深厚杂填土地基处理应用研究
|
摘要
随着城市的发展,需要在杂填土上建设各种建筑物或修筑公路、铁路等基础设施。同时人们的环保意识也逐步提高,在进行各种建设时须处理好地基处理与环保的关系。因此研究杂填土特别是深厚杂填土地基处理技术是很有必要的。
杂填土的工程性质包括:重度、含水量、孔隙率、渗透系数、剪切强度和压缩性。影响杂填土性质的因素:堆积年限、填料及其组合性质、密实程度、地下水的侵蚀和下卧层岩性。
在选择杂填土处理方法时应考虑杂填土场地性质不均、厚度变化大,强度低,压缩性大并有较强湿陷性、自重压密性,以及渗滤液污染土体和地下水,H2S等毒气、毒液、毒物和富集沼气对人的危害,对桩产生的负摩擦力等问题进行分析与择定,表明重锤夯扩挤密法较适宜于处理深厚杂填土。重锤夯扩挤密法能就地取材,造价低,具有绿色工程的特点;具有高动能和强挤密效应,均匀性好,地基承载力提高显著;在分层土中桩体呈串珠状,桩与桩间土呈“咬合”和“抱紧”的现象。
重锤夯扩挤密法的宏观加固机理是采用高压夯击和动态冲、砸、挤压的强力压实和挤密作用,不仅使桩体十分密实,而且使桩周土受到侧向强力挤密应力,成桩后应力释放对桩体产生很大的侧向约束“抱紧”作用,使桩体具有刚、柔性桩的特点。对于分层地基或软硬不均土层,桩体在施工挤密过程中会形成串珠体,有利于桩与桩侧土的紧密“咬合”增大了侧壁摩阻力。微观加固机理是在冲击力的作用下土的结构发生持续的“聚合作用”,在土体中出现由较小的土粒沿大颗粒环向平行排列而形成的旋涡状结构,使土体的工程力学性质得到改善。土体密实由三部分组成:(1)巨大的冲击力使颗粒的“架空”结构被破坏,使孔隙体积减少;(2)在巨大的冲击力作用下,填土颗粒被剪切、破碎而互相填充、挤密,使土石体更加密实、结构更加稳定;(3)杂填土中的骨架颗粒的弹性变形引起的体积压缩。处理后的桩与桩间土形成一个密实整体,形成的复合地基不仅刚度均匀,而且承载性状显著改善。
用ANSYS模型对渣土桩处理杂填土地基的处理效果进行计算分析,ANSYS模型可以较好地反映夯击时土体的位移情况,与实测结果及经验值较为一致。
结合北京动车段杂填土场地渣土桩、注浆和复合载体桩处理方法的室内试验和现场测试,表明经渣土桩处理后地基承载力和沉降满足设计要求。对整个场地分区域采用覆盖和放空排气两种处理技术,能有效控制场地产生的气体。
With the development of the city, various building or construct infrastructures, such as highway and railroad etc. need construct on the miscellaneous fill. People’s consciousness of environmental protection gradually raised in the meantime, the relation between ground treatment and environmental protection should be well handled. Therefore the research on the ground treatment technique of miscellaneous fill, especially for the deep miscellaneous fill, is very necessary.
The engineering properties of miscellaneous fill include: unit weight, water content, porosity, coefficient of permeability, shear strength and compressibility. The influencing factors of the miscellaneous fill’s properties include: fill time, filling and theirs combination property, compactness, ground water erode and subjacent bed lithology.
When choosing the ground treatment method of miscellaneous fill, people should consider that the miscellaneous fill ground has differential property, various thickness, low strength, high compressibility and strong collapsibility and self-weight consolidation, and the problems of filtration liquid polluting soil and groundwater, the H2S etc. poisonous gas, venom, poison and enrichment methane imperiling people, producing negative friction etc. . Analysis and selection result shows that the pile filler is well fit for treating deep miscellaneous fill. The pile filler can acquire material locally, have low price, and have the characteristics of green engineering; have high kinetic energy and strong compaction effect, good uniformity, evidently raise ground’s bearing capacity. The pile filler body presents the form of a string of bead in the layering soil. Pile and soil present the phenomena of "occlusion" and "enclasp". The construction goes in brief and easily.
