基于脉冲实验的地铁环境振动响应传递函数预测方法研究
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摘要
地下轨道交通以其安全、快捷、准时、方便、舒适且运输量大的特点而在城市建设中得到了迅猛的发展。但是,地铁运营引起的环境振动问题越来越受到人们的关注。目前国内几条新线建成后运营引起的环境振动问题非常严重,出现了大量的沿线居民投诉、集体上访的情况,部分地段振动级噪声严重超标,建筑物内振动超标,严重影响人们的休息和办公。
针对以上问题,依托国家自然科学基金项目(50848046,50538010),采用理论分析、实验室试验、有限元仿真和现场测试相结合的研究方法,对地铁运营引起的振动传递问题进行了深入的研究,并提出了基于脉冲传递函数法的地铁运营引起的建筑物内振动预测方法。论文主要研究内容和成果如下：
1.作者研制了国内首台可应用于轨道锤击与地面锤击的自动落锤激励装置,并申请了国家实用新型专利。利用北京交通大学轨道减振与控制实验室10m隧道埋深的条件,通过实测方法得到了地层和建筑物的振动传递函数,包括传递函数幅值、传递函数相位及相干函数,并讨论了地层传递函数随水平距离的变化规律,以及不同建筑物结构对建筑物传递函数的影响。
2.建立了实验室三维有限元模型,利用测试结果验证三维有限元模型的准确性,然后对有限元模型进行拓展,研究不同土层特性及不同隧道埋深因素对地面振动衰减的影响,得到了以下结论：(1)地面的振动响应时程随隧道埋深和距轨道水平距离的增大而减小,振源正上方20m范围内振动时程峰值最大,而且衰减最迅速；(2)地面单频振动呈波浪型衰减,不同频率振动的量值及衰减规律不同,但相邻频率的振动衰减曲线类似；(3)不同土层特性对速度、尤其是位移的衰减影响显著。
3.提出了基于脉冲试验的建筑物内振动预测方法,具有预测效率高、预测频带宽、预测精度高等优点。实验室试验预测结果表明：利用传递函数法预测地铁引起的环境振动响应切实可行,预测结果准确。此方法对设计人员选线及选择合适的减振轨道型式具有科学的指导作用。
4.对北京交通大学轨道减振与控制实验室内的梯形轨道系统和钢弹簧浮置板轨道系统进行了减振动力试验。得到了梯形轨道和钢弹簧轨道系统的振动模态(固有频率、振型和阻尼),梯轨1阶模态频率为31Hz,钢弹簧浮置板轨道1阶模态频率为9 Hz；利用锤击试验,分析两种轨道的减振特性,得到了两种轨道的振动传递函数和系统传递损失。
Underground rail transit has been developed rapidly in the urban construction for its characteristics of safety, fast, punctuality, convenience, comfort and large transportation. However, people pay more and more attention to the environmental vibration problem induced by the operation of metro. At present, environment problem induced by the operation of several new lines become extremely serious, there have been a lot of complaints and collective petitions from residents along the route and noise of some lines induced by vibration exceeds standard seriously, vibration of the building exceeds standard, which disturbs residents's rest and working.
To solve above-mentioned problems, relying on the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50848046,50538010), the combination method of theoretical analysis, field testing and finite element simulation was adopted, the vibration induced by subway operation was researched deeply and methods that was based on the transfer function and could predict building vibration induced by subway operation was proposed. The content and results are as follows.
1. China's first automatic drop hammer excitation device which can be applied on the track and ground was invented by author, which then applied the national patent. Making use of the 10m depth tunnel of Lab. of Track Vibration abatement & Control of Beijing Jiaotong University, the vibration transfer function including the transfer function amplitude and phrase, and coherence function of the ground layers and buildings were got by measurement and the change law of ground layers'transfer function with different horizontal distance and the effect that the different building structures have on buildings' transfer function were discussed.
2. The three-dimensional finite element model of laboratory was built, the accuracy of three-dimensional finite element model was tested by making use of the test results, and then the finite element model was expanded to study the effect that different layers and different tunnel depth have on the tunnel ground vibration attenuation. The following conclusions can be drawn:(1) The vibration response time history decreases with the increase of the depth of the tunnel and the horizontal distance from the track, and the time history peak reaches the maximum in the 20m above vibration source and attenuates most rapidly; (2) Ground single-frequency vibration is a wavy-type attenuation, the magnitude and attenuation law of different frequency vibration is different, but the attenuation curves of adjacent frequency vibration are similar; (3) Different layers' properties have a significant effect on the attenuation of speed, especially on the attenuation of the displacement.
3. Prediction method of vibration within the buildings based on pulse experiment is proposed, which has advantages of high efficiency, wide frequency and high accuracy. Test results indicate that:adopting the transfer function method to predict the metro train-induced environmental vibration response is practicable, and the prediction is accurate. This method has the scientific guidance for designers to select the appropriate type of vibration attenuation track and railway lines.
4. The vibration dynamic tests were carried out on the ladder track system and steel spring floating slab track system in the Lab. of Track Vibration abatement & Control of Beijing Jiaotong University. The vibration mode (natural frequency, mode shape and damping) of the ladder track and steel spring floating slab track were got, The first modal frequency of ladder track is 31 Hz and the first modal frequency of steel spring floating slab track is 9 Hz; The vibration properties of the two tracks were analyzed by making use of the hammer hit test and the vibration transfer function and transmission loss of the two tracks were got.
