煤体结构类型的超声波判识理论与方法研究
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摘要
我国是煤与瓦斯突出灾害现象严重的国家,特别是近年来煤与瓦斯突出灾害出现的频率越来越高,严重影响了我国的煤炭生产秩序以及国家能源安全战略的稳定。因此如何有效地预测煤与瓦斯突出灾害的发生就显得尤为迫切。实践证明,发生煤与瓦斯突出灾害的一个必要条件是存在构造煤(Ⅲ类煤、Ⅳ类煤),所以,可以通过探测煤层中构造煤的存在与否,对煤与瓦斯突出灾害的预测进行指导。本文正是从这一角度出发,提出了利用超声波对煤体结构类型进行探测和判识的新方法。通过对其探测理论的深入研究,确定了超声反射法作为多层煤体介质条件下的探测方式,以及以超声波波速及超声波衰减系数作为主要的探测参数,并通过实验明确了煤体结构类型与超声波波速及超声波衰减系数之间的量化关系;建立了煤体中超声波波速的计算模型和煤体超声波衰减系数计算模型;在此基础上进一步构建了基于超声波和BP神经网络的煤体结构类型判识模型。该模型为典型的三层结构,以煤体的超声波波速、衰减系数及所采用的超声波工作频率作为输入的评判指标,以煤体结构类型作为输出,通过对评判指标的综合分析和处理,实现探测煤体结构类型的准确判断。本文的理论模型得到了实验证明,BP神经网络通过了校验数据的检验,说明理论和模型是合理的和正确的。总之,本文在煤体的超声波性质、煤体类型的探测方式及判识模型等方面进行了较深入的研究,为今后进一步开发煤体类型探测系统提供了较完善的理论基础。
The disaster of coal and gas outburst is serous in China. In these years with the increasing of coal production and exploitation depth, the frequency of the disaster is higher and it has badly affected the order of coal production. So how to effectively forecast the disaster is imminent. Practice has been proved that the necessary condition of coal and gas outburst is the existence of coal structure (coal ofⅢ&Ⅳ),so the disaster can be forecasted by exploring coal structure in coal bed or not. This paper brings forward a new method of exploring and differentiating coal structure types. By studying the exploring theory, models of calculating ultrasonic speed and ultrasonic attenuation coefficient in coal have been set up. Models have achieved the measure of ultrasonic speed and ultrasonic attenuation under the condition of multilayer and the relation between coal structure types and ultrasonic attenuation coefficient has been proved by experiments. Then the differentiating model of ultrasonic and BP neural network has been set up .The model is typical three-layer structure and in the model the input judging indexes are ultrasonic speed, ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and ultrasonic work frequency, the output indexes are coal structure types. By analyzing these indexes, coal structure types can be made exact estimation. These theories and models are proved to be reasonable and correct through experiments, BP neural network have been verified by the checkout data. In a word, this paper has made in-depth studies at ultrasonic quality, exploring project of coal structure types and theory modeling. And these studies have offered theory basis to exploring system of exploiting coal structure types for the future.
The disaster of coal and gas outburst is serous in China. In these years with the increasing of coal production and exploitation depth, the frequency of the disaster is higher and it has badly affected the order of coal production. So how to effectively forecast the disaster is imminent. Practice has been proved that the necessary condition of coal and gas outburst is the existence of coal structure (coal ofⅢ&Ⅳ),so the disaster can be forecasted by exploring coal structure in coal bed or not. This paper brings forward a new method of exploring and differentiating coal structure types. By studying the exploring theory, models of calculating ultrasonic speed and ultrasonic attenuation coefficient in coal have been set up. Models have achieved the measure of ultrasonic speed and ultrasonic attenuation under the condition of multilayer and the relation between coal structure types and ultrasonic attenuation coefficient has been proved by experiments. Then the differentiating model of ultrasonic and BP neural network has been set up .The model is typical three-layer structure and in the model the input judging indexes are ultrasonic speed, ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and ultrasonic work frequency, the output indexes are coal structure types. By analyzing these indexes, coal structure types can be made exact estimation. These theories and models are proved to be reasonable and correct through experiments, BP neural network have been verified by the checkout data. In a word, this paper has made in-depth studies at ultrasonic quality, exploring project of coal structure types and theory modeling. And these studies have offered theory basis to exploring system of exploiting coal structure types for the future.