The macroscopical working mechanism of the heavy-hammer rammed-expanded compaction pile uses the high pressure and the function of dynamical thrusting, smashing and squeezing to compact the soil, which not only makes the pile body compact, but also makes the soil round the pile be subjected strong side compact strength. Strength releasing produces great side restrained "enclasp" effect after the pile forming. Therefore the pile body has the characteristics of the rigid pile and flexible pile. For the layering ground or non-uniform soil, the pile body will become a string of bead in the construction, favoring for the pile and the soil round the pile to closely "occlude" to increase side frictional resistance. The pile and the soil among the pile form compacted whole after reinforcement. The microcosmic working mechanism of the heavy-hammer rammed-expanded compaction pile is that the soil structure produces "aggregation" under wallop. The smaller soil grain parallel alignment following the big grain under wallop, the circinate structure appears in soil. This kind of structure makes the engineering mechanics property of the soil improved. The compaction of soil includes:(1)the huge impact makes the "overhead " structure of soil break and the hole volume reduce;(2)under the huge impact, the soil grain is sheared, broken up or the sharp angle broken up then filled and crowded, which makes the soil more compacted and the structure more stable(;3)The volume compression is caused by the flexibility of miscellaneous fill grain. The compound ground is not only rigidity even, but also its bearing behavior is evidently improved.
Using ANSYS model to analyze the effect of pile filler treatment for miscellaneous fill, ANSYS model can well reflect the soil’s displacement during thrusting. The simulation result is consistent with measure result and experienced value.
The laboratory and in-situ test did about pile filler, grouting and ram-compacted piles with bearing base in miscellaneous fill, the result shows that the field’s bearing capacity and settlement is satisfactory for design after treatment. Using cladding and discharge treatment technique in different district on the whole field can effectively control the field’s gas creation.
杂填土的工程性质包括:重度、含水量、孔隙率、渗透系数、剪切强度和压缩性。影响杂填土性质的因素:堆积年限、填料及其组合性质、密实程度、地下水的侵蚀和下卧层岩性。
在选择杂填土处理方法时应考虑杂填土场地性质不均、厚度变化大,强度低,压缩性大并有较强湿陷性、自重压密性,以及渗滤液污染土体和地下水,H2S等毒气、毒液、毒物和富集沼气对人的危害,对桩产生的负摩擦力等问题进行分析与择定,表明重锤夯扩挤密法较适宜于处理深厚杂填土。重锤夯扩挤密法能就地取材,造价低,具有绿色工程的特点;具有高动能和强挤密效应,均匀性好,地基承载力提高显著;在分层土中桩体呈串珠状,桩与桩间土呈“咬合”和“抱紧”的现象。
重锤夯扩挤密法的宏观加固机理是采用高压夯击和动态冲、砸、挤压的强力压实和挤密作用,不仅使桩体十分密实,而且使桩周土受到侧向强力挤密应力,成桩后应力释放对桩体产生很大的侧向约束“抱紧”作用,使桩体具有刚、柔性桩的特点。对于分层地基或软硬不均土层,桩体在施工挤密过程中会形成串珠体,有利于桩与桩侧土的紧密“咬合”增大了侧壁摩阻力。微观加固机理是在冲击力的作用下土的结构发生持续的“聚合作用”,在土体中出现由较小的土粒沿大颗粒环向平行排列而形成的旋涡状结构,使土体的工程力学性质得到改善。土体密实由三部分组成:(1)巨大的冲击力使颗粒的“架空”结构被破坏,使孔隙体积减少;(2)在巨大的冲击力作用下,填土颗粒被剪切、破碎而互相填充、挤密,使土石体更加密实、结构更加稳定;(3)杂填土中的骨架颗粒的弹性变形引起的体积压缩。处理后的桩与桩间土形成一个密实整体,形成的复合地基不仅刚度均匀,而且承载性状显著改善。
用ANSYS模型对渣土桩处理杂填土地基的处理效果进行计算分析,ANSYS模型可以较好地反映夯击时土体的位移情况,与实测结果及经验值较为一致。
结合北京动车段杂填土场地渣土桩、注浆和复合载体桩处理方法的室内试验和现场测试,表明经渣土桩处理后地基承载力和沉降满足设计要求。对整个场地分区域采用覆盖和放空排气两种处理技术,能有效控制场地产生的气体。
With the development of the city, various building or construct infrastructures, such as highway and railroad etc. need construct on the miscellaneous fill. People’s consciousness of environmental protection gradually raised in the meantime, the relation between ground treatment and environmental protection should be well handled. Therefore the research on the ground treatment technique of miscellaneous fill, especially for the deep miscellaneous fill, is very necessary.
