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组合导航系统的数据处理与仿真
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摘要
本文研究了有关组合导航系统的普遍的数据处理问题,总体上全文内容可以分为两大部分:组合导航系统数据处理和对一个组合导航系统仿真软件的介绍。具体内容如下:
     ●研究了最一般的导航数据融合问题(局部导航仪直接输出导航参数及精度,且无反馈、无局部导航仪之间的交叉数据通讯);提出了一种新的无反馈多源相关估计向量的保守最优融合算法,并将该算法由两个数据源推广到了多个数据源;补充证明了一系列定理,从而将本文方法和前人研究成果有机地融为一体,建立了完整的无反馈多源相关估计向量融合的理论体系。在本章最后,对常用的几种导航数据融合算法进行了分析和计算比较,得出一些有益的结论。
     ● 对组合导航常用的FDI(Fault Detection and Identification)算法进行了详细的总结、分类,分析、比较;对Kerr提出的状态一致性检验算法进行了改造和补充;详细讨论了分散化估计中的故障诊断问题,设计了与之对应的故障诊断方案。
     ●对常规的次优递推Sage自适应滤波器进行了改造,包括:对滤波结果发散进行综合抑制,提高了滤波器的数值稳定性;采用并行结构,消除了结果偏差;应用SPRT控制调整,增强了滤波器的动态跟踪能力。最终,得到了一种非常适合于高动态数据处理的新的次优递推Sage自适应滤波器。
     ●在前述保守最优数据融合算法基础上,针对局部Kalman滤波模型只能给出滤波状态参数及其方差阵的情况,设计了一种新型的多模型(MM:Multi-Model)自适应估计器。算例表明,新方法对局部模型的选择判断正确,对局部模型的变化反应速度较快,可作为一种性能良好通用MM估计器。
     ● 简要介绍了正在进行的一项有关SINS/双星/GPS/GLONASS的组合导航仿真课题,包括设计思路、仿真模型等。并对SINS/双星以及SINS/双星/GPS/GLONASS的组合进行了简单探讨,设计了几种实现方案,分析了每种方案的特点与不足。
This dissertation studies some general data processing problems that concern integrated navigation systems, and the achievements are widely applicable. As a whole, this paper consists of two main parts: data processing of integrated navigation systems and an introduction of a software platform designed for the simulation and study of integrated navigation systems. The details are as followings:
    The most usual problems related to navigation data fusion are studied (the local navigation sensors export directly navigation parameters and their accuracies without feedbacks and cross data communications); A novel conservative optimal fusion method of non-feedback multi-source correlated estimators is presented, and this method is extended to the case of more than two data sources; Some new theorems are supplied or proved so that our methods are naturally connected to the achievements up to present, and the integrated theory basis of non-feedback multi-source correlated estimators fusion is founded. At the end of this paper, some useful conclusions are summed up after analyzing and comparing several common-used methods of navigation data fusion.
    FDI methods are of great importance to integrated navigation. So in this paper, the common FDI methods are summed up, classified and compared in detail; The algorithm of state-consistency-checking provided by Kerr is innovated; Fault diagnosis of the decentralized estimators are thoroughly discussed, for which the diagnosis scenario is also designed.
    The classic sub-optimal recursive Sage adaptive filter is innovated in this paper. The innovations consist of: synthetically restraining the filter's divergence, as effectively improved the filter's numerical stability; a parallel filter structure is creatively designed to eliminate system biases; and SPRT method is used to control the adjustment of the noise statistics, so as to ameliorate the tracking performance of time-variant noises. Finally, a new sub-optimal recursive Sage adaptive filter is achieved, which is adapt to process high dynamic data.
    Aiming at the black-box case that local Kalman filters provide only the parameters and covariance matrices of filtered states, a novel multi-model adaptive estimator is designed on the basis of the united CI method. Simulation shows that the new method can properly judge and select the correct local model with quick responses to the changes of local models, so it can be well used as a universal MM estimator.
    A simulation task of integrated navigation system based on SINS/DB/GPS/GLONASS is introduced in brief, including the designing idea and the simulation models. Also, the integrations of SINS/DB and SINS/DB/GPS/GLONASS are discussed in a nutshell. Then several realizable solutions are designed, as well as each one's characters and disadvantages.
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