引文
[1]程伟.煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测及防治技术.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社.2003,7
[2]于不凡.煤与瓦斯突出机理.北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1985
[3]李中锋.煤与瓦斯突出机理及其发生条件评述.煤炭科学技术,1997,25(11):44-47
[4]郝吉生,袁崇孚,张子戌.构造煤及其对煤与瓦斯突出的控制作用.焦作工学院学报(自然科学版) ,2000,19(6):403-406
[5]杨陆武,郭德勇.煤体结构在煤与瓦斯突出研究中的应用.煤炭科学技术,1996,24(7):49-52
[6]汤友谊,陈江峰,彭立世.无线电波坑道透视构造煤的研究.煤炭学报, 2002,27(3):254-258
[7]王连成,高克德,李大洪等.地质雷达探测掘进工作面前方瓦斯突出构造.煤炭科学技术.1997,25(11):13-16
[8]吕绍林.超声波探测瓦斯突出煤体.煤炭工程师, 1997,3:15-18
[9]吕绍林等.煤体声波特征及其应用.瓦斯地质论文集.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1995
[10]吕绍林.孔测超声波仪预测煤体结构理论基础.焦作矿业学院学报. 1995, 14(1):54-59
[11]冯诺.超声手册.南京:南京大学出版社,1999
[12]冯士安,唐修义.具有瓦斯突出危险性的构造煤特征及其意义.中国煤田地质,1998,10(1):24-26
[13](美)J.L.罗斯.固体中的超声波(何存富等译者).北京:科学出版社,2004
[14]Moustafa M. Mohamed, Laila T. Skiaat, arid Ahmed Nashaat Mahmoud. Propagation of Ultrasonic Waves Through Demineralized Cancellous Bone.IEEE TRANSACTIONS on ULTRASONICS, FEHROELBCTRICSI AND FREQOESCY CONTROL, 2003,50(3):279-288
[15]黄河华,何卫红.地震波与超声波速度差异原因及岩石波速的选取.水利水电,1999,1:51-54
[16]李造鼎,刘忠敏,赵毅军.岩石中超声波衰减的实验研究.煤炭学报,1987,3,1:77-85
[17]杨陆武,彭立世.以煤体结构为基础的煤与瓦斯突出简化力学模型.焦作工学院学报.1997,16(2):57-67
[18]郝艳捧,闫波,王国利等.基于超声脉冲反射法评估大电机定子绝缘的老化状态.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):91-95
[19]Glenn Washer,Paul Fuchs.Ultrasonic Testing of Reactive Powder Concrete.IEEE transactions on ultrasonics,ferroelectrics,and frequency control, 2004,51(2):193-201
[20]肖广哲,饶运章,龙绛珠,何锦龙.超声波反射法在巷道掘进中的应用.中国钨业.2003,18(3): 19-20,36
[21]魏明果,蹇继贵,刘建国.一类非均匀介质下的反射波时距曲线的求法.重庆邮电学院学报.1999,11(3):38-40,47
[22]Mark A. Haun, Douglas L. Jones, and William D. O’Brien, Jr. Adaptive Focusing Through Layered Media Using the Geophysical“Time Migration”Concept. 2002 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM:163-1638
[23]陆基孟,地震勘探原理及资料解释.北京:石油工业出版社, 1991
[24]孙立广,施行觉,倪守斌.超声波探测在构造地质研究中的初步应用.地质与勘探,1992,2,28(2):36:40
[25]Ross Williams, Emmanuel Cherin, Jahan Tavakkoli,F. Stuart Foster. Theoretical and Experimental High-Frequency Nonlinear Ultrasound Propagation through Multilayered Media. 2004 IEEE International Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics,and Frequency Control Joint 50th Anniversary Conference:2193-2196
[26]王耀俊.多层固体媒质对声波的反射和透射.南京大学学报,1993,29(1):49-62
[27]Ramazan Demirli, Jafar Saniie. Model-Based Estimation of Ultrasonic Echoes PartⅡ: Nondestructive Evaluation Applications. IEEE 'I'RANSAC'I'IONS ON ULTRASONICS,FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL, 2001,48(3):803-811