The engineering properties of miscellaneous fill include: unit weight, water content, porosity, coefficient of permeability, shear strength and compressibility. The influencing factors of the miscellaneous fill’s properties include: fill time, filling and theirs combination property, compactness, ground water erode and subjacent bed lithology.
When choosing the ground treatment method of miscellaneous fill, people should consider that the miscellaneous fill ground has differential property, various thickness, low strength, high compressibility and strong collapsibility and self-weight consolidation, and the problems of filtration liquid polluting soil and groundwater, the H2S etc. poisonous gas, venom, poison and enrichment methane imperiling people, producing negative friction etc. . Analysis and selection result shows that the pile filler is well fit for treating deep miscellaneous fill. The pile filler can acquire material locally, have low price, and have the characteristics of green engineering; have high kinetic energy and strong compaction effect, good uniformity, evidently raise ground’s bearing capacity. The pile filler body presents the form of a string of bead in the layering soil. Pile and soil present the phenomena of "occlusion" and "enclasp". The construction goes in brief and easily.
The macroscopical working mechanism of the heavy-hammer rammed-expanded compaction pile uses the high pressure and the function of dynamical thrusting, smashing and squeezing to compact the soil, which not only makes the pile body compact, but also makes the soil round the pile be subjected strong side compact strength. Strength releasing produces great side restrained "enclasp" effect after the pile forming. Therefore the pile body has the characteristics of the rigid pile and flexible pile. For the layering ground or non-uniform soil, the pile body will become a string of bead in the construction, favoring for the pile and the soil round the pile to closely "occlude" to increase side frictional resistance. The pile and the soil among the pile form compacted whole after reinforcement. The microcosmic working mechanism of the heavy-hammer rammed-expanded compaction pile is that the soil structure produces "aggregation" under wallop. The smaller soil grain parallel alignment following the big grain under wallop, the circinate structure appears in soil. This kind of structure makes the engineering mechanics property of the soil improved. The compaction of soil includes:(1)the huge impact makes the "overhead " structure of soil break and the hole volume reduce;(2)under the huge impact, the soil grain is sheared, broken up or the sharp angle broken up then filled and crowded, which makes the soil more compacted and the structure more stable(;3)The volume compression is caused by the flexibility of miscellaneous fill grain. The compound ground is not only rigidity even, but also its bearing behavior is evidently improved.
Using ANSYS model to analyze the effect of pile filler treatment for miscellaneous fill, ANSYS model can well reflect the soil’s displacement during thrusting. The simulation result is consistent with measure result and experienced value.
The laboratory and in-situ test did about pile filler, grouting and ram-compacted piles with bearing base in miscellaneous fill, the result shows that the field’s bearing capacity and settlement is satisfactory for design after treatment. Using cladding and discharge treatment technique in different district on the whole field can effectively control the field’s gas creation.
