某型柴油机高压共轨燃油喷射系统几个关键技术研究
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摘要
共轨式燃油喷射系统,是随着世界范围内对内燃机排放要求的提高以及电控燃油系统的发展,产生的第三代电控燃油系统,在对内燃机排放要求和经济性要求日益增长的今天,共轨系统相对于其它燃油系统具有极大的优越性。它不仅能在所有工况范围内实现稳定的高压喷射,而且由于高性能的电磁阀,使系统可以实现灵活的喷油规律(如预喷射、后喷射等),极大地改善了排放。
本文在研究某型柴油机高压共轨燃油喷射系统的工作原理,方案设计和器件设计、选择的基础上,重点研究了两个问题:一是ECU控制策略的设计和ECU控制软件程序的开发;二是对共轨压力进行模糊自适应PID控制,设计模糊自适应PID控制器并进行试验研究。对第一个问题,设计了轨道压力、喷油定时、喷油脉宽、喷油速率的控制策略以及发动机工作状态和模式的切换,并描述了整个控制软件程序主要程序模块的功能,着重编写了主程序循环的各个功能子程序。对于第二个问题,提出了对共轨压力进行模糊自适应PID控制的思想和理论,设计了模糊自适应PID控制器,完成了基于模糊自适应PID控制器的共轨压力控制试验研究。研究结果表明,模糊自适应PID控制器具有PID控制器和模糊控制器的优点,采用模糊自适应PID控制器来控制轨道压力,可以使共轨压力的调节具有快速响应、静差小、超调小、稳定、鲁棒性好等优点。
Common-rail fuel injection systems, the third generation electric control fuel system were created with the increase of the requirment for diesel exhaust and the development of electric control fuel system in the world. Common rail systems possess more great advantages than other fuel systems since the growing of diesel exhaust requirment and economical requirment. It can not only realize stable high-pressure injection in all operating modes, but also make the system realize smart injection rule (pre-injection, post-injection and so on), consequently, the exhaust was greatly improved.
In this thesis, two problems were studied on the basis of the studying the working principles, schematic design as well as device design and choice for the certain-model diesel high pressure common rail fuel injection system. The first one is the design of electric control unit (ECU) control strategy and the development of ECU control software; the second one is the fuzzy adaptive PID control for the common pressure, to design the fuzzy adaptive PID controller and to experimently studied. On the first problem, the control stratagies for the rail pressure, injection timing, injection pulse width and injection rate as well as the switching of operation modes for engines were all designed, in addition, the function of main program modules of the whole control software program was also described, as well as every function subprogram for ECU control software were all completed; On the second one, the idea and theory on the fuzzy adaptive PID control were proposed, the fuzzy adaptive PID controller was designed, and the the common pressure control was experimentally studied. The results indicated that the fuzzy adaptive PID controller has the both advantages of the PID controller and fuzzy controller. Meanwhile, it can be also concluded that the using of fuzzy adaptive PID controller makes the adjustment of common rail pressure response fast, net balance small, overshoot small, stable, good robustness, and so on.
本文在研究某型柴油机高压共轨燃油喷射系统的工作原理,方案设计和器件设计、选择的基础上,重点研究了两个问题:一是ECU控制策略的设计和ECU控制软件程序的开发;二是对共轨压力进行模糊自适应PID控制,设计模糊自适应PID控制器并进行试验研究。对第一个问题,设计了轨道压力、喷油定时、喷油脉宽、喷油速率的控制策略以及发动机工作状态和模式的切换,并描述了整个控制软件程序主要程序模块的功能,着重编写了主程序循环的各个功能子程序。对于第二个问题,提出了对共轨压力进行模糊自适应PID控制的思想和理论,设计了模糊自适应PID控制器,完成了基于模糊自适应PID控制器的共轨压力控制试验研究。研究结果表明,模糊自适应PID控制器具有PID控制器和模糊控制器的优点,采用模糊自适应PID控制器来控制轨道压力,可以使共轨压力的调节具有快速响应、静差小、超调小、稳定、鲁棒性好等优点。
Common-rail fuel injection systems, the third generation electric control fuel system were created with the increase of the requirment for diesel exhaust and the development of electric control fuel system in the world. Common rail systems possess more great advantages than other fuel systems since the growing of diesel exhaust requirment and economical requirment. It can not only realize stable high-pressure injection in all operating modes, but also make the system realize smart injection rule (pre-injection, post-injection and so on), consequently, the exhaust was greatly improved.
