控蘖剂对双季超级稻产量品质的影响及其机理研究
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摘要
设置喷施控蘖剂和喷清水(对照)2种方式,系统研究了控蘖剂对双季超级稻分蘖成穗、生长发育、籽粒灌浆、内源激素变化、产量品质及其养分吸收等的影响,并依此阐明了控蘖剂对双季超级稻产量和品质影响的生理作用机制,主要结果如下：
1、喷施控蘖剂对双季早晚稻产量和稻米品质及养分吸收均有提高的作用。表现为早晚稻产量构成因子协调上升而增加产量,早稻增产9.93%,晚稻增产12.75%；喷施控蘖剂提高了稻米的加工品质,外观品质,增加了直链淀粉的含量,提高了胶稠度,减小了早稻的蛋白质含量却增加了晚稻的蛋白质含量。喷控蘖剂处理早、晚稻综合评分分别比对照高0.5分和1.5分。喷控蘖剂以后,早、晚稻的整个淀粉RVA谱曲线呈上升趋势,RVA谱特征值中的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值、最终黏度、消减值以及糊化温度呈增加趋势,而到达峰值时间不变。喷施控蘖剂提高了稻株体内的N、P、K含率,增加了稻株全生育期的N、P、K吸收量。
2、喷施控蘖剂能显著抑制早稻一次分蘖7/0和8/0,晚稻一次分蘖8/0和9/0,以及所有二次分蘖的发生,但却增加了这些叶位分蘖的成穗率。喷施控蘖剂以后,使得分蘖成穗产量所占籽粒产量比重增加,主茎成穗产量所占籽粒产量比重减小。喷施控蘖剂主要增加了一次分蘖对产量的贡献,却减小了二次分蘖对产量的贡献。
3、在喷控蘖剂前后一周时间内,喷施控蘖剂能减缓叶片和茎鞘含N率的下降。早晚稻叶片内iPA、Z+ZR含量直线上升,IAA含量直线下降。喷控蘖剂以后,早晚稻叶片内iPA、Z+ZR含量上升的幅度要大于喷清水对照。IAA下降的幅度要小于喷清水对照。喷控蘖剂处理早晚稻的叶片内GAs含量呈先增加后下降的趋势,喷后1天叶片内GAs含量达到峰值。而喷清水对照处理叶片内GAs含量呈直线下降的变化趋势。喷控蘖剂处理的早晚稻叶片内ABA含量呈先下降后上升的趋势,喷后1天叶片内ABA含量到达谷底。而喷清水对照处理叶片内ABA含量呈直线上升的变化趋势。喷施控蘖剂提高了控蘖后一周的叶片中的iPA、Z+ZR、ABA、IAA和GAs含量。
4、喷施控蘖剂能显著减少无效和低效分蘖的发生,高峰苗期分蘖构成中高效分蘖(单茎4叶及以上分蘖)所占比重远高于未喷施控蘖剂处理。成熟期喷施控蘖剂处理的株高、穗长、穗粒数、穗着粒密度、二次枝粳数及着生其上的二次颖花数及结实率均显著高于未喷施控蘖剂处理。同时喷施控蘖剂后提高了孕穗期上三叶叶温,增强稻株群体的透光性,提高叶SPAD值,增强了光合作用能力。增加了抽穗期有效叶面积指数与有效叶面积率、高效叶面积指数与高效叶面积率,增加了粒叶比、增加了孕穗期及以后的群体生物量和叶面积指数,增加中后期群体生长速率等,但也表现出稻株基部节间长度增大,茎秆粗度减小、稻株抗倒伏力略有下降等特征。
5、喷施控蘖剂增加了籽粒灌浆过程中早晚稻强弱势粒的籽粒灌浆积累量,加快了籽粒灌浆速率,增加了强弱势粒灌浆Richard方程参数值的A、R0、tmax.G、Wmax.G、 Gmax、Gmean以及T99,同时还增加了籽粒中内源激素iPA、Z+ZR、IAA和GAs含量,降低了ABA的含量。
上述研究结果表明控蘖剂对双季超级稻产量、品质等具有调节作用。其主要作用机制是控蘖剂有效抑制了无效分蘖和低效分蘖的发生,促进了有效分蘖的生长,依此而建立高效光合群体,吸收更多的养分等资源,促进籽粒灌浆充实而增加产量,提高品质。
With2widely used double-season super indica rice Jinyou458(early rice) and GanXin688(late rice) as test materials, the effects of tiller-inhibitor (with water as the CK)on the tiller occurrence and ear bearing,rice growth,grain filling,changes of endogenous phytohormones, yield and its formation, rice quality and nutrient absorption and so on were studied during the year2010-2011,at Test base of JiangXi Province Institute of Agricultural Sciences at TuJia Village,LiantTang Town, Nan Chang county, JiangXi province. The main results were as follows:
1st, Tiller-Inhibitor can improve the yield, grain quality and the nutrient absorption of the double-season early and late rice.The yield constitution factor raised coordinately, the early rice increases yield9.93%while the late rice increases12.75%; Tiller-Inhibitor enhanced the grain's milling quality, the appearance quality, increased the amylose content, enhanced the gel consistency, reduced early rice's protein content and increase late rice's protein content. Tiller-Inhibitor can improved0.5(early rice)and1.5(early rice)grade points.Tiller-Inhibitor can escalate the entire starch RVA spectrum curve of the early and late rice. Tiller-Inhibitor can improve the RVA spectrum characteristic value peak value viscosity, the trough viscosity, breakdown, the final viscosity,setback as well as the pasting temperature, but the peak time to be invariable. Tiller-Inhibitor can enhance the N, P, K content, increased N, P, the K absorption of rice of the whole growing period.