引文
[1] 杨定国,吴瑞潜,王秋苹.杂填土地基的评价与利用.绍兴文理学院学报,2005,25(8):68-71
[2] 曾国熙.地基处理手册[M].北京:中国建筑业出版社,1998
[3] Xuede Qian, Robert M. Koerner, Donald H.Gray. Geotechnical Aspects of Landfill Design and Construction. Prentice Hall.2002
[4] Conrad, L.G.,(2000)”A Canadian Perspective of Using the Britannia Sanitary Landfill Site as a Golf Course,” Proceedings of 5th Landfill Symposium of the Solid Waste Association of North America, Austin, Teas, June 27-30,pp.73-79.
[5] 尹伯悦,谢飞鸿.城市垃圾场地地基处理方法.建筑工程,2006.11
[6] 魏路先.复杂软弱地基条件下大型储罐地基处理综合技术研究.中国海洋大学硕士学位论文,2004,6
[7] 戴韶生,刘志明.城市杂填土土工特性的研究及常用地基处理方法.探矿工程,2002(5):20
[8] 许贤敏.微型桩在美国的应用.冶金建筑技术与管理,1989.6
[9] 朱琴芬.树根桩工法.土木建筑工法实例选编.冶金部建筑研究总院,1989:356-361
[10] [美]H·F 温特科恩,方晓阳编著.钱鸿缙,叶书麟等校译.基础工程手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1983:775-790
[11] [加]D·F·科茨著.雷化南,陈俊彦,云庆夏等译岩石力学原理.北京:冶金工业出版社,1978.20:226
[12] [美]JE 波勒斯编著.唐念慈等译.基础工程分析与设计.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1987:131-132.
[13] 杨石春.微型桩在加固危房杂填土地基中的应用
[14] 祝昌暾,徐先华.小直径钻孔扩底桩的应用与研究.新型建筑,54-55
[15] 涂平海,刘惠清.注浆技术在杂填土中的应用.基础工程,第 4 期:27-29
[16] 赵勇.渣土桩在加固地基中的应用.山西建筑,2004,30(7):25-26
[17] GABR M A, VLSERO S N. Geotechnical properties of municipal solid waste. GeotechnicalTesting Journal ASTM.1995, 18(2):241-251
[18]Kavazanjian, S., Jr., Matasovic, N. Evaluation of MSW properties for seismic Analysis. Geotechnical Special Publication No.46,ASCE,New Orleans,1995:1126-1141
[19] Landa,A. O. and Clark, J. I. Geotechnics of Waste Fill. ASTM STP. 86-103
[21] 张振营,吴世明,陈云敏.城市生活垃圾土性参数的室内试验研究.岩土工程学报,2000,22(1):35-39
[22] 陈云敏,王立忠,胡亚元,等.城市固体垃圾填埋场边坡稳定分析.土木工程学报,2000,33(3):92-97
[23] 张季如,陈超敏.城市生活垃圾抗剪强度参数的测试与分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(1):110-114
[24] 刘荣,施建勇,彭功勋.垃圾土力学性质的室内试验研究.岩土力学,2005,26(1):108-112.
[25] 熊孝波,施斌,张凌.我国城市垃圾填埋场岩土工程研究的现状与展望.水文地质工程地质,2000,(3):25-29
[26] N. Dixon, E. J. Murray, D. R. V. Jones .Geotechnical engineering of landfills. Thomas Telford Publishing, Thomas Telford Ltd, 1 Heron Quay, London E14 4JD.1998
[27] Keene, P., Sanitary Landfill Treatment, Interstate Highway 84,Ann Arbor,1977:632-644
[28] Sowers, G.F., Settlement of Waste Disposal Fills, Moscow, USSR, 1973(1):207-210
[29] Fassett, J.B., Leonards, G.A., and Repetto, P.C., Geotechnical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste and Their Use in Landfill Design, Waste Tech, 1994:13-14
[30] Yen, B. C. and Scanlon, B., Sanitary Landfill Settlement Rates, Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1975101(5):475-487
[31] Edgers, L., Noble, J.J., and Willians E., A Biologic Model for Long Term Settlement in Landfills, A.A. Balkema Publishers, 1992, 177-184
[32] 杨定国,吴瑞潜,王秋苹.杂填土地基的评价与利用.绍兴文理学院学报,2005,25(8):68-71
[33] 杨成,鞠少民.淮北地区填土的岩土工程勘察及评价.治淮,1999,10:31-32
[34] 张莲香,骆朝选等.填土的岩土工程勘察及评价.地下水,2006,28(2):93-94
[35] 刁俊文.浅谈房渣杂填土天然地基的处理与利用.安徽建筑 2002,6:74
[36] 王延年,全晓霞,徐松.高填土地基的加固处理.住宅科技,1999,2:31-33
[37] 丁建平,刘祚民.深厚杂填土地基中桩基础负摩阻力问题.低温建筑技术,2002,90(4):76
[38] 唐士骠,项勃,张苏民.工程地质手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992.
