西安市邓家村城市污水Johannesburg工艺处理系统模拟及分析
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摘要
本文在国际水协会活性污泥2号模型(ASM2)和二沉池Takacs分层沉淀模型的基础上构建了活性污泥系统综合模型。在WindowsXP操作系统上，采用VisualBasic 6．0语言编写了活性污泥系统模拟程序，并应用欧盟模拟基准(COSTSimulation Benchmark)对其进行检验，最后应用模拟程序对西安市邓家村污水处理厂进行了模拟分析。
在模拟程序编制的过程中对操作界面、数据输入和输出、数据库、计算方法和积分步长等具体问题进行了分析，通过基准校验，证明所编写的模拟程序在计算精度、运行速度和数据管理等方面可满足实用要求。
应用所编写的模拟程序对西安市邓家村污水处理厂Johannesburg工艺进行了模拟，分析现有进水水质和工艺条件下系统的微生物量及出水水质。进一步分析了进水分配比、污泥回流比、混合液回流比、污泥龄、反应器体积分配比等参数对Johannesburg工艺脱氮效果的影响。结果表明：
(1)进水分配比的改变可以影响进入厌氧池的硝酸盐浓度及快速生物降解COD的含量，从而对系统除磷效果影响很大；但进水分配比的改变对系统脱氮效果影响不大；
(2)系统脱氮效率随着混合液回流比的增大而增大。当混合液回流比超过150％时，再继续提高混合液回流比对系统出水硝氮几乎没有影响，将实际工艺混合液回流比为125％，将其增大到150％，总氮去除率仅提高3．5％；
(3)随着污泥回流比的增加(从30％增加到100％)，出水总氮，氨氮，硝氮浓度逐渐减小，出水总磷、磷酸浓度逐渐增加，出水中的TCOD、SS浓度也逐渐增加，改变污泥回流比比不能有效的提高系统脱氮效果；
(4)污泥龄大于12天便可满足工艺出水要求。实际工艺系统污泥龄为15天，继续增大污泥龄系统脱氮率基本上保持不变，所以改变污泥龄也不能有效的提高系统脱氮效果；
(5)当缺氧区与好氧区的比例由原来1：14．7调整为1：2．3时，反硝化进行的更彻底，缺氧池出水硝氮浓度由3．1mg/l减少为0．04mg/l，TN去除率提高了25．7％，出水总氮浓度变得更低。通过对缺氧区与好氧区体积比的改变可以很好的提高系统脱氮效果。
On the basis of the activated sludge NO.2 and the Takàcs settling model, a simulation program for the wastewater treatment process with Visual Basic 6.0 under Windows XP operation system was constructed. The simulation program was adjusted by the COST simulation benchmark and then was used to simulate and analyse municipal wastewater treatment process in Dengjiacun, Xi'an.
The user's interface, access database, data input and output, calculation method and integral steps were discussed for the program development. The results showed that the calculation precision, run velocity and data management in the program can fit the requirement of application.
The software was used to simulate the Johannesburg process and analyse the biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus in effluent during the sludge-cultivating. Furthermore, the thesis had predicted the effluent quality under different operation and control conditions such as influent distribution ratio, mixed liquor recycling ratio, activated sludge circulation ratio, SRT and volume ratio between anoxic and oxic zone in the model. The main conclusions are summarized as follows:
(1) The change of the influent distribution ratio affected the concentration of NO_3-N and COD in the anaerobic zone which had a great impact on the efficiency of the biological phosphorus removal in the system. But the change of the influent distribution ratio was of no effect on the efficiency of the biological nitrogen removal;
(2) Nitrogen removal can be enhanced by increasing the mixed liquor recycling ratio. When the mixed liquor recycling ratio was higher than 150%, the NO_3-N in effluent was hardly changed. The efficiency of the biological total nitrogen removal increased by 3.5% when the mixed liquor recycling ratio increased from 125% to 150%;
(3) With the increasement of the activated sludge circulation ratio (ranging from 30% to 100%), the effluent quality changed as follows: the concentration of TN, NH_3-N, NO_3-N induced while the concentration of TP, PO_4~(2-), TCOD and SS increased. And the activated sludge circulation ratio can not enhance the efficiency of the biological nitrogen removal effectively;
(4) The concentration of COD, TP, TN and ammonia-nirtogen in effluent satisfied all requirements when the SRT is controlled in 12d. The SRT in the actual process is 15d and the efficiency of the biological total nitrogen removal remained steady when it was more than 15 days;
(5) When the volume ratio between anoxic and oxic zone changes from 1:14.7 to 1:2.3, NO_3-N in the anoxic zone decreases from 3.1 mg/l to 0.04mg/l and the efficiency of the total nitrogen removal increased by 25.7%. It showed that the volume ration between anoxic and oxic zone has a tremendous effect on the nitrogen removal process.