[28]Gregory T. Clement and Kullervo Hynynen. Forward Planar Projection Through Layered Media.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL, 2003,50(12):1689-1698
[29]Eveline J. Aym6-Bellegarda, Tarek M. Habashy, and Hung-Wen Chang. Forward Ultrasonic Scattering from Multidimensional Solid or Fluid Inclusions Buried in Multilayered Elastic Structures. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL, 1992,39(1):1-10
[30]Emmanuel Bossy, Maryline Talmant, Marielle Defontaine. Bidirectional Axial Transmission Can Improve Accuracy and Precision of Ultrasonic Velocity Measurement in Cortical Bone: A Validation on Test Materials.IEEE Transactions onUltrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency control, 2004,51(1):71-79
[31]罗松南,周正平.波在非均匀损伤介质中的传播.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,7,31(增刊):48-51
[32]MICHEL PERDRIX, JEAN-CLAUDE BABOUX, FEREYDOUN LAKESTANI. Acoustic Impedance Measurement by Reflection of an Ultrasonic Impulse on a Specimen Through a Coupling Layer. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SONICS AND ULTRASONICS,VOL,.NO.6,NOVEMBER 1981:431-436
[33]张庆,李卓凡,王小怀.声速测定中声强的综合衰减系数的测定.大学物理实验,2005,18(1):25-27
[34]程磊,杨运良,熊亚选.基于人工神经网络的矿井通风系统评价研究.中国安全科学学报,2005,15(5):88-91
[35]谭术魁,游和远.基于BP神经网络的湖北省城市土地可持续利用评价.科技进步与对策.2006,10:147-150
[36]刘国清,李海雄,张庆法.基于单片机的智能岩体声发射监测多用仪.矿业研究与开发,2004,24(2):55-56
[37]曹茂勇,王霞.超声测距数字信号采集系统.电测与仪表, 2000,37(8):26-27,9
[2]于不凡.煤与瓦斯突出机理.北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1985
[3]李中锋.煤与瓦斯突出机理及其发生条件评述.煤炭科学技术,1997,25(11):44-47
[4]郝吉生,袁崇孚,张子戌.构造煤及其对煤与瓦斯突出的控制作用.焦作工学院学报(自然科学版) ,2000,19(6):403-406
[5]杨陆武,郭德勇.煤体结构在煤与瓦斯突出研究中的应用.煤炭科学技术,1996,24(7):49-52
[6]汤友谊,陈江峰,彭立世.无线电波坑道透视构造煤的研究.煤炭学报, 2002,27(3):254-258
[7]王连成,高克德,李大洪等.地质雷达探测掘进工作面前方瓦斯突出构造.煤炭科学技术.1997,25(11):13-16
[8]吕绍林.超声波探测瓦斯突出煤体.煤炭工程师, 1997,3:15-18
[9]吕绍林等.煤体声波特征及其应用.瓦斯地质论文集.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1995
[10]吕绍林.孔测超声波仪预测煤体结构理论基础.焦作矿业学院学报. 1995, 14(1):54-59
[11]冯诺.超声手册.南京:南京大学出版社,1999
[12]冯士安,唐修义.具有瓦斯突出危险性的构造煤特征及其意义.中国煤田地质,1998,10(1):24-26
[13](美)J.L.罗斯.固体中的超声波(何存富等译者).北京:科学出版社,2004
[14]Moustafa M. Mohamed, Laila T. Skiaat, arid Ahmed Nashaat Mahmoud. Propagation of Ultrasonic Waves Through Demineralized Cancellous Bone.IEEE TRANSACTIONS on ULTRASONICS, FEHROELBCTRICSI AND FREQOESCY CONTROL, 2003,50(3):279-288
[15]黄河华,何卫红.地震波与超声波速度差异原因及岩石波速的选取.水利水电,1999,1:51-54
[16]李造鼎,刘忠敏,赵毅军.岩石中超声波衰减的实验研究.煤炭学报,1987,3,1:77-85
[17]杨陆武,彭立世.以煤体结构为基础的煤与瓦斯突出简化力学模型.焦作工学院学报.1997,16(2):57-67
[18]郝艳捧,闫波,王国利等.基于超声脉冲反射法评估大电机定子绝缘的老化状态.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):91-95
