中国高速动车VIP座椅人机尺度分析与造型设计研究
摘要
近年来随着中国现代化建设的全面铺开,城际和城市之间的快速铁路运输网络已基本形成。到2012年中国将形成以北京为中心辐射全国的8小时高速铁路交通圈,它的建成将极大促进中国的经济发展。
高速列车作为一种运载工具,座椅成为其必不可少的服务设施,它的几何形态、功能与设备将直接影响旅客对综合舒适度的评价。
本文首先通过对北京——青岛的动车线路进行了实际调研,对目前现有座椅(一等、二等)乘坐现状和所存在的问题做了详细分析,并对旅客在几小时内的乘坐行为、坐姿方式进行了分类统计。通过与旅客的访谈进一步了解他们对座椅的实际需求和潜在需求,最后对调研内容进行总结,总结出问题点并提出设计建议。目前,国内还没有针对VIP座椅展开过类似的设计与研究,因此本文以人机尺度和造型设计作为研究的出发点,分别对座椅造型、尺寸、体压分布、人体与坐面接触点及坐姿下脊柱形态变化等进行详细分析,同时通过虚拟仿真软件对VIP座椅进行基本验证。最后挑选一个可行性最高的设计方案制作成1：1样机,并在成都天龙交通设备有限公司的协助下对VIP座椅的翻折机构及下部展开结构进行设计,到目前为止已基本解决VIP座椅所有结构,外壳的制作和设备的安装正在紧张、有序的进行。因此,本课题的研究有较强的针对性和可实现性。
Recent years, with China's modernization drive in full swing, Between urban and inter-city rapid rail transport network has been basically formed. By 2012 China will be formed to Beijing as the center of the radiation 8-hour high-speed railway traffic circle, and its completion will greatly promote China's economic development.
High-speed train as a means of delivery, The seat is essential important component in high-speed train interior, Its geometry shape, function and equipment immediate influence passenger to synthesis comfort level appraisal.
This article first on Beijing-Qingdao Train lines were actual research, On the currently available seats (first, second) take the problems of status and a detailed analysis, And passenger Traveling behavior within a few hours, sitting the way the statistics. Through interviews with passengers, better understanding of the actual needs of their seats and potential demand, Finally, summarize the research content, summarize problems and make design recommendations point. Currently, there are no VIP seating for the design and research has been carried out, Therefore this article takes the research by the human scale and the modelling design for starting point, the seat modelling, the size, body pressure distribution, Human point of contact with the seat surface and The spinal column shape change and so on conducts the multianalysis research, While the seat through a virtual simulation software for basic authentication. Finally, chooses a preferred plan in the design proposal to carry on the project and manufactures 1:1 prototype, And assistance of folding on the VIP seats and the body structure by ChengDu TianLong Transport Equipment CO.,LTD, So far VIP seats has been basically solved all structures, Shell's production and equipment installation is tight, orderly. Therefore this topic's research has strong pointed and the realizability.
高速列车作为一种运载工具,座椅成为其必不可少的服务设施,它的几何形态、功能与设备将直接影响旅客对综合舒适度的评价。
本文首先通过对北京——青岛的动车线路进行了实际调研,对目前现有座椅(一等、二等)乘坐现状和所存在的问题做了详细分析,并对旅客在几小时内的乘坐行为、坐姿方式进行了分类统计。通过与旅客的访谈进一步了解他们对座椅的实际需求和潜在需求,最后对调研内容进行总结,总结出问题点并提出设计建议。目前,国内还没有针对VIP座椅展开过类似的设计与研究,因此本文以人机尺度和造型设计作为研究的出发点,分别对座椅造型、尺寸、体压分布、人体与坐面接触点及坐姿下脊柱形态变化等进行详细分析,同时通过虚拟仿真软件对VIP座椅进行基本验证。最后挑选一个可行性最高的设计方案制作成1：1样机,并在成都天龙交通设备有限公司的协助下对VIP座椅的翻折机构及下部展开结构进行设计,到目前为止已基本解决VIP座椅所有结构,外壳的制作和设备的安装正在紧张、有序的进行。因此,本课题的研究有较强的针对性和可实现性。
Recent years, with China's modernization drive in full swing, Between urban and inter-city rapid rail transport network has been basically formed. By 2012 China will be formed to Beijing as the center of the radiation 8-hour high-speed railway traffic circle, and its completion will greatly promote China's economic development.
High-speed train as a means of delivery, The seat is essential important component in high-speed train interior, Its geometry shape, function and equipment immediate influence passenger to synthesis comfort level appraisal.