In this thesis, two problems were studied on the basis of the studying the working principles, schematic design as well as device design and choice for the certain-model diesel high pressure common rail fuel injection system. The first one is the design of electric control unit (ECU) control strategy and the development of ECU control software; the second one is the fuzzy adaptive PID control for the common pressure, to design the fuzzy adaptive PID controller and to experimently studied. On the first problem, the control stratagies for the rail pressure, injection timing, injection pulse width and injection rate as well as the switching of operation modes for engines were all designed, in addition, the function of main program modules of the whole control software program was also described, as well as every function subprogram for ECU control software were all completed; On the second one, the idea and theory on the fuzzy adaptive PID control were proposed, the fuzzy adaptive PID controller was designed, and the the common pressure control was experimentally studied. The results indicated that the fuzzy adaptive PID controller has the both advantages of the PID controller and fuzzy controller. Meanwhile, it can be also concluded that the using of fuzzy adaptive PID controller makes the adjustment of common rail pressure response fast, net balance small, overshoot small, stable, good robustness, and so on.
引文
[1]郝利君,葛蕴珊,赵长禄等.柴油机电控燃油喷射装置的现状与发展趋势.兵工学报·坦克装甲机与发动机分册, 1999, (2): 51-54.
[2] Dorenkamp R., Düesterdiek T.,钱人一.德国大众汽车公司未来的清洁柴油机.国外内燃机, 2002, (3).
[3] Boehner W., Hummel K. Common Rail Injection System for Commercial Diesel Vehicle. SAE International, 1997, 970345.
[4] Hull A., Golubkov I., Kronberg B., et al. Alternative fuel for a standard diesel engine. International Journal of Engine Research, 2006, 7: 51-63.
[5]王钧效,王桂华,陆辰等.柴油机共轨式喷油系统喷油率控制技术分析.车用发动机, 2001, (3).
[6]必浩祥.国内外柴油机电控技术发展动态及我国今后发展的方向.内燃机燃油喷射和控制, 1996, (1).
[7]杜传进,欧阳明高.柴油机高压喷射和喷油速率控制.车用发动机, 1995, (6).
[8]张扬.柴油机发展史.能动信息网. http://www.enpinfo.com/Engine/Doc/Base/200612/5790_3.html
[9]张果,刘跃敏,孙向文.柴油机高压共轨电控喷射系统的设计开发.拖拉机与农用运输车, 2006, (1): 84-85.
[10]陈三昧,汪祥本.柴油机共轨电控燃油喷射技术.设计研究, 2005, (9): 5-7.
[11] Teng H., James C. Performance Analysis of Rail-Pressure Supply Pumps of Common-Rail Fuel Systems for Diesel Engines.SAE international, 2005, 010909.
[12] Kohketsu S., Tanabe K., Mori K. Flexibly-controlled injection rate shape with next-generation common-rail system for heavy-duty DI diesel engines. SAE international, 2000, 010705.
[13] Han Qiang, Yang Fuyuan, Zhou Ming et al. Study on modelling method forcommon-rail diesel engine calibration and optimization. SAE international, 2004, 010426.
[14]唐永良.GD-1高压共轨柴油机共轨油压控制策略和试验研究.上海:上海交通大学, 2004.
[15]于世涛,杨林,王俊席等.柴油机高压共轨电控系统开发方案的研究.汽车工程, 2005, (6): 678-681.
[16]赵亚杰,张希武,邹乃威.柴油机高压共轨燃油喷射技术.科学探讨, 2006, (1): 94-96.
[17]胡林峰,李德桃,吴健.柴油机共轨喷射系统的应用现状及发展前景.小型内燃机与摩托车, 2001, 3(30): 29-32.
[18] Wickman D.D., Tanin K.V., Senecal P.K. et al. Methods and Results from the Development of a 2600 Bar Diesel Fuel Injection System. SAE international, 2000, 0109047.
[19] Zelenka P., kriegler W., Herzog P.L., et al. Ways Toward the Clean Heavy Duty Diesel. SAE international, 1990, 900602.
[20] Needham J.R., May M.P., Doyle D.M., et al. InjectionTiming and Rate Control: A Solution for Low Emissions. SAE international, 1990, 900854.
[21]魏丕勇,葛云.我国发展高压共轨直喷式柴油机的思考.焦作大学学报, 2005, (1):74-76.
[22]汪洋,谢辉,苏万华等.车用柴油机共轨式电控喷射系统关键技术的仿真与实验研究.汽车工程, 2002, 24 (6):
[23]必浩祥.国内外柴油机电控技术发展动态及我国今后发展的方向.内燃机燃油喷射和控制, 1996, (1).
