越南广宁矿区软岩煤巷锚杆锚索联合支护技术研究
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摘要
煤炭是越南的基础能源,是关系国计民生的支柱产业。煤炭工业安全健康的发展对国民经济的发展有重要作用。越南煤炭产量逐年增加,随着煤炭市场需求量的不断增加和露天开采能力的逐步下降,越南必须提高井工煤矿的产量,需要在井下开掘大量巷道。巷道掘进量越来越大,采煤深度越来越深,巷道受矿压影响更大,巷道支护的问题非常重要。保持巷道畅通与围岩稳定对煤矿安全生产具有重要意义。煤矿巷道支护经历了木支护、砌碹支护、刚性支护到锚杆支护的漫长过程。国内外实践表明,锚杆支护是井巷开采比较经济和有效的支护形式。与棚式支架相比,锚杆支护可显著提高巷道支护效果,降低支护成本,减轻工人劳动强度,显著降低巷道维修工作量,为采煤工作面的快速推进、产量与效益的提高创造良好条件。
到目前为止越南煤矿锚杆支护主要应用在岩巷中,但是在煤巷中还未采用锚杆锚索联合支护,煤巷支护还是以棚式支护为主。传统的支护方式(型钢支架等)不能保证工程速度和工程在地质构造复杂地区的稳定性。越南广宁矿区软岩煤炭赋存条件复杂,岩层松软、破碎,围岩强度较低；多数矿区使用U形灵活支架,每年煤巷都需要维修一次以上,增加了巷道的支护难度。
越南矿区软岩煤巷支护技术的应用研究则显得尤为迫切,为保证煤矿安全生产的顺利进行,必须对巷道的支护方式进行改革,探索出合理有效的巷道支护方式,确定经济合理的支护参数,使用高效的支护施工工艺,建立完整的支护质量管理体系。本论文针对越南广宁矿区软岩煤巷锚杆锚索联合支护技术研究,选择特殊的矿区进行支护研究,以KheCham煤矿12号煤层巷道作为研究巷道,开展了软岩煤巷锚杆锚索联合支护技术的系统研究。
在对地下工程支护理论和煤矿巷道锚杆锚索支护技术现状分析的基础上,根据软岩煤巷变形现状及特殊地段的支护状况,分析其变形破坏因素,依据矿山压力理论,对回采巷道特殊地段进行力学分析,建立力学结构模型,进行理论研究；运用锚杆锚索支护理论,设计软岩煤巷锚杆锚索支护方案。以巷道地质条件为依据,通过理论分析,设计多种模拟方案进行数值模拟,确定支护参数,并最终确定合理的支护方案。
Coal is the fundamental source of energy and is essential industry in the national economy and the people's occupation in Vietnam. The needs for more resources, the majority of open-cast mining have been converted into underground mining when mining depth is deep enough. Increasing the amount of roadway excavation, mining deeper and deeper depth roadway affected by mining pressure greater roadway support is very important. Keep unimpeded of roadway surrounding the rock stability of coal mine safety in production is of great significance. Coal mine roadway has the long process from the wooden, arching and bolting support. The practice at home and abroad proves that bolting support is quite economical and effective support way. Worldwide researches show that the bolt support (support system) is in mining more economic and effective support form. Compared with covered stent, the bolt support can significantly improve the effectiveness of roadway support, reduce the support costs and reduce labor intensity. More important is to bolt support can greatly simplify the advanced coal mining working face support and supporting techniques, roadway maintenance workload, significantly reduce the rapid advance of the coal mining face, increase output and benefits to create a good condition.
So far, bolting in coal mine in Vietnam is mainly used in rock, but in coal which has not been using anchor rod anchor combined support, coal roadway supporting is mostly about awning type support. The traditional supporting structures such as concrete supports, reinforced frame supports, timber sets, etc., have not ensured the high rate of construction, necessary safety for the constructions under the complicated geo-mechanical conditions. The passive supporting structures have not increased the bearing capacity of the surrounding rocks; therefore, the compression pressure on the arch lining is great. In the case that support works are not carried out in time, packing and backfilling operations are not enough, therefore, the stability of the rock layers will be decreased and at the certain time, they will be destroyed. This thesis investigates the technology of bolt and cable combined support in the soft rock coal roadway in Quang Ninh mine, Vietnam. Accordingly, roadway in the special mining, coal seam of the12th of KheCham coal mine, is carried out under conditions of soft rockcoal Road anchor combined support technology system. Based on the analysis of underground supportive theory and state of coal mine bolt support technology, the status of stoping roadway deformation and supporting of the special area, that analyzing deformation damage factors and the mine pressure theory, which using mechanics analysis, mechanical structure model for theoretical research is established. Basis of analysis of the recent phenomenon of underground program support theory and coal mine roadway bolting support technology, deformation and failure factors have been analyzed according to deformation of soft rock roadway status and typical geology condition support and also a mechanical analysis to back digging roadway according to mine pressure theory is done, subsequently mechanical structure models and conduct theory research is built. Accordingly, Four kinds of simulation schemes, through numerical simulation to determination of support parameters, setting underground mine pressure observatories and finally determining the reasonable support program is designed.