This article first on Beijing-Qingdao Train lines were actual research, On the currently available seats (first, second) take the problems of status and a detailed analysis, And passenger Traveling behavior within a few hours, sitting the way the statistics. Through interviews with passengers, better understanding of the actual needs of their seats and potential demand, Finally, summarize the research content, summarize problems and make design recommendations point. Currently, there are no VIP seating for the design and research has been carried out, Therefore this article takes the research by the human scale and the modelling design for starting point, the seat modelling, the size, body pressure distribution, Human point of contact with the seat surface and The spinal column shape change and so on conducts the multianalysis research, While the seat through a virtual simulation software for basic authentication. Finally, chooses a preferred plan in the design proposal to carry on the project and manufactures 1:1 prototype, And assistance of folding on the VIP seats and the body structure by ChengDu TianLong Transport Equipment CO.,LTD, So far VIP seats has been basically solved all structures, Shell's production and equipment installation is tight, orderly. Therefore this topic's research has strong pointed and the realizability.
引文
[1]日本建筑学会.建筑设计资料集成[M].人体空间篇.天津大学出版社.2003
[2](美)阿尔文·R·蒂利.亨利·德赖弗斯事务所.设计中的男女尺度[M],天津大学出版社.2008
[3](美)Julius Panero and Martin Zelnik.人体尺度与室内空间巨M].天津科学技术出版社.2010
[4]周一鸣,毛恩荣.车辆人机工程学[M].北京理工大学出版社.1999
[5]赵江洪主编.人机工程学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2006
[6]周一鸣,毛恩荣.车辆人机工程学[M].北京理工大学出版社.1999
[7]阮宝湘.工业设计人机工程(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2010.1
[8]丁玉兰编著.人机工程学(第三版)[M〕.北京理工大学出版社.2007
[9]阮宝湘.工业设计人机工程(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2010.1
[10]阮宝湘.工业设计人机工程(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2010.1
[11](美)阿尔文·R·蒂利.亨利·德赖弗斯事务所.设计中的男女尺度[M],天津大学出版社.2008
[12]叶彪.客车乘客座椅的乘坐舒适性[J].客车技术与研究.第25卷第4期
[13]阮宝湘.工业设计人机工程(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2010.1
[1]国家技术监督局.GB10000—88, GB/T12985—91, GB/T14776—93, GB/T14779 —93, GB/T13547—92.北京中国标准出版社
[2]王受之.世界现代设计史[M].深圳：新世纪出版社.1995
[3]何人可,黄亚男.产品百年[M].湖南美术出版社.2005
[4]邱松编著.造型设计基础[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2005
[5]黄积荣,万国朝编译.工业美学及造型设计[M].北京：新世纪出版社.1986
[6]黄靖远.优势设计[M].北京机械工业出版社.1999
[7]范圣玺.坐+座椅子与艺术设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2009
[8](美)金佰利·伊拉姆著-李乐山译.设计几何学[M].北京：中国水利出版社.2003
[9]刘观庆.工业设计资料集[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社
[10](美)唐纳德·A·诺曼.设计心理学[M].北京中信出版社.2004
[11]丁玉兰编著.人机工程学(第三版)[M].北京理工大学出版社.2007
[12]赵江洪主编.人机工程学[M].北京：高等教育出版社.2006
[13]刘宏增等.虚拟设计[M].北京机械工业出版社.1999
[14]周一鸣,毛恩荣.车辆人机工程学[M].北京理工大学出版社.1999
[15]张志军主编.汽车内饰设计概论[M].北京：人民交通出版社.2008
[16]李光耀等.汽车内饰件-设计与制造工艺[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2009.8
[17]阮宝湘.工业设计人机工程(第二版)[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2010.1
[18](美)阿尔文·R·蒂利.亨利·德赖弗斯事务所.设计中的男女尺度[M],天津大学出版社.2008
[19][荷]F·克拉曼,P·维安乌爱利,P·乌依雷斯.人类工学知识[M].北京：轻工业出版社,1986
[20]肖艳荣.座椅舒适度与人体工程学[M].北京：铁道车辆出版社.1997
[21]王熙元,吴静芳.实用设计人机工程学[M].上海：中国纺织大学出版社.2001
[22]颜声远,许或青.人机工程与产品设计[M].哈尔滨工程大学出版社.2003
[23]王继成.产品设计中的人机工程学[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2004
[24]朱祖祥.工业心理学[M].浙江教育出版社.2001
[25]程景云,倪亦泉等.人机界面设计与开发工具[M].北京电子工业出版社.1994