2nd, Tiller-Inhibitor can suppress obviously the occurrence of the tiller7/0and8/0of the early rice and the tiller8/0and9/0of the late rice, as well as the secondary tillers group, but actually increased the ear-bearing rate of these tillers. Tiller-Inhibitor increases the tiller yield proportion but decreases the stem yield proportion. It increases the primary tiller group yield proportion but decreases the secondary tiller group yield proportion.
3rd, in a week time after the tiller-inhibitor sprayed, Tiller-Inhibitor can slow down the drop of the N content of leaf and the stem sheath.the iPA and Z+ZR content of the double-season rice straightly rise, the IAA content of the double-season rice straightly drops, tiller-inhibitor enhanced the extent of rising the iPA and the Z+ZR content and reduced the extent of droping the IAA content. After spraying the tiller-inhibitor,the GAs content of the leaf first arise then drop, the GAs content of leaf achieve the peak value1day after spraying the tiller-inhibitor. while the GAs content of the treatment of spraying the water drops straightly. After spraying the tiller-inhibitor, the ABA content of the leaf first drop then ascend, the ABA content of leaf achieve the bottom value1day after spraying the tiller-inhibitor.while the ABA content of the treatment of spraying the water ascend straightly.tiller-inhibitor enhance iPA, Z+ZR, ABA, IAA and the GAs content of the leaf in a week time after spraying the tiller-inhibitor.
4th,the tiller-inhibitor can reduce the occurrence of the invalid and the low efficiency tillers obviously, the proportion of the middle and high effective tillers (single stem have4and above leaves) was much higher than that no tiller-inhibitor sprayed at the maxium tillers stage.At the maturity,the length of the ear, the grains per ear, the grain density of an ear, second branches and the glume flowers on the branches and the grain filling-rate on the branches that the tiller-inhibitor is sprayed obviously higher than has not sprayed.After sprayed the tiller-inhibitor, the plant height, the population biomass and the leaf area index of the middle and late growing stages,the3above leave temperature at the baby-earing stage were increased, enhance the percentage of light-penetrate, the leaf SPAD value, strengthened the photosynthesis ability, Increased the earing period effective LAI and the effective leaf area rate, the highly effective LAI and the highly effective leaf area rate, increased the proption of grain of leaves, increased the biomass weight and LAI of the booting stage and later growing stages, increase CGR of the mid and later growing stage and so on, but also increase the length of the rice base stem,reduces the thickness of the stem and reduced the anti-lodging ability.
5th, Tiller-Inhibitor improved the grain filling accumulation,sped up the grain filling rate, increased the grain filling Richard equation parameter value A, R0, tmax. G, Wmax.G, Gmax, Gmean as well as T99, meanwhile increased in the grain endogenous hormone iPA, Z+ZR, IAA and the GAs content, reduced the ABA content. of the strong and weak grain of early and late rice.