针对以上问题,依托国家自然科学基金项目(50848046,50538010),采用理论分析、实验室试验、有限元仿真和现场测试相结合的研究方法,对地铁运营引起的振动传递问题进行了深入的研究,并提出了基于脉冲传递函数法的地铁运营引起的建筑物内振动预测方法。论文主要研究内容和成果如下：
1.作者研制了国内首台可应用于轨道锤击与地面锤击的自动落锤激励装置,并申请了国家实用新型专利。利用北京交通大学轨道减振与控制实验室10m隧道埋深的条件,通过实测方法得到了地层和建筑物的振动传递函数,包括传递函数幅值、传递函数相位及相干函数,并讨论了地层传递函数随水平距离的变化规律,以及不同建筑物结构对建筑物传递函数的影响。
2.建立了实验室三维有限元模型,利用测试结果验证三维有限元模型的准确性,然后对有限元模型进行拓展,研究不同土层特性及不同隧道埋深因素对地面振动衰减的影响,得到了以下结论：(1)地面的振动响应时程随隧道埋深和距轨道水平距离的增大而减小,振源正上方20m范围内振动时程峰值最大,而且衰减最迅速；(2)地面单频振动呈波浪型衰减,不同频率振动的量值及衰减规律不同,但相邻频率的振动衰减曲线类似；(3)不同土层特性对速度、尤其是位移的衰减影响显著。
3.提出了基于脉冲试验的建筑物内振动预测方法,具有预测效率高、预测频带宽、预测精度高等优点。实验室试验预测结果表明：利用传递函数法预测地铁引起的环境振动响应切实可行,预测结果准确。此方法对设计人员选线及选择合适的减振轨道型式具有科学的指导作用。
4.对北京交通大学轨道减振与控制实验室内的梯形轨道系统和钢弹簧浮置板轨道系统进行了减振动力试验。得到了梯形轨道和钢弹簧轨道系统的振动模态(固有频率、振型和阻尼),梯轨1阶模态频率为31Hz,钢弹簧浮置板轨道1阶模态频率为9 Hz；利用锤击试验,分析两种轨道的减振特性,得到了两种轨道的振动传递函数和系统传递损失。
Underground rail transit has been developed rapidly in the urban construction for its characteristics of safety, fast, punctuality, convenience, comfort and large transportation. However, people pay more and more attention to the environmental vibration problem induced by the operation of metro. At present, environment problem induced by the operation of several new lines become extremely serious, there have been a lot of complaints and collective petitions from residents along the route and noise of some lines induced by vibration exceeds standard seriously, vibration of the building exceeds standard, which disturbs residents's rest and working.
To solve above-mentioned problems, relying on the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50848046,50538010), the combination method of theoretical analysis, field testing and finite element simulation was adopted, the vibration induced by subway operation was researched deeply and methods that was based on the transfer function and could predict building vibration induced by subway operation was proposed. The content and results are as follows.
1. China's first automatic drop hammer excitation device which can be applied on the track and ground was invented by author, which then applied the national patent. Making use of the 10m depth tunnel of Lab. of Track Vibration abatement & Control of Beijing Jiaotong University, the vibration transfer function including the transfer function amplitude and phrase, and coherence function of the ground layers and buildings were got by measurement and the change law of ground layers'transfer function with different horizontal distance and the effect that the different building structures have on buildings' transfer function were discussed.
2. The three-dimensional finite element model of laboratory was built, the accuracy of three-dimensional finite element model was tested by making use of the test results, and then the finite element model was expanded to study the effect that different layers and different tunnel depth have on the tunnel ground vibration attenuation. The following conclusions can be drawn:(1) The vibration response time history decreases with the increase of the depth of the tunnel and the horizontal distance from the track, and the time history peak reaches the maximum in the 20m above vibration source and attenuates most rapidly; (2) Ground single-frequency vibration is a wavy-type attenuation, the magnitude and attenuation law of different frequency vibration is different, but the attenuation curves of adjacent frequency vibration are similar; (3) Different layers' properties have a significant effect on the attenuation of speed, especially on the attenuation of the displacement.
3. Prediction method of vibration within the buildings based on pulse experiment is proposed, which has advantages of high efficiency, wide frequency and high accuracy. Test results indicate that:adopting the transfer function method to predict the metro train-induced environmental vibration response is practicable, and the prediction is accurate. This method has the scientific guidance for designers to select the appropriate type of vibration attenuation track and railway lines.
4. The vibration dynamic tests were carried out on the ladder track system and steel spring floating slab track system in the Lab. of Track Vibration abatement & Control of Beijing Jiaotong University. The vibration mode (natural frequency, mode shape and damping) of the ladder track and steel spring floating slab track were got, The first modal frequency of ladder track is 31 Hz and the first modal frequency of steel spring floating slab track is 9 Hz; The vibration properties of the two tracks were analyzed by making use of the hammer hit test and the vibration transfer function and transmission loss of the two tracks were got.
引文
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