[26](美)Julius Panero and Martin Zelnik.人体尺度与室内空间[M].天津科学技术出版社.2001
[27]日本建筑学会.建筑设计资料集成[M]-人体空间篇.天津大学出版社.2003
[28]钱立新.世界高速铁路技术[M].北京：中国铁道出版社.2003
[29]梁峰.国外的交通[M].北京：中国社会文献出版社.2006
[30][丹麦]扬·盖尔.何人可译.交往与空间[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[31]周敏.座椅温觉特性与坐姿体压分布的实验研究[D].博士论文.南京林业大学.2007
[32]吴旭亭.人体体压分布的测试与评价[D].博士论文.清华大学.1992
[33]叶彪.客车乘客座椅的乘坐舒适性[J].客车技术与研究.第25卷第4期
[34]支锦亦,徐伯初.铁路客车内部设计的发展趋势[J].中国铁路.2006
[35]支锦亦.谈人性化的铁路客车内环境的营造[J].西南交通大学学报.2007
[36]许鑫等.大型客机客舱座椅布局设计中的舒适问题[J].科学技术与工程.2009
[37]陈祥.我国硬座车厢座椅设计[J].攀枝花学院学报.2006
[38]Ina Rastetter, Ergonomic Designs of Mercedes-Benz Trucks at Daimler Chrysler[J],SAE TECI}IICAL PAPER SERIES 1999-01
[39]Aleksander Kostov and Mark Polak. Parallel Man-Machine Training in Development of EEG-Based Cursor Control. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON REHABILITATION ENGINEERING[J], VOL.8, NO.2, JUNE 2000
[40]Hsin-hsi Lai. An Intelligent Man-Machine (IMM) Model for Evaluating New Designs of Child Car Seats. IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security[J], VOL.6 No.3A, March 2006
[41]Slava Gerovitch. "New Soviet Man" Inside Machine:Human Engineering, Spacecraft Design, and the Construction of Communism
[42]Ender ASYALI. Dokuz Eylul University School of Maritime Business and Management Kaynaklar Campus, Buca Dokuzcesmeler,35160, Izmir, Turkey Impact of Man-Machine Interface on Maritime Casualties.4th IAMU General Assembly[J]
[43]Assistant Professor Ph.D. KIM, Youngwoo. Research Title Innovative Welfare Engineering and Human Centered Design for Man-Machine Collaboration. Division of Fusion, EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya university[J]
[44]Branton, P.,1969. Behavior, body mechanics and discomfort. Ergonomics 12,316-327
[45]Zhang, L., Helander, M. G., Drury, C. G.. Identifying factors of comfort and discomfort in sitting. Hum. Factors,1996,38 (3),377-389.
[46]Kroemer K H E, Kroemer H B, Kroemer—Elbert K E. Ergonomics—How to Design for Ease and Eddiciency [M]. New Jersey:Prentice Hall,2000.99-135
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[48]Yoshio Yamada, Masao Owaki, Tomiko Mori, et al. Advanced seat fabrics with high performance deodorant function. JSAE Review,2000,21:543-547.
[49]ALSTOM_Jane's_WORLD RAILWAYS2004-2005_iwr.janes.com_08.6
[50]中国铁路网：http://www.railcn.net/
[51]欧洲铁路网：http://www.railfaneurope.net/
[52]中国北车集团网：http://www.cnrgc.com/
[53]南京浦镇车辆厂：http://www.njpzclc.com/
[54]中国北车集团唐山机车车辆厂：http://www.tangche.com.cn/
[55]海子铁路网：http://www.Hasea.com
[2](美)阿尔文·R·蒂利.亨利·德赖弗斯事务所.设计中的男女尺度[M],天津大学出版社.2008
[3](美)Julius Panero and Martin Zelnik.人体尺度与室内空间巨M].天津科学技术出版社.2010
[4]周一鸣,毛恩荣.车辆人机工程学[M].北京理工大学出版社.1999
[5]赵江洪主编.人机工程学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2006
[6]周一鸣,毛恩荣.车辆人机工程学[M].北京理工大学出版社.1999
[7]阮宝湘.工业设计人机工程(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2010.1
[8]丁玉兰编著.人机工程学(第三版)[M〕.北京理工大学出版社.2007
[9]阮宝湘.工业设计人机工程(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2010.1
[10]阮宝湘.工业设计人机工程(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2010.1
[11](美)阿尔文·R·蒂利.亨利·德赖弗斯事务所.设计中的男女尺度[M],天津大学出版社.2008
[12]叶彪.客车乘客座椅的乘坐舒适性[J].客车技术与研究.第25卷第4期
[13]阮宝湘.工业设计人机工程(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2010.1
[1]国家技术监督局.GB10000—88, GB/T12985—91, GB/T14776—93, GB/T14779 —93, GB/T13547—92.北京中国标准出版社
[2]王受之.世界现代设计史[M].深圳：新世纪出版社.1995