[39] 蒋鹏,李荣强,孔德坊.强夯振动影响的数值分析.地下空间,2001,21(5):544-548
[40] 任振甲.重锤冲孔夯扩垃圾挤密桩复合地基的设计与施工问题.建筑技术,1998,30(3):173-174
[41] 陈志敏,刘国伍.人工神经网络用于夯扩挤密复合桩地基设计的可行性分析.岩土工程 技术.2001,(4):221-225
[42] 司炳文,唐业清.孔内深层强夯技术的机理与工程实践.施工技术,1999, 28(5):48-49
[43] 程祖锋,孙秀娟.某港口工程地基处理中的强夯影响范围研究.工程地质学报,2007,15(1) 88-91
[44] 左名麒,朱树森.强夯法地基加固.北京:中国铁道出版社,1990.
[45] 陈鹏,张建辉.冲击式压路机在填石路基增强补压中应用试验.铁道建筑技术,2002,(2):28-30.
[46] 卢达,邓家喜,郝纯中.冲击压路机在填石路基中补强压实的应用.中国岩溶,2005,24(2):152-155.
[47] 赵炼恒,李亮.冲击压实技术在国内基础工程中的研究与应用.施工技术,2007,36(1)18-23
[48] 王吉利,刘怡林,沈兴付,等.冲击碾压法处理黄土地基的试验研究.岩土力学,2005,26(5):755-758.
[49] 杨其新,关宝树. 落石冲击力计算方法的试验研究.铁道学报,1996,18(1):101-106
[50] G.歌德赫编,张清,张弥译.有限元法在岩土力学中的应用[M]. 北京:中国铁道出版社,1983.
[51] 罗汀,姚仰平,夏传勇,等.夯扩桩桩端承载力特性研究.工业建筑,2003,33(9):52-55
[52] 孔令伟,袁建新.强夯时地基土的应力场分布特征及应用.岩石力学,1999,20(3):13-191
[53] 化工部第二建设公司.山西化肥厂强夯地基处理实验报告[R].19821
[54] 仇凯斌,介玉新,李广信,等.复合载体夯扩桩承载力性状有限元分析.工程力学,2002,19(3):90-94
[55] 谭凡教,陈洪泳,殷琨,王如生.受冲击荷载作用土体变形的有限元研究.岩土力学,2004,25(12)
[56] 詹军,冲击机具的有限元优化研究博士学位论文.长春:吉林大学博士论文,2002,105-132.
[57] ANSYS Inc. Ansys Advanced Analysis Guide[P]. 1998.
[58] 陈永军,胡亚龙,罗嗣海.瑞利波技术在强夯地基检测中的应用,西部探矿工程. 2006, 128(12):40-41
[59] Menard L, Boroise Y. Theoretical and practical aspects of dynamic consolidation. Geotechnique, 1975, 25(1)
[60] 吴翔天.复合载体夯扩桩在地基处理中的应用,洛阳大学学报. 2004,19(2):96-99
[61] 北京波森特岩土工程有限公司.复合载体夯扩桩设计规程(JGJ/T13522001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[2] 曾国熙.地基处理手册[M].北京:中国建筑业出版社,1998
[3] Xuede Qian, Robert M. Koerner, Donald H.Gray. Geotechnical Aspects of Landfill Design and Construction. Prentice Hall.2002
[4] Conrad, L.G.,(2000)”A Canadian Perspective of Using the Britannia Sanitary Landfill Site as a Golf Course,” Proceedings of 5th Landfill Symposium of the Solid Waste Association of North America, Austin, Teas, June 27-30,pp.73-79.