[19]Glenn Washer,Paul Fuchs.Ultrasonic Testing of Reactive Powder Concrete.IEEE transactions on ultrasonics,ferroelectrics,and frequency control, 2004,51(2):193-201
[20]肖广哲,饶运章,龙绛珠,何锦龙.超声波反射法在巷道掘进中的应用.中国钨业.2003,18(3): 19-20,36
[21]魏明果,蹇继贵,刘建国.一类非均匀介质下的反射波时距曲线的求法.重庆邮电学院学报.1999,11(3):38-40,47
[22]Mark A. Haun, Douglas L. Jones, and William D. O’Brien, Jr. Adaptive Focusing Through Layered Media Using the Geophysical“Time Migration”Concept. 2002 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM:163-1638
[23]陆基孟,地震勘探原理及资料解释.北京:石油工业出版社, 1991
[24]孙立广,施行觉,倪守斌.超声波探测在构造地质研究中的初步应用.地质与勘探,1992,2,28(2):36:40
[25]Ross Williams, Emmanuel Cherin, Jahan Tavakkoli,F. Stuart Foster. Theoretical and Experimental High-Frequency Nonlinear Ultrasound Propagation through Multilayered Media. 2004 IEEE International Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics,and Frequency Control Joint 50th Anniversary Conference:2193-2196
[26]王耀俊.多层固体媒质对声波的反射和透射.南京大学学报,1993,29(1):49-62
[27]Ramazan Demirli, Jafar Saniie. Model-Based Estimation of Ultrasonic Echoes PartⅡ: Nondestructive Evaluation Applications. IEEE 'I'RANSAC'I'IONS ON ULTRASONICS,FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL, 2001,48(3):803-811
[28]Gregory T. Clement and Kullervo Hynynen. Forward Planar Projection Through Layered Media.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL, 2003,50(12):1689-1698
[29]Eveline J. Aym6-Bellegarda, Tarek M. Habashy, and Hung-Wen Chang. Forward Ultrasonic Scattering from Multidimensional Solid or Fluid Inclusions Buried in Multilayered Elastic Structures. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL, 1992,39(1):1-10
[30]Emmanuel Bossy, Maryline Talmant, Marielle Defontaine. Bidirectional Axial Transmission Can Improve Accuracy and Precision of Ultrasonic Velocity Measurement in Cortical Bone: A Validation on Test Materials.IEEE Transactions onUltrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency control, 2004,51(1):71-79
[31]罗松南,周正平.波在非均匀损伤介质中的传播.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,7,31(增刊):48-51
[32]MICHEL PERDRIX, JEAN-CLAUDE BABOUX, FEREYDOUN LAKESTANI. Acoustic Impedance Measurement by Reflection of an Ultrasonic Impulse on a Specimen Through a Coupling Layer. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SONICS AND ULTRASONICS,VOL,.NO.6,NOVEMBER 1981:431-436
[33]张庆,李卓凡,王小怀.声速测定中声强的综合衰减系数的测定.大学物理实验,2005,18(1):25-27
[34]程磊,杨运良,熊亚选.基于人工神经网络的矿井通风系统评价研究.中国安全科学学报,2005,15(5):88-91
[35]谭术魁,游和远.基于BP神经网络的湖北省城市土地可持续利用评价.科技进步与对策.2006,10:147-150
[36]刘国清,李海雄,张庆法.基于单片机的智能岩体声发射监测多用仪.矿业研究与开发,2004,24(2):55-56
[37]曹茂勇,王霞.超声测距数字信号采集系统.电测与仪表, 2000,37(8):26-27,9