[3]何人可,黄亚男.产品百年[M].湖南美术出版社.2005
[4]邱松编著.造型设计基础[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2005
[5]黄积荣,万国朝编译.工业美学及造型设计[M].北京：新世纪出版社.1986
[6]黄靖远.优势设计[M].北京机械工业出版社.1999
[7]范圣玺.坐+座椅子与艺术设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2009
[8](美)金佰利·伊拉姆著-李乐山译.设计几何学[M].北京：中国水利出版社.2003
[9]刘观庆.工业设计资料集[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社
[10](美)唐纳德·A·诺曼.设计心理学[M].北京中信出版社.2004
[11]丁玉兰编著.人机工程学(第三版)[M].北京理工大学出版社.2007
[12]赵江洪主编.人机工程学[M].北京：高等教育出版社.2006
[13]刘宏增等.虚拟设计[M].北京机械工业出版社.1999
[14]周一鸣,毛恩荣.车辆人机工程学[M].北京理工大学出版社.1999
[15]张志军主编.汽车内饰设计概论[M].北京：人民交通出版社.2008
[16]李光耀等.汽车内饰件-设计与制造工艺[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2009.8
[17]阮宝湘.工业设计人机工程(第二版)[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2010.1
[18](美)阿尔文·R·蒂利.亨利·德赖弗斯事务所.设计中的男女尺度[M],天津大学出版社.2008
[19][荷]F·克拉曼,P·维安乌爱利,P·乌依雷斯.人类工学知识[M].北京：轻工业出版社,1986
[20]肖艳荣.座椅舒适度与人体工程学[M].北京：铁道车辆出版社.1997
[21]王熙元,吴静芳.实用设计人机工程学[M].上海：中国纺织大学出版社.2001
[22]颜声远,许或青.人机工程与产品设计[M].哈尔滨工程大学出版社.2003
[23]王继成.产品设计中的人机工程学[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2004
[24]朱祖祥.工业心理学[M].浙江教育出版社.2001
[25]程景云,倪亦泉等.人机界面设计与开发工具[M].北京电子工业出版社.1994
[26](美)Julius Panero and Martin Zelnik.人体尺度与室内空间[M].天津科学技术出版社.2001
[27]日本建筑学会.建筑设计资料集成[M]-人体空间篇.天津大学出版社.2003
[28]钱立新.世界高速铁路技术[M].北京：中国铁道出版社.2003
[29]梁峰.国外的交通[M].北京：中国社会文献出版社.2006
[30][丹麦]扬·盖尔.何人可译.交往与空间[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[31]周敏.座椅温觉特性与坐姿体压分布的实验研究[D].博士论文.南京林业大学.2007
[32]吴旭亭.人体体压分布的测试与评价[D].博士论文.清华大学.1992
[33]叶彪.客车乘客座椅的乘坐舒适性[J].客车技术与研究.第25卷第4期
[34]支锦亦,徐伯初.铁路客车内部设计的发展趋势[J].中国铁路.2006
[35]支锦亦.谈人性化的铁路客车内环境的营造[J].西南交通大学学报.2007
[36]许鑫等.大型客机客舱座椅布局设计中的舒适问题[J].科学技术与工程.2009
[37]陈祥.我国硬座车厢座椅设计[J].攀枝花学院学报.2006
[38]Ina Rastetter, Ergonomic Designs of Mercedes-Benz Trucks at Daimler Chrysler[J],SAE TECI}IICAL PAPER SERIES 1999-01
[39]Aleksander Kostov and Mark Polak. Parallel Man-Machine Training in Development of EEG-Based Cursor Control. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON REHABILITATION ENGINEERING[J], VOL.8, NO.2, JUNE 2000
[40]Hsin-hsi Lai. An Intelligent Man-Machine (IMM) Model for Evaluating New Designs of Child Car Seats. IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security[J], VOL.6 No.3A, March 2006
[41]Slava Gerovitch. "New Soviet Man" Inside Machine:Human Engineering, Spacecraft Design, and the Construction of Communism
[42]Ender ASYALI. Dokuz Eylul University School of Maritime Business and Management Kaynaklar Campus, Buca Dokuzcesmeler,35160, Izmir, Turkey Impact of Man-Machine Interface on Maritime Casualties.4th IAMU General Assembly[J]
[43]Assistant Professor Ph.D. KIM, Youngwoo. Research Title Innovative Welfare Engineering and Human Centered Design for Man-Machine Collaboration. Division of Fusion, EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya university[J]
[44]Branton, P.,1969. Behavior, body mechanics and discomfort. Ergonomics 12,316-327
[45]Zhang, L., Helander, M. G., Drury, C. G.. Identifying factors of comfort and discomfort in sitting. Hum. Factors,1996,38 (3),377-389.
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[49]ALSTOM_Jane's_WORLD RAILWAYS2004-2005_iwr.janes.com_08.6
[50]中国铁路网：http://www.railcn.net/
[51]欧洲铁路网：http://www.railfaneurope.net/
[52]中国北车集团网：http://www.cnrgc.com/
[53]南京浦镇车辆厂：http://www.njpzclc.com/
[54]中国北车集团唐山机车车辆厂：http://www.tangche.com.cn/
[55]海子铁路网：http://www.Hasea.com