The above findings indicated Tiller-Inhibitor has a effect on the yield, the grain quality and so on to the double season super rice.Its main function mechanism was the tiller-inhibitor suppress effectively the occurrence of the invalid and the low efficiency tiller, promoted the growth of the effective tiller, established the highly effective photosynthesis rice population, absorbed more nutrients, promote the grain filling,thus improve the gain yield and the grain quality.
1、喷施控蘖剂对双季早晚稻产量和稻米品质及养分吸收均有提高的作用。表现为早晚稻产量构成因子协调上升而增加产量,早稻增产9.93%,晚稻增产12.75%；喷施控蘖剂提高了稻米的加工品质,外观品质,增加了直链淀粉的含量,提高了胶稠度,减小了早稻的蛋白质含量却增加了晚稻的蛋白质含量。喷控蘖剂处理早、晚稻综合评分分别比对照高0.5分和1.5分。喷控蘖剂以后,早、晚稻的整个淀粉RVA谱曲线呈上升趋势,RVA谱特征值中的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值、最终黏度、消减值以及糊化温度呈增加趋势,而到达峰值时间不变。喷施控蘖剂提高了稻株体内的N、P、K含率,增加了稻株全生育期的N、P、K吸收量。
2、喷施控蘖剂能显著抑制早稻一次分蘖7/0和8/0,晚稻一次分蘖8/0和9/0,以及所有二次分蘖的发生,但却增加了这些叶位分蘖的成穗率。喷施控蘖剂以后,使得分蘖成穗产量所占籽粒产量比重增加,主茎成穗产量所占籽粒产量比重减小。喷施控蘖剂主要增加了一次分蘖对产量的贡献,却减小了二次分蘖对产量的贡献。
3、在喷控蘖剂前后一周时间内,喷施控蘖剂能减缓叶片和茎鞘含N率的下降。早晚稻叶片内iPA、Z+ZR含量直线上升,IAA含量直线下降。喷控蘖剂以后,早晚稻叶片内iPA、Z+ZR含量上升的幅度要大于喷清水对照。IAA下降的幅度要小于喷清水对照。喷控蘖剂处理早晚稻的叶片内GAs含量呈先增加后下降的趋势,喷后1天叶片内GAs含量达到峰值。而喷清水对照处理叶片内GAs含量呈直线下降的变化趋势。喷控蘖剂处理的早晚稻叶片内ABA含量呈先下降后上升的趋势,喷后1天叶片内ABA含量到达谷底。而喷清水对照处理叶片内ABA含量呈直线上升的变化趋势。喷施控蘖剂提高了控蘖后一周的叶片中的iPA、Z+ZR、ABA、IAA和GAs含量。
4、喷施控蘖剂能显著减少无效和低效分蘖的发生,高峰苗期分蘖构成中高效分蘖(单茎4叶及以上分蘖)所占比重远高于未喷施控蘖剂处理。成熟期喷施控蘖剂处理的株高、穗长、穗粒数、穗着粒密度、二次枝粳数及着生其上的二次颖花数及结实率均显著高于未喷施控蘖剂处理。同时喷施控蘖剂后提高了孕穗期上三叶叶温,增强稻株群体的透光性,提高叶SPAD值,增强了光合作用能力。增加了抽穗期有效叶面积指数与有效叶面积率、高效叶面积指数与高效叶面积率,增加了粒叶比、增加了孕穗期及以后的群体生物量和叶面积指数,增加中后期群体生长速率等,但也表现出稻株基部节间长度增大,茎秆粗度减小、稻株抗倒伏力略有下降等特征。
5、喷施控蘖剂增加了籽粒灌浆过程中早晚稻强弱势粒的籽粒灌浆积累量,加快了籽粒灌浆速率,增加了强弱势粒灌浆Richard方程参数值的A、R0、tmax.G、Wmax.G、 Gmax、Gmean以及T99,同时还增加了籽粒中内源激素iPA、Z+ZR、IAA和GAs含量,降低了ABA的含量。
上述研究结果表明控蘖剂对双季超级稻产量、品质等具有调节作用。其主要作用机制是控蘖剂有效抑制了无效分蘖和低效分蘖的发生,促进了有效分蘖的生长,依此而建立高效光合群体,吸收更多的养分等资源,促进籽粒灌浆充实而增加产量,提高品质。
With2widely used double-season super indica rice Jinyou458(early rice) and GanXin688(late rice) as test materials, the effects of tiller-inhibitor (with water as the CK)on the tiller occurrence and ear bearing,rice growth,grain filling,changes of endogenous phytohormones, yield and its formation, rice quality and nutrient absorption and so on were studied during the year2010-2011,at Test base of JiangXi Province Institute of Agricultural Sciences at TuJia Village,LiantTang Town, Nan Chang county, JiangXi province. The main results were as follows:
1st, Tiller-Inhibitor can improve the yield, grain quality and the nutrient absorption of the double-season early and late rice.The yield constitution factor raised coordinately, the early rice increases yield9.93%while the late rice increases12.75%; Tiller-Inhibitor enhanced the grain's milling quality, the appearance quality, increased the amylose content, enhanced the gel consistency, reduced early rice's protein content and increase late rice's protein content. Tiller-Inhibitor can improved0.5(early rice)and1.5(early rice)grade points.Tiller-Inhibitor can escalate the entire starch RVA spectrum curve of the early and late rice. Tiller-Inhibitor can improve the RVA spectrum characteristic value peak value viscosity, the trough viscosity, breakdown, the final viscosity,setback as well as the pasting temperature, but the peak time to be invariable. Tiller-Inhibitor can enhance the N, P, K content, increased N, P, the K absorption of rice of the whole growing period.
2nd, Tiller-Inhibitor can suppress obviously the occurrence of the tiller7/0and8/0of the early rice and the tiller8/0and9/0of the late rice, as well as the secondary tillers group, but actually increased the ear-bearing rate of these tillers. Tiller-Inhibitor increases the tiller yield proportion but decreases the stem yield proportion. It increases the primary tiller group yield proportion but decreases the secondary tiller group yield proportion.
3rd, in a week time after the tiller-inhibitor sprayed, Tiller-Inhibitor can slow down the drop of the N content of leaf and the stem sheath.the iPA and Z+ZR content of the double-season rice straightly rise, the IAA content of the double-season rice straightly drops, tiller-inhibitor enhanced the extent of rising the iPA and the Z+ZR content and reduced the extent of droping the IAA content. After spraying the tiller-inhibitor,the GAs content of the leaf first arise then drop, the GAs content of leaf achieve the peak value1day after spraying the tiller-inhibitor. while the GAs content of the treatment of spraying the water drops straightly. After spraying the tiller-inhibitor, the ABA content of the leaf first drop then ascend, the ABA content of leaf achieve the bottom value1day after spraying the tiller-inhibitor.while the ABA content of the treatment of spraying the water ascend straightly.tiller-inhibitor enhance iPA, Z+ZR, ABA, IAA and the GAs content of the leaf in a week time after spraying the tiller-inhibitor.
4th,the tiller-inhibitor can reduce the occurrence of the invalid and the low efficiency tillers obviously, the proportion of the middle and high effective tillers (single stem have4and above leaves) was much higher than that no tiller-inhibitor sprayed at the maxium tillers stage.At the maturity,the length of the ear, the grains per ear, the grain density of an ear, second branches and the glume flowers on the branches and the grain filling-rate on the branches that the tiller-inhibitor is sprayed obviously higher than has not sprayed.After sprayed the tiller-inhibitor, the plant height, the population biomass and the leaf area index of the middle and late growing stages,the3above leave temperature at the baby-earing stage were increased, enhance the percentage of light-penetrate, the leaf SPAD value, strengthened the photosynthesis ability, Increased the earing period effective LAI and the effective leaf area rate, the highly effective LAI and the highly effective leaf area rate, increased the proption of grain of leaves, increased the biomass weight and LAI of the booting stage and later growing stages, increase CGR of the mid and later growing stage and so on, but also increase the length of the rice base stem,reduces the thickness of the stem and reduced the anti-lodging ability.
5th, Tiller-Inhibitor improved the grain filling accumulation,sped up the grain filling rate, increased the grain filling Richard equation parameter value A, R0, tmax. G, Wmax.G, Gmax, Gmean as well as T99, meanwhile increased in the grain endogenous hormone iPA, Z+ZR, IAA and the GAs content, reduced the ABA content. of the strong and weak grain of early and late rice.
The above findings indicated Tiller-Inhibitor has a effect on the yield, the grain quality and so on to the double season super rice.Its main function mechanism was the tiller-inhibitor suppress effectively the occurrence of the invalid and the low efficiency tiller, promoted the growth of the effective tiller, established the highly effective photosynthesis rice population, absorbed more nutrients, promote the grain filling,thus improve the gain yield and the grain quality.
引文
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