在模拟程序编制的过程中对操作界面、数据输入和输出、数据库、计算方法和积分步长等具体问题进行了分析，通过基准校验，证明所编写的模拟程序在计算精度、运行速度和数据管理等方面可满足实用要求。
应用所编写的模拟程序对西安市邓家村污水处理厂Johannesburg工艺进行了模拟，分析现有进水水质和工艺条件下系统的微生物量及出水水质。进一步分析了进水分配比、污泥回流比、混合液回流比、污泥龄、反应器体积分配比等参数对Johannesburg工艺脱氮效果的影响。结果表明：
(1)进水分配比的改变可以影响进入厌氧池的硝酸盐浓度及快速生物降解COD的含量，从而对系统除磷效果影响很大；但进水分配比的改变对系统脱氮效果影响不大；
(2)系统脱氮效率随着混合液回流比的增大而增大。当混合液回流比超过150％时，再继续提高混合液回流比对系统出水硝氮几乎没有影响，将实际工艺混合液回流比为125％，将其增大到150％，总氮去除率仅提高3．5％；
(3)随着污泥回流比的增加(从30％增加到100％)，出水总氮，氨氮，硝氮浓度逐渐减小，出水总磷、磷酸浓度逐渐增加，出水中的TCOD、SS浓度也逐渐增加，改变污泥回流比比不能有效的提高系统脱氮效果；
(4)污泥龄大于12天便可满足工艺出水要求。实际工艺系统污泥龄为15天，继续增大污泥龄系统脱氮率基本上保持不变，所以改变污泥龄也不能有效的提高系统脱氮效果；
(5)当缺氧区与好氧区的比例由原来1：14．7调整为1：2．3时，反硝化进行的更彻底，缺氧池出水硝氮浓度由3．1mg/l减少为0．04mg/l，TN去除率提高了25．7％，出水总氮浓度变得更低。通过对缺氧区与好氧区体积比的改变可以很好的提高系统脱氮效果。
On the basis of the activated sludge NO.2 and the Takàcs settling model, a simulation program for the wastewater treatment process with Visual Basic 6.0 under Windows XP operation system was constructed. The simulation program was adjusted by the COST simulation benchmark and then was used to simulate and analyse municipal wastewater treatment process in Dengjiacun, Xi'an.
The user's interface, access database, data input and output, calculation method and integral steps were discussed for the program development. The results showed that the calculation precision, run velocity and data management in the program can fit the requirement of application.