[5] 尹伯悦,谢飞鸿.城市垃圾场地地基处理方法.建筑工程,2006.11
[6] 魏路先.复杂软弱地基条件下大型储罐地基处理综合技术研究.中国海洋大学硕士学位论文,2004,6
[7] 戴韶生,刘志明.城市杂填土土工特性的研究及常用地基处理方法.探矿工程,2002(5):20
[8] 许贤敏.微型桩在美国的应用.冶金建筑技术与管理,1989.6
[9] 朱琴芬.树根桩工法.土木建筑工法实例选编.冶金部建筑研究总院,1989:356-361
[10] [美]H·F 温特科恩,方晓阳编著.钱鸿缙,叶书麟等校译.基础工程手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1983:775-790
[11] [加]D·F·科茨著.雷化南,陈俊彦,云庆夏等译岩石力学原理.北京:冶金工业出版社,1978.20:226
[12] [美]JE 波勒斯编著.唐念慈等译.基础工程分析与设计.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1987:131-132.
[13] 杨石春.微型桩在加固危房杂填土地基中的应用
[14] 祝昌暾,徐先华.小直径钻孔扩底桩的应用与研究.新型建筑,54-55
[15] 涂平海,刘惠清.注浆技术在杂填土中的应用.基础工程,第 4 期:27-29
[16] 赵勇.渣土桩在加固地基中的应用.山西建筑,2004,30(7):25-26
[17] GABR M A, VLSERO S N. Geotechnical properties of municipal solid waste. GeotechnicalTesting Journal ASTM.1995, 18(2):241-251
[18]Kavazanjian, S., Jr., Matasovic, N. Evaluation of MSW properties for seismic Analysis. Geotechnical Special Publication No.46,ASCE,New Orleans,1995:1126-1141
[19] Landa,A. O. and Clark, J. I. Geotechnics of Waste Fill. ASTM STP. 86-103
[21] 张振营,吴世明,陈云敏.城市生活垃圾土性参数的室内试验研究.岩土工程学报,2000,22(1):35-39
[22] 陈云敏,王立忠,胡亚元,等.城市固体垃圾填埋场边坡稳定分析.土木工程学报,2000,33(3):92-97
[23] 张季如,陈超敏.城市生活垃圾抗剪强度参数的测试与分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(1):110-114
[24] 刘荣,施建勇,彭功勋.垃圾土力学性质的室内试验研究.岩土力学,2005,26(1):108-112.
[25] 熊孝波,施斌,张凌.我国城市垃圾填埋场岩土工程研究的现状与展望.水文地质工程地质,2000,(3):25-29
[26] N. Dixon, E. J. Murray, D. R. V. Jones .Geotechnical engineering of landfills. Thomas Telford Publishing, Thomas Telford Ltd, 1 Heron Quay, London E14 4JD.1998
[27] Keene, P., Sanitary Landfill Treatment, Interstate Highway 84,Ann Arbor,1977:632-644
[28] Sowers, G.F., Settlement of Waste Disposal Fills, Moscow, USSR, 1973(1):207-210
[29] Fassett, J.B., Leonards, G.A., and Repetto, P.C., Geotechnical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste and Their Use in Landfill Design, Waste Tech, 1994:13-14
[30] Yen, B. C. and Scanlon, B., Sanitary Landfill Settlement Rates, Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1975101(5):475-487
[31] Edgers, L., Noble, J.J., and Willians E., A Biologic Model for Long Term Settlement in Landfills, A.A. Balkema Publishers, 1992, 177-184
[32] 杨定国,吴瑞潜,王秋苹.杂填土地基的评价与利用.绍兴文理学院学报,2005,25(8):68-71
[33] 杨成,鞠少民.淮北地区填土的岩土工程勘察及评价.治淮,1999,10:31-32
[34] 张莲香,骆朝选等.填土的岩土工程勘察及评价.地下水,2006,28(2):93-94
[35] 刁俊文.浅谈房渣杂填土天然地基的处理与利用.安徽建筑 2002,6:74
[36] 王延年,全晓霞,徐松.高填土地基的加固处理.住宅科技,1999,2:31-33
[37] 丁建平,刘祚民.深厚杂填土地基中桩基础负摩阻力问题.低温建筑技术,2002,90(4):76
[38] 唐士骠,项勃,张苏民.工程地质手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992.
