吸引压送罐车降噪研究
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摘要
本论文针对国内某冶金企业吸引压送罐车工作时噪声污染严重的问题进行了降噪研究。由于罐车工作时其主要部件——罗茨真空泵采用了逆流冷却装置,因此带来了巨大的噪声。为了解决该工程问题,本论文的技术路线是:辨识声源——采取措施——降噪评价。
论文首先分析了罐车及罗茨真空泵的工作原理,在理论上确定了罐车可能存在的主要噪声源。重点分析了罗茨真空泵的冷却过程,指出该过程会产生强烈的喷注噪声。在此基础上,通过声强测量得出罗茨真空泵是罐车主要噪声源:通过频谱分析确定了主要噪声源以中低频为主,并在80Hz、120Hz和200Hz处出现较大的峰值。
论文针对罐车的主要噪声设计了抗性消声器,并运用声学分析软件SYSNOISE对消声器内部声场进行有限元仿真,计算了其传递损失以预测消声器的声学性能。
最后,论文对比了罐车在原装、设计后未减振、设计后减振三种不同消声器下的现场噪声,对降噪效果进行了评价。结果表明,设计后减振的消声器降噪效果比较明显,使工人操作工位处噪声达到国家标准;另一方面也表明,减振对罐车的降噪有至关重要的作用。
In this dissertation,research has been done on lowering noise of the suction-pressurization tank car, which is used in smelting plants and makes serious noise pollution. The Roots vacuum pump,which is the main working parts of the tank car,brings high noise because of the countercurrent used for cooling. To solve this actual engineeringproblem,the technology way is,noise sources identification------lowering noise------effectevaluation.
At first,the mechanism of the tank car and the Roots vacuum pump was studied in order to get a general understanding of the main noise sources.The cooling process of the pump was elaborated on emphases and it turned out that intense jet noise would happen.Sound intensity that measured around the tank car indicated that the noise from Roots vacuum pump was the main noise source. Frequency analysis showed that the noise was consist of aero noise at the medium and low frequency,with 80Hz,120Hz and 200Hz as its main frequency.
A resistance muffler was designed in order to lowering the main noise that has been identified before. To predict the acoustics performance of the muffler,numerical simulation was taken by acoustic software SYSNOISE,in which the interior sound field of the muffler was simulated by finite element method and the transmission loss was calculated.
Effect evaluation was done by contrast between the noise data that tested with three different mufflers(which were, the original muffler, the muffler without reducing vibration,the vibration reduced muffler)assembled on the tank car.The result turned out that the solutions were very effective.It also indicated that reducing vibration of the muffler is very important when lowering noise.
论文首先分析了罐车及罗茨真空泵的工作原理,在理论上确定了罐车可能存在的主要噪声源。重点分析了罗茨真空泵的冷却过程,指出该过程会产生强烈的喷注噪声。在此基础上,通过声强测量得出罗茨真空泵是罐车主要噪声源:通过频谱分析确定了主要噪声源以中低频为主,并在80Hz、120Hz和200Hz处出现较大的峰值。
论文针对罐车的主要噪声设计了抗性消声器,并运用声学分析软件SYSNOISE对消声器内部声场进行有限元仿真,计算了其传递损失以预测消声器的声学性能。
最后,论文对比了罐车在原装、设计后未减振、设计后减振三种不同消声器下的现场噪声,对降噪效果进行了评价。结果表明,设计后减振的消声器降噪效果比较明显,使工人操作工位处噪声达到国家标准;另一方面也表明,减振对罐车的降噪有至关重要的作用。
In this dissertation,research has been done on lowering noise of the suction-pressurization tank car, which is used in smelting plants and makes serious noise pollution. The Roots vacuum pump,which is the main working parts of the tank car,brings high noise because of the countercurrent used for cooling. To solve this actual engineeringproblem,the technology way is,noise sources identification------lowering noise------effectevaluation.
At first,the mechanism of the tank car and the Roots vacuum pump was studied in order to get a general understanding of the main noise sources.The cooling process of the pump was elaborated on emphases and it turned out that intense jet noise would happen.Sound intensity that measured around the tank car indicated that the noise from Roots vacuum pump was the main noise source. Frequency analysis showed that the noise was consist of aero noise at the medium and low frequency,with 80Hz,120Hz and 200Hz as its main frequency.
A resistance muffler was designed in order to lowering the main noise that has been identified before. To predict the acoustics performance of the muffler,numerical simulation was taken by acoustic software SYSNOISE,in which the interior sound field of the muffler was simulated by finite element method and the transmission loss was calculated.
Effect evaluation was done by contrast between the noise data that tested with three different mufflers(which were, the original muffler, the muffler without reducing vibration,the vibration reduced muffler)assembled on the tank car.The result turned out that the solutions were very effective.It also indicated that reducing vibration of the muffler is very important when lowering noise.
引文
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[3]张沛商,姜亢.噪声控制工程[M].第一版.北京:北京经济学院出版社,1991,7.
[4]龙启强,蔡东锋,林达兴,冯日生.罗茨真空泵噪声机理探讨[J].真空,2004,41(4):141-142.
