fraction measurement for oil-water two-phase flow with high water cut.
3. Through the vertical upward oil-gas-water three-phase flow pattern experiment and the analysis of conductance sensor measured signal, the author finds out that the increase of the ratio of oil flowrate to total liquid flowrate makes oil in water type slug flow occur at lower superficial gas velocity; for large diameter pipe and low flow velocity, the continuous liquid inversion occurs at about the ratio of oil flowrate to total liquid flowrate equal to 0.9 and the agitation of gas makes the phase inversion of liquids move to the low ratio of oil flowrate to total florate. The phase space state of attractor reconstructed by flow pattern fluctuating signal could reflect the dynamical evolution characteristics of three-phase flow pattern in details. The combination of Lempel-Ziv complexity measure and approximate entropy could better identify oil-gas-water three-phase flow patterns. Multi-scale entropy could reveals the nonlinear dynamical characteristics of five oil-gas-water three-phase flow patterns from different time sacles and Rate of MSE which sensitively indicates the variation of flow patterns could act as the effective criterion of three-phase flow patterns identification. The multi-scale nonlinear time series analysis of oil-gas-water three-phase flow conductance fluctuating signal provides a new approach to reveal the dynamical evolution mechanism of oil-gas-water three-phase flow pattern.
引文
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