The software was used to simulate the Johannesburg process and analyse the biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus in effluent during the sludge-cultivating. Furthermore, the thesis had predicted the effluent quality under different operation and control conditions such as influent distribution ratio, mixed liquor recycling ratio, activated sludge circulation ratio, SRT and volume ratio between anoxic and oxic zone in the model. The main conclusions are summarized as follows:
(1) The change of the influent distribution ratio affected the concentration of NO_3-N and COD in the anaerobic zone which had a great impact on the efficiency of the biological phosphorus removal in the system. But the change of the influent distribution ratio was of no effect on the efficiency of the biological nitrogen removal;
(2) Nitrogen removal can be enhanced by increasing the mixed liquor recycling ratio. When the mixed liquor recycling ratio was higher than 150%, the NO_3-N in effluent was hardly changed. The efficiency of the biological total nitrogen removal increased by 3.5% when the mixed liquor recycling ratio increased from 125% to 150%;
(3) With the increasement of the activated sludge circulation ratio (ranging from 30% to 100%), the effluent quality changed as follows: the concentration of TN, NH_3-N, NO_3-N induced while the concentration of TP, PO_4~(2-), TCOD and SS increased. And the activated sludge circulation ratio can not enhance the efficiency of the biological nitrogen removal effectively;
(4) The concentration of COD, TP, TN and ammonia-nirtogen in effluent satisfied all requirements when the SRT is controlled in 12d. The SRT in the actual process is 15d and the efficiency of the biological total nitrogen removal remained steady when it was more than 15 days;
(5) When the volume ratio between anoxic and oxic zone changes from 1:14.7 to 1:2.3, NO_3-N in the anoxic zone decreases from 3.1 mg/l to 0.04mg/l and the efficiency of the total nitrogen removal increased by 25.7%. It showed that the volume ration between anoxic and oxic zone has a tremendous effect on the nitrogen removal process.
引文
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[2]张希衡．水污染控制工程北京：冶金工业出版社，1997．
[3]娄金生，谢水波，何少华等编．生物脱氮除磷原理与应用,2002．
[4]赵庆良，任南琪主编．水污染控制工程．化学工业出版社．
[5]周雹，周丹等．活性污泥工艺的设计计算方法探讨．中国给水排水，2001， 17(5)：45-49．
[7]张亚雷，吴咏梅译．活性污泥数学模型．上海：同济大学出版社，2002．
[8] 鞠兴华．城市污水单项活性污泥处理系统计算机模拟．西安建筑科技大学环境 专业硕士学位论文．2002．
[9]北京水环境技术与设备研究中心，北京市环境保护科学研究所，国家城市环 境污染控制工程技术研究中心主编．三废处理工程技术手册，废水卷．化学工 业出版社；2000．
[10]郝晓地．可持续污水——废物处理技术．中国建筑工业出版社；2006．
[11]王成强，马轲．新概念Visual Basic 6．0教程．科学出版社&北京科海电子出版社； 2003．
[12]汪大翠，雷乐成．水处理新技术及工程设计．化学工业出版社．2005．
[13]邓兴灿，李亚新编著．污水除磷脱氮技术．中国建筑工业出版社．1998．
[14]陈莉荣．城市污水单项活性污泥法处理系统模拟设计及预测．西安建筑科技 大学环境专业硕士学位论文．2002．
[15]李志颖．城市污水单项活性污泥处理系统计算机模拟．西安建筑科技大学环境 专业硕士学位论文．2003．
[16]任海英．城市污水活性污泥处理系统模拟预测及设计．西安建筑科技大学环境 专业硕士学位论文．2004．
[17]方士昌．活性污泥系统数学模型在吴忠市污水处理厂的应用研究．西安理工大 学环境专业硕士学位论文．2005．
[18]沙锦棘。基于ASM1模型改善城市污水处理厂运行工况与效果的研究．郑州大 学环境专业硕士学位论文．2005．
[19]曹海彬，张代钧，卢培利．活性污泥模型进水COD组分的测定方法．重庆大学学 报(自然科学版)，2005，28(9)，83-87．
[20]孙德荣，吴星五．活性污泥法数学模型的发展及应用．中国给水排水，2003， 19(2)， 40-42
[21]赵振，林卫青．活性污泥数学模型在污水处理中的研究进展．上海环境科学， 580-586．
[22]杨青，刘遂庆，甘树应．污水生物除磷模型研究进展．中国给水排水，2004，20(3)， 21-26．
[23]李昀涛，隋军，周恭明．ASM模型中四个基质组分测定研究．四川环境,2004，23 (1)，92-95
[24]于静洁，李莉，顾国维，张志峰．ASMs模型中异养菌减衰系数之间的关系及其测 定．环境科学与技术，2006，29(5)，28-32．
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