[5]蔡业彬,陈再良.罗茨风机噪声产生的机理及降噪措施[J].化工装备技术,2000,21(3):40-44.
[6]陈晓东,陈心昭,陆益民,刘正士.罗茨真空泵振动噪声机理的研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,25(6):1101-1106.
[7]蔡红梅,张光利.罗茨鼓风机噪声的测量与分析[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2006,24(1):84-86.
[8]刘林林,初嘉鹏,胡建中.罗茨真空泵转子型线的研究[J].机械设计,2007,24(3):64-67.
[9]程勒.降低罗茨风机噪声的消声器研制[J].石油化工设备,2001,30(1):15-17.
[10]程勒.降低通风机噪声的试验研究[J].应用声学,1993(2):27-29.
[11]马景刚.罗茨风机噪声产生的机理及降噪措施的探讨[J].通用机械,2003(10):25-27.
[12]程章松.罗茨鼓风机的噪声特性及其控制[J].中国科技信息,2005(3):94-95.
[13]王景良.真空泵、空压机噪声综合治理工程的优化设计[J].陕西环境,1996(4):14-17.
[14]肖建民,郑凡颖,刁羽,牛瑛琳.真空泵站的噪声控制[J].噪声与振动控制,2000(5):37-39.
[15]吴建华,束鹏程.采用逆流冷却降低罗茨鼓风机(真空泵)的排气温度及噪声[J].流体机械,1995,23(12):32-35.
[16]张宝夫.我国罗茨真空泵的现状及发展趋势[J].真空,2002.
[17]Ploner.B,Herz.F.New dedign measures to reduce siren tones caused by centrifugal fans in rotating machines[J].Brown Boveri Rev,1969,56(6):280-287.
[18]Neise.W,Koopmann.G.H.Reduction of centrifugal ran noise by use of resonators[J].Jounrnal of Sound and Vibration,1980,73(2):297-308.
[19]Van Overbeek,M.W.R.M.Anti noise applied to a vacuum pump in a chemical plant:Proceedings of National Conference on Noise Control Engineering,Progress in Noise Control for Industry,1994[C].
[20]Stewart.N.D,Bailer.J.R,Daqqwehart.J.A.Study of parameters influencing punch press noise[J].Noise Control Engineering,1975,5(2):80-86.
[21]Dmytrow,Dennis A.Vacuum pump noise control[J].Yappi Journal,1985,68(7):108-109.
[22]Avinash R.Patil,P.R.Sajaopawar.Acoustic Three Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of a Muffler[J].SAE960189.
[23]C.I.Young,M.J.Crocker.Prediction of transmission loss in mufflers by the finite element method[J].Acous.Soc.Amer,1975,57:144-148.
[24]A.Craggs.A finite method for damped acoustic system[J].Sound Vib,1976,48:377.
[25]Reithauq.H,Phillips.V.Vacuum pump noise abatement[J].CPPA,1984:51-52.
[26]Mason.Joanna,Homer.Martin,Eddie.Wilson.R.Mathematical models of gear rattle in roots blower vacuum pumps[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2007:421-440.
[27]Bi Chuan-Xing.Experimental study on the distributed source boundry point method based nearfield acoustic holography[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2006,19(1):9-16.
[28]Koopmann.G H,Chen.W,Neise.W.Active noise control to reduce the noise of the centrifugal fans[J].ASME,1985:31-36.
[29]马大猷.现代声学理论基础[M].第一版.北京:科学出版社,2004,3.
[30]何祚镛,赵玉芳.声学理论基础[M].第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1981,8.
[31]William W.Seto.Theory and Problems of Acoustics[M].USA:McGraw-Hill Book Company,1971.
[32]P.M.Morse,K.U.Ingard.Theoretical Acoustics[M].USA:McGraw-Hill Book Company,1968.
[33]马大猷,沈濠.声学手册[M].第二版.北京:科学出版社,2004,7.
[34]LMS INTERNATIONAL.Numerical Acoustic.LMS SYSNOISE Rev5.5 Online Help.
[35]黎志勤,黎苏.汽车排气系统噪声与消声器设计[M].第一版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1991,12.
[36]李增刚.Sysnoise Rev5.6 详解[M].第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
[37]王冒成.有限单元法[M].第一版.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[38]李泽,刘俊杰.罗茨真空泵及其使用[M].第一版.四川:四川科学技术出版社,1985,6
[39]苏春模.罗茨鼓风机及其使用[M].第一版.长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1999,11.
[40]智乃刚,萧滨诗.风机噪声控制技术[M].第一版.北京:机械工业出版社,1985,9.
[41]钟芳源.叶片机械风机和压气机气动声学译文集[M].第一版.北京:机械工业出版社,1987,11.
[42]马大猷.噪声与振动控制工程手册[M].第一版.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[43]马大猷.噪声控制学[M].第一版.北京:科学出版社,1987.
[44]马大猷.湍流喷注噪声定律的发展[J].声学学报,1987,12(5):321-328.
[45]马大猷,李沛滋.小孔喷注噪声和小孔消声器[J].中国科学,1977(5):445-455,
[46]马大猷,李沛滋.湍流喷注噪声的压力关系[J].物理学报,1978,27(1):121-125.
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