[24]秦朝举,刘建新,杜慧勇等. Bosch公司高压共轨喷油系统的研究现状及发展前景.拖拉机与农用运输车, 2006, 33 (2): 2-6.
[25]张有.电控高压共轨低排放D114柴油机的研制.机械设计与制造, 2005, 14(2): 22-24.
[26] Chen S. K.一种先进的电控液压燃油喷射系统模型.内燃机燃油喷射和控制, 1996, (1).
[27]王俊席,杨林,冯静等.GD-1高压共轨柴油机在线标定存储区的应用研究.内燃机工程, 2005, 26 (3): 43-45.
[28]彭毅刚,唐航波,龚元明等.高压共轨电控柴油机试验台架系统的设计.内燃机工程, 2005, 26 (3): 49-52.
[29]周龙保.内燃机学.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005, 1.
[30]郭建波.高压共轨柴油机电控燃油喷射系统及开发环境的研究.浙江:浙江大学, 2002.
[31]徐家龙.柴油机电控喷油技术.北京:人民交通出版社, 2004, 1.
[32]郭海涛.高压共轨喷油系统喷油规律与控制策略的研究.上海:上海交通大学, 2001.
[33]肖文雍,冒晓建,王好战等. GD-1高压共轨式电控柴油机的起动控制策略研究.内燃机学报, 2003, 21(2): 97-100.
[34]肖文雍,杨林,梁锋. GD-1高压共轨式电控柴油机燃油喷射压力控制策略的研究.内燃机学报, 2004, 22(3): 235-240.
[35]黄毅,文雍,唐永良等. GD-1高压共轨电控柴油机起动控制的试验研究.车用发动机, 2004, 150(2): 24-27.
[36]竺长安,张屹.控制理论与机械系统控制.北京:高等教育出版社, 2003.
[37]胡寿松.自动控制原理.北京:科学出版社, 2003.
[38]刘国荣.智能控制理论与技术.北京:清华大学出版社, 1992.
[39]李士勇.模糊控制·神经控制·智能控制.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 1996.
[40] Xie W. F., Rad A. B. Fuzzy Adaptive Internal Model Control. IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, 2000, 47(1): 193~202.
[41]王耀南.智能控制系统.长沙:湖南大学出版社,1997.
[42]张崇巍等.多层模糊控制器.第二届全国智能控制专家讨论会,清华大学, 1994.
[43]徐建明. PID控制器及其设计方法研究.浙江:浙江工业大学, 2002.
[44]刘金琨.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004.
[45]赵建华,沈永良.一种自适应PID控制算法.自动化学报, 2001, 27(3): 418-420.
[46]陶永华,尹怡欣,葛芦生.新型PID控制及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[47]诸静.模糊控制原理与应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005.
[2] Dorenkamp R., Düesterdiek T.,钱人一.德国大众汽车公司未来的清洁柴油机.国外内燃机, 2002, (3).
[3] Boehner W., Hummel K. Common Rail Injection System for Commercial Diesel Vehicle. SAE International, 1997, 970345.
[4] Hull A., Golubkov I., Kronberg B., et al. Alternative fuel for a standard diesel engine. International Journal of Engine Research, 2006, 7: 51-63.
[5]王钧效,王桂华,陆辰等.柴油机共轨式喷油系统喷油率控制技术分析.车用发动机, 2001, (3).
[6]必浩祥.国内外柴油机电控技术发展动态及我国今后发展的方向.内燃机燃油喷射和控制, 1996, (1).
[7]杜传进,欧阳明高.柴油机高压喷射和喷油速率控制.车用发动机, 1995, (6).
[8]张扬.柴油机发展史.能动信息网. http://www.enpinfo.com/Engine/Doc/Base/200612/5790_3.html
[9]张果,刘跃敏,孙向文.柴油机高压共轨电控喷射系统的设计开发.拖拉机与农用运输车, 2006, (1): 84-85.
[10]陈三昧,汪祥本.柴油机共轨电控燃油喷射技术.设计研究, 2005, (9): 5-7.
[11] Teng H., James C. Performance Analysis of Rail-Pressure Supply Pumps of Common-Rail Fuel Systems for Diesel Engines.SAE international, 2005, 010909.
[12] Kohketsu S., Tanabe K., Mori K. Flexibly-controlled injection rate shape with next-generation common-rail system for heavy-duty DI diesel engines. SAE international, 2000, 010705.
[13] Han Qiang, Yang Fuyuan, Zhou Ming et al. Study on modelling method forcommon-rail diesel engine calibration and optimization. SAE international, 2004, 010426.
[14]唐永良.GD-1高压共轨柴油机共轨油压控制策略和试验研究.上海:上海交通大学, 2004.
[15]于世涛,杨林,王俊席等.柴油机高压共轨电控系统开发方案的研究.汽车工程, 2005, (6): 678-681.
[16]赵亚杰,张希武,邹乃威.柴油机高压共轨燃油喷射技术.科学探讨, 2006, (1): 94-96.
[17]胡林峰,李德桃,吴健.柴油机共轨喷射系统的应用现状及发展前景.小型内燃机与摩托车, 2001, 3(30): 29-32.
[18] Wickman D.D., Tanin K.V., Senecal P.K. et al. Methods and Results from the Development of a 2600 Bar Diesel Fuel Injection System. SAE international, 2000, 0109047.
[19] Zelenka P., kriegler W., Herzog P.L., et al. Ways Toward the Clean Heavy Duty Diesel. SAE international, 1990, 900602.
[20] Needham J.R., May M.P., Doyle D.M., et al. InjectionTiming and Rate Control: A Solution for Low Emissions. SAE international, 1990, 900854.
[21]魏丕勇,葛云.我国发展高压共轨直喷式柴油机的思考.焦作大学学报, 2005, (1):74-76.
[22]汪洋,谢辉,苏万华等.车用柴油机共轨式电控喷射系统关键技术的仿真与实验研究.汽车工程, 2002, 24 (6):
[23]必浩祥.国内外柴油机电控技术发展动态及我国今后发展的方向.内燃机燃油喷射和控制, 1996, (1).
[24]秦朝举,刘建新,杜慧勇等. Bosch公司高压共轨喷油系统的研究现状及发展前景.拖拉机与农用运输车, 2006, 33 (2): 2-6.
[25]张有.电控高压共轨低排放D114柴油机的研制.机械设计与制造, 2005, 14(2): 22-24.
[26] Chen S. K.一种先进的电控液压燃油喷射系统模型.内燃机燃油喷射和控制, 1996, (1).
[27]王俊席,杨林,冯静等.GD-1高压共轨柴油机在线标定存储区的应用研究.内燃机工程, 2005, 26 (3): 43-45.
[28]彭毅刚,唐航波,龚元明等.高压共轨电控柴油机试验台架系统的设计.内燃机工程, 2005, 26 (3): 49-52.
[29]周龙保.内燃机学.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005, 1.
[30]郭建波.高压共轨柴油机电控燃油喷射系统及开发环境的研究.浙江:浙江大学, 2002.
[31]徐家龙.柴油机电控喷油技术.北京:人民交通出版社, 2004, 1.
[32]郭海涛.高压共轨喷油系统喷油规律与控制策略的研究.上海:上海交通大学, 2001.
[33]肖文雍,冒晓建,王好战等. GD-1高压共轨式电控柴油机的起动控制策略研究.内燃机学报, 2003, 21(2): 97-100.
[34]肖文雍,杨林,梁锋. GD-1高压共轨式电控柴油机燃油喷射压力控制策略的研究.内燃机学报, 2004, 22(3): 235-240.
[35]黄毅,文雍,唐永良等. GD-1高压共轨电控柴油机起动控制的试验研究.车用发动机, 2004, 150(2): 24-27.
[36]竺长安,张屹.控制理论与机械系统控制.北京:高等教育出版社, 2003.
[37]胡寿松.自动控制原理.北京:科学出版社, 2003.
[38]刘国荣.智能控制理论与技术.北京:清华大学出版社, 1992.
[39]李士勇.模糊控制·神经控制·智能控制.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 1996.
[40] Xie W. F., Rad A. B. Fuzzy Adaptive Internal Model Control. IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, 2000, 47(1): 193~202.
[41]王耀南.智能控制系统.长沙:湖南大学出版社,1997.
[42]张崇巍等.多层模糊控制器.第二届全国智能控制专家讨论会,清华大学, 1994.
[43]徐建明. PID控制器及其设计方法研究.浙江:浙江工业大学, 2002.
[44]刘金琨.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004.
[45]赵建华,沈永良.一种自适应PID控制算法.自动化学报, 2001, 27(3): 418-420.
[46]陶永华,尹怡欣,葛芦生.新型PID控制及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[47]诸静.模糊控制原理与应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005.