到目前为止越南煤矿锚杆支护主要应用在岩巷中,但是在煤巷中还未采用锚杆锚索联合支护,煤巷支护还是以棚式支护为主。传统的支护方式(型钢支架等)不能保证工程速度和工程在地质构造复杂地区的稳定性。越南广宁矿区软岩煤炭赋存条件复杂,岩层松软、破碎,围岩强度较低；多数矿区使用U形灵活支架,每年煤巷都需要维修一次以上,增加了巷道的支护难度。
越南矿区软岩煤巷支护技术的应用研究则显得尤为迫切,为保证煤矿安全生产的顺利进行,必须对巷道的支护方式进行改革,探索出合理有效的巷道支护方式,确定经济合理的支护参数,使用高效的支护施工工艺,建立完整的支护质量管理体系。本论文针对越南广宁矿区软岩煤巷锚杆锚索联合支护技术研究,选择特殊的矿区进行支护研究,以KheCham煤矿12号煤层巷道作为研究巷道,开展了软岩煤巷锚杆锚索联合支护技术的系统研究。
在对地下工程支护理论和煤矿巷道锚杆锚索支护技术现状分析的基础上,根据软岩煤巷变形现状及特殊地段的支护状况,分析其变形破坏因素,依据矿山压力理论,对回采巷道特殊地段进行力学分析,建立力学结构模型,进行理论研究；运用锚杆锚索支护理论,设计软岩煤巷锚杆锚索支护方案。以巷道地质条件为依据,通过理论分析,设计多种模拟方案进行数值模拟,确定支护参数,并最终确定合理的支护方案。
Coal is the fundamental source of energy and is essential industry in the national economy and the people's occupation in Vietnam. The needs for more resources, the majority of open-cast mining have been converted into underground mining when mining depth is deep enough. Increasing the amount of roadway excavation, mining deeper and deeper depth roadway affected by mining pressure greater roadway support is very important. Keep unimpeded of roadway surrounding the rock stability of coal mine safety in production is of great significance. Coal mine roadway has the long process from the wooden, arching and bolting support. The practice at home and abroad proves that bolting support is quite economical and effective support way. Worldwide researches show that the bolt support (support system) is in mining more economic and effective support form. Compared with covered stent, the bolt support can significantly improve the effectiveness of roadway support, reduce the support costs and reduce labor intensity. More important is to bolt support can greatly simplify the advanced coal mining working face support and supporting techniques, roadway maintenance workload, significantly reduce the rapid advance of the coal mining face, increase output and benefits to create a good condition.
So far, bolting in coal mine in Vietnam is mainly used in rock, but in coal which has not been using anchor rod anchor combined support, coal roadway supporting is mostly about awning type support. The traditional supporting structures such as concrete supports, reinforced frame supports, timber sets, etc., have not ensured the high rate of construction, necessary safety for the constructions under the complicated geo-mechanical conditions. The passive supporting structures have not increased the bearing capacity of the surrounding rocks; therefore, the compression pressure on the arch lining is great. In the case that support works are not carried out in time, packing and backfilling operations are not enough, therefore, the stability of the rock layers will be decreased and at the certain time, they will be destroyed. This thesis investigates the technology of bolt and cable combined support in the soft rock coal roadway in Quang Ninh mine, Vietnam. Accordingly, roadway in the special mining, coal seam of the12th of KheCham coal mine, is carried out under conditions of soft rockcoal Road anchor combined support technology system. Based on the analysis of underground supportive theory and state of coal mine bolt support technology, the status of stoping roadway deformation and supporting of the special area, that analyzing deformation damage factors and the mine pressure theory, which using mechanics analysis, mechanical structure model for theoretical research is established. Basis of analysis of the recent phenomenon of underground program support theory and coal mine roadway bolting support technology, deformation and failure factors have been analyzed according to deformation of soft rock roadway status and typical geology condition support and also a mechanical analysis to back digging roadway according to mine pressure theory is done, subsequently mechanical structure models and conduct theory research is built. Accordingly, Four kinds of simulation schemes, through numerical simulation to determination of support parameters, setting underground mine pressure observatories and finally determining the reasonable support program is designed.
引文
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