[39] 蒋鹏,李荣强,孔德坊.强夯振动影响的数值分析.地下空间,2001,21(5):544-548
[40] 任振甲.重锤冲孔夯扩垃圾挤密桩复合地基的设计与施工问题.建筑技术,1998,30(3):173-174
[41] 陈志敏,刘国伍.人工神经网络用于夯扩挤密复合桩地基设计的可行性分析.岩土工程 技术.2001,(4):221-225
[42] 司炳文,唐业清.孔内深层强夯技术的机理与工程实践.施工技术,1999, 28(5):48-49
[43] 程祖锋,孙秀娟.某港口工程地基处理中的强夯影响范围研究.工程地质学报,2007,15(1) 88-91
[44] 左名麒,朱树森.强夯法地基加固.北京:中国铁道出版社,1990.
[45] 陈鹏,张建辉.冲击式压路机在填石路基增强补压中应用试验.铁道建筑技术,2002,(2):28-30.
[46] 卢达,邓家喜,郝纯中.冲击压路机在填石路基中补强压实的应用.中国岩溶,2005,24(2):152-155.
[47] 赵炼恒,李亮.冲击压实技术在国内基础工程中的研究与应用.施工技术,2007,36(1)18-23
[48] 王吉利,刘怡林,沈兴付,等.冲击碾压法处理黄土地基的试验研究.岩土力学,2005,26(5):755-758.
[49] 杨其新,关宝树. 落石冲击力计算方法的试验研究.铁道学报,1996,18(1):101-106
[50] G.歌德赫编,张清,张弥译.有限元法在岩土力学中的应用[M]. 北京:中国铁道出版社,1983.
[51] 罗汀,姚仰平,夏传勇,等.夯扩桩桩端承载力特性研究.工业建筑,2003,33(9):52-55
[52] 孔令伟,袁建新.强夯时地基土的应力场分布特征及应用.岩石力学,1999,20(3):13-191
[53] 化工部第二建设公司.山西化肥厂强夯地基处理实验报告[R].19821
[54] 仇凯斌,介玉新,李广信,等.复合载体夯扩桩承载力性状有限元分析.工程力学,2002,19(3):90-94
[55] 谭凡教,陈洪泳,殷琨,王如生.受冲击荷载作用土体变形的有限元研究.岩土力学,2004,25(12)
[56] 詹军,冲击机具的有限元优化研究博士学位论文.长春:吉林大学博士论文,2002,105-132.
[57] ANSYS Inc. Ansys Advanced Analysis Guide[P]. 1998.
[58] 陈永军,胡亚龙,罗嗣海.瑞利波技术在强夯地基检测中的应用,西部探矿工程. 2006, 128(12):40-41
[59] Menard L, Boroise Y. Theoretical and practical aspects of dynamic consolidation. Geotechnique, 1975, 25(1)
[60] 吴翔天.复合载体夯扩桩在地基处理中的应用,洛阳大学学报. 2004,19(2):96-99
[61] 北京波森特岩土工程有限公司.复合载体夯扩桩设计规程(JGJ/T13522001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |