剪力墙结构基于性态的抗震设计方法研究
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摘要
基于性态的抗震设计是根据建筑物的重要性和用途，确定不同的抗震设防标准下建筑的性态目标，使所设计的建筑在未来的地震中具备预期的功能，从而使建筑物在整个寿命期内，在遭遇可能发生的地震作用下，总的费用达到最小。基于性态的抗震设计方法自20世纪90年代提出以来，受到了广大科研和设计人员的关注，现已成为21世纪各国抗震设计规范修订的主要方向。
本文以剪力墙结构作为研究对象，进行了剪力墙结构及构件基于性态的设计方法的研究，主要内容包括：
讨论了如何合理划分设防水准和剪力墙结构性态目标。总结归纳了国内外性态水准研究成果，提出一套不同超越概率的“四水准”抗震设防性态水准，并归纳了各性态水准下剪力墙结构的性态描述，在试验的基础上定义了各性态水准对应的构件性能状态，以及各性能状态对应的层间位移角范围，将剪力墙结构的性态水准与剪力墙构件的位移角状态联系起来，并进一步在试验统计基础上量化了性态目标。
在国内外关于构件损伤、结构损伤的损伤模型研究成果的基础上归纳统计了国内外对各性能状态下损伤指数的范围界定，提出了推荐采用的各级性态水准下的损伤指数界定范围。以宏观表现的形式给出相应的损伤描述，将各性能状态与损坏程度进行整理，量化了具体破坏程度，并分析了剪力墙结构的损伤模型，以试验数据对当前常用的各损伤模型进行了对比评估。
讨论了剪力墙结构基于性态设计方法的具体步骤。将弹塑性位移反应谱法作为剪力墙结构非线性阶段位移反应的估计方法，将其应用到剪力墙结构的性态设计当中。讨论了国内外Pushover方法的研究成果，制定了一套剪力墙结构性态设计的具体步骤。此外，还对剪力墙结构性态设计需要注意的构造措施也做出了说明。
本文通过剪力墙的低周反复荷载试验对剪力墙各设计参数做了较系统的研究。变化的参数包括：轴压比、高宽比、混凝土强度、边缘纵筋配筋率、边缘约束区长度、边缘配箍特征值。本文在试验的基础上，对剪力墙各设计参数对抗震性态的影响展开研究和分析，对影响剪力墙抗震性态的各参数做了量化的拟合，从试验的基础上总结出一套适用于剪力墙性态设计的具体的构件截面设计方法，同时也为进一步了解剪力墙的抗震性态提供了较系统的试验依据。
结构变形能力是非线性阶段需要重点关注的问题。本文在试验的基础上对现行规范剪力墙承载能力估计方法、不同截面特征的剪力墙屈服位移角、峰值位移角和极限位移角的估计方法进行了探讨。研究了影响剪力墙抗震性态的各参数与目标位移控制点的关系，并在所提出的设计方法的基础上制定了剪力墙截面设计的详细步骤。
最后，以实例的方式进一步说明了本文提出的剪力墙结构基于性态的抗震设计方法步骤。利用CANNY作为分析手段，对该实例结构进行了9条地震波作用下的位移分析，分析结果表明通过弹塑性位移反应谱法计算得到的剪力墙结构目标位移与时程分析得到的最大位移反应吻合良好，弹塑性位移反应谱法是一种较为可靠的剪力墙结构非线性位移估计方法。根据弹塑性位移反应谱法得到的目标位移和本文拟合的剪力墙构件各性能状态位移角估算公式进行验算、调整，可以实现剪力墙结构不同的性态目标。
Performance-based seismic design means confirming the performance aim of building under different protect level in order to gain an expected function when meeting a certain earthquake in the future, and to reduce the cost of the building to the lowest level during the whole lifespan under the potential earthquake according to the building importance and function. Performance-based seismic design has attracted an increased interest among researchers and engineers since it is proposed in 1990's. And now performance-based seismic design has become the main development direction of the seismic code mending.
In this article, the performance-based seismic design method of the shear wall structure and the member design is developed. The main investigation contains:
The method is discussed on how to classify the protect level and the performance aim of the shear wall structures. The performance research achievement in the world is generalized, and the "4 level" seismic protection level according to different probability level is put forward. The performance state of the shear wall structures under different performance level is described. The drift angle range of every performance level is defined. The performance level of the shear wall structures is connected to the member drift angle and the performance level is quantified based on the test statistical data.
The damage index level range of different performance level based on the research achievement in the world about the member damage, structure damage is introduced. A damage index scope adopted under different performance level is recommended. The macrograph behavior of the damage is described, the damage degree to each performance level is summarized, and the detail of the damage degree is quantified. The damage model of the shear wall is analyzed, each damage model by the test data and evaluates the current damage model is compared.
The performance-based seismic design method procedure is discussed. The inelastic seismic design spectra are used as the displacement response evaluation method in the inelastic stage, and are applied to the performance design of shear wall structures. The research achievement of the pushover method in the world is generalized. Based on the research analysis, a suit of performance-based design procedure is defined. The constructional detail of the performance-based design of the shear wall design is illustrated.
A systematic research on each parameter of the shear walls are developed through the cyclic loading testes of the shear walls. The various parameters including axial ratio, aspect ratio, concrete strength, boundary longitudinal reinforcement ratio, confined area length and boundary stirrup ratio. Based on the tests, research and analysis on the affection of the design parameter are developed. The affection of the parameters on the seismic performance of the shear walls are fitted, and a suit of detailed member design procedure of the seismic performance design based on the test are summarized..The tests provide a basis leading to a further comprehension of the seismic performance.
The deformation capacity is followed with great interest in inelastic stage. The discussion on the evaluation method of the current code on the resistant capacity, the evaluation on the yield drift angle, the peak point drift angle and the ultimate drift angle of different section are studied. The relationship between each parameter to the controlled points is investigated, and the detailed shear wall section design procedure is proposed.
In the end, the procedure of the performance-based seismic design method for shear wall structures is illustrated by an example. Using the CANNY program as the analyze method; the seismic behavior of the structure under the excitation of 9 earthquake ground motion records is analyzed. The result illustrate that the time history result follow the deformation aim calculated through the inelastic seismic design spectra method. The inelastic displacement spectra method is a reliable inelastic deformation evaluation method of the shear wall structures. Through the checking calculation and adjusting of the parameter of the shear wall using the deformation aim gained from the inelastic displacement spectra method and the fitted drift angle evaluation function of deferent performance level, the performance level of the shear wall could he realized.
本文以剪力墙结构作为研究对象，进行了剪力墙结构及构件基于性态的设计方法的研究，主要内容包括：
讨论了如何合理划分设防水准和剪力墙结构性态目标。总结归纳了国内外性态水准研究成果，提出一套不同超越概率的“四水准”抗震设防性态水准，并归纳了各性态水准下剪力墙结构的性态描述，在试验的基础上定义了各性态水准对应的构件性能状态，以及各性能状态对应的层间位移角范围，将剪力墙结构的性态水准与剪力墙构件的位移角状态联系起来，并进一步在试验统计基础上量化了性态目标。
在国内外关于构件损伤、结构损伤的损伤模型研究成果的基础上归纳统计了国内外对各性能状态下损伤指数的范围界定，提出了推荐采用的各级性态水准下的损伤指数界定范围。以宏观表现的形式给出相应的损伤描述，将各性能状态与损坏程度进行整理，量化了具体破坏程度，并分析了剪力墙结构的损伤模型，以试验数据对当前常用的各损伤模型进行了对比评估。
讨论了剪力墙结构基于性态设计方法的具体步骤。将弹塑性位移反应谱法作为剪力墙结构非线性阶段位移反应的估计方法，将其应用到剪力墙结构的性态设计当中。讨论了国内外Pushover方法的研究成果，制定了一套剪力墙结构性态设计的具体步骤。此外，还对剪力墙结构性态设计需要注意的构造措施也做出了说明。
本文通过剪力墙的低周反复荷载试验对剪力墙各设计参数做了较系统的研究。变化的参数包括：轴压比、高宽比、混凝土强度、边缘纵筋配筋率、边缘约束区长度、边缘配箍特征值。本文在试验的基础上，对剪力墙各设计参数对抗震性态的影响展开研究和分析，对影响剪力墙抗震性态的各参数做了量化的拟合，从试验的基础上总结出一套适用于剪力墙性态设计的具体的构件截面设计方法，同时也为进一步了解剪力墙的抗震性态提供了较系统的试验依据。
结构变形能力是非线性阶段需要重点关注的问题。本文在试验的基础上对现行规范剪力墙承载能力估计方法、不同截面特征的剪力墙屈服位移角、峰值位移角和极限位移角的估计方法进行了探讨。研究了影响剪力墙抗震性态的各参数与目标位移控制点的关系，并在所提出的设计方法的基础上制定了剪力墙截面设计的详细步骤。
最后，以实例的方式进一步说明了本文提出的剪力墙结构基于性态的抗震设计方法步骤。利用CANNY作为分析手段，对该实例结构进行了9条地震波作用下的位移分析，分析结果表明通过弹塑性位移反应谱法计算得到的剪力墙结构目标位移与时程分析得到的最大位移反应吻合良好，弹塑性位移反应谱法是一种较为可靠的剪力墙结构非线性位移估计方法。根据弹塑性位移反应谱法得到的目标位移和本文拟合的剪力墙构件各性能状态位移角估算公式进行验算、调整，可以实现剪力墙结构不同的性态目标。
Performance-based seismic design means confirming the performance aim of building under different protect level in order to gain an expected function when meeting a certain earthquake in the future, and to reduce the cost of the building to the lowest level during the whole lifespan under the potential earthquake according to the building importance and function. Performance-based seismic design has attracted an increased interest among researchers and engineers since it is proposed in 1990's. And now performance-based seismic design has become the main development direction of the seismic code mending.
In this article, the performance-based seismic design method of the shear wall structure and the member design is developed. The main investigation contains:
The method is discussed on how to classify the protect level and the performance aim of the shear wall structures. The performance research achievement in the world is generalized, and the "4 level" seismic protection level according to different probability level is put forward. The performance state of the shear wall structures under different performance level is described. The drift angle range of every performance level is defined. The performance level of the shear wall structures is connected to the member drift angle and the performance level is quantified based on the test statistical data.
The damage index level range of different performance level based on the research achievement in the world about the member damage, structure damage is introduced. A damage index scope adopted under different performance level is recommended. The macrograph behavior of the damage is described, the damage degree to each performance level is summarized, and the detail of the damage degree is quantified. The damage model of the shear wall is analyzed, each damage model by the test data and evaluates the current damage model is compared.
The performance-based seismic design method procedure is discussed. The inelastic seismic design spectra are used as the displacement response evaluation method in the inelastic stage, and are applied to the performance design of shear wall structures. The research achievement of the pushover method in the world is generalized. Based on the research analysis, a suit of performance-based design procedure is defined. The constructional detail of the performance-based design of the shear wall design is illustrated.
A systematic research on each parameter of the shear walls are developed through the cyclic loading testes of the shear walls. The various parameters including axial ratio, aspect ratio, concrete strength, boundary longitudinal reinforcement ratio, confined area length and boundary stirrup ratio. Based on the tests, research and analysis on the affection of the design parameter are developed. The affection of the parameters on the seismic performance of the shear walls are fitted, and a suit of detailed member design procedure of the seismic performance design based on the test are summarized..The tests provide a basis leading to a further comprehension of the seismic performance.
The deformation capacity is followed with great interest in inelastic stage. The discussion on the evaluation method of the current code on the resistant capacity, the evaluation on the yield drift angle, the peak point drift angle and the ultimate drift angle of different section are studied. The relationship between each parameter to the controlled points is investigated, and the detailed shear wall section design procedure is proposed.
In the end, the procedure of the performance-based seismic design method for shear wall structures is illustrated by an example. Using the CANNY program as the analyze method; the seismic behavior of the structure under the excitation of 9 earthquake ground motion records is analyzed. The result illustrate that the time history result follow the deformation aim calculated through the inelastic seismic design spectra method. The inelastic displacement spectra method is a reliable inelastic deformation evaluation method of the shear wall structures. Through the checking calculation and adjusting of the parameter of the shear wall using the deformation aim gained from the inelastic displacement spectra method and the fitted drift angle evaluation function of deferent performance level, the performance level of the shear wall could he realized.
引文
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