餐厨废物回收利用管理研究
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摘要
餐厨废物作为城市生活垃圾的一部分,由于其含水率高、易腐烂变质、富含营养元素等特殊性,越来越受到人们的重视。本文从我国国情出发,运用工程规划管理的理论和系统分析的方法,对餐厨废物回收利用的若干问题进行了全面深入的研究,以期为合理解决餐厨废物的处理处置提供理论和方法。
1、餐厨废物的本源是食物,从食物的产生、流通、加工、消费等各个环节分析餐厨废物的产生,总结影响城市餐厨废物产生量的因素,将影响因素分为个体因素和社会因素,在此基础上对天津市的餐厨废物的产生量进行了多元线性回归预测,得出较满意的结果。
2、依据餐厨废物特性,提出只有将餐厨废物从城市生活垃圾的源头分离出来,单独回收才能从根本上解决生活垃圾污染严重以及餐厨废物回收利用的问题。在餐厨废物现有回收体系尚未建立的现实基础上,基于逆向物流的思想,提出餐厨废物逆向物流回收体系的基本框架。
3、餐厨废物作为一类特殊的城市生活垃圾应将其逐步纳入可回收废物的管理范畴。依据我国国情,指出现有计量收费制在我国难以有效实施,并结合上述建立的餐厨废物回收体系,提出了制定餐厨废物分级回收质量标准,对不同质量的餐厨废物采用不同的回收价格策略,回收价格应该体现“优质优价,按质论价”的原则,按等级分类回收。
4、解决餐厨废物的根本出路是将其资源化利用。从资源化效益最大出发,提出“优先生产饲料、其余生产肥料”的资源化层级原则。分别对餐厨废物生产饲料和肥料的管理问题进行了研究,指出资源化利用项目的规模需充分考虑原料来源限制的特殊性,在满足垃圾处置服务需求和市场盈利双重因素下来确定合理的项目规模。并对厂址选择的原则及条件进行了总结,给出了选择厂址的方法。
5、针对我国当前资源再生利用的政策问题,指出餐厨废物回收利用经营政策的总体思路是“管理的法制化、产生者责任主体化、政府职能公开化、回收利用的市场化,并给出了扩大融资渠道、强化税收优惠政策、完善财政补贴制度的经营政策建议。
6、以天津大学餐厨废物为研究对象,以天津三英公司餐厨泔水生化处理技术为依托,对餐厨废物的回收利用进行实证研究。研究结果表明,该示范项目技术先进、经济合理,完全可以将该项技术措施大力推广,以解决餐厨废物回收利用的难题。
As part of municipal solid waste, food waste is receiving increasing attention because of its high moisture content , perishable character and nutrient-rich. Proceeding from the situation of our country, a further comprehensive study on a number of issues about the management of food waste recycling has been carried out with the management thory on project planning and systematic analysis method in order to present thory and methodology to solve the food waste disposal treatment resonable.
1、The origin of food waste is food. This article analyzes the production of food waste from each step such as production, circulation, processing and consumption of food, summary the influencing factors about the urban food waste production, which is divided into individual fators and social factors,on this basis, the multiple linear regressions are adopted to forecast the production of food waste in Tianjin, and the result is satisfied.
2、According to the specific property of food waste,this article presents that source seperation of food waste from municipal solid waste can fundamentally solve the serious pollution as well as food waste recycling issues . It is a realistic foundation that the recycling system has not yet been established, this article puts forward the basic framework of food waste recycling of reverse logistics system to use the thought of reverse logistics.
3、As a special kind of municipal solid waste, food waste should be gradually incorporated into the management of recyclable wastes.Based on the condition of China, this article points out that it is difficult to implement the measurement charge system.Combined with the above-mentioned establishment of food waste recycling system,this paper sets up a food waste recycling quality standards, namely the different quality of food waste is different price. The principle of recovery is higher prices for better quality, according to the price on quality in accordance with classified recovery .
4、The fundamental way to solve the food waste is utilization. From maximum benefit in resource recovery, this article gives the principle of resource, which is“if the food waste can be produced feed, just do it,and the residual is used to manufacture fertilizer”. Respectively, the problem of the management of feed and fertilizer production have been studied, and then points out that the project utilization scale requair to give full consideration to the special nature of restrictions to the source of raw materials.A reasonable scale to determine should meet the demand and market factors. The principle of site selection and conditions are summaried by giving the method of site selection.
5、Aiming at the policy problems of resource regeneration in China , the paper points out that food waste recycling business policy is to manage the general idea of the rule of law, the main producers of responsibility, opening governmental functions, recycling of the market, and gives expand the financing channels, and strengthen tax incentives, financial subsidies to improve the operation of the system of policy recommendations.
6、As an objective,the food waste in Tianjin university is studied, biochemical technology disposal of food waste in Tianjin SanYing company is supported, this article carries out empirical research on the food waste recycling. The result shows that the project is advanced in thechnology and reasonable in economic, so the technical measure is should be full extended, so as to resovle the difficult problem of food waste recycling.
1、餐厨废物的本源是食物,从食物的产生、流通、加工、消费等各个环节分析餐厨废物的产生,总结影响城市餐厨废物产生量的因素,将影响因素分为个体因素和社会因素,在此基础上对天津市的餐厨废物的产生量进行了多元线性回归预测,得出较满意的结果。
2、依据餐厨废物特性,提出只有将餐厨废物从城市生活垃圾的源头分离出来,单独回收才能从根本上解决生活垃圾污染严重以及餐厨废物回收利用的问题。在餐厨废物现有回收体系尚未建立的现实基础上,基于逆向物流的思想,提出餐厨废物逆向物流回收体系的基本框架。
3、餐厨废物作为一类特殊的城市生活垃圾应将其逐步纳入可回收废物的管理范畴。依据我国国情,指出现有计量收费制在我国难以有效实施,并结合上述建立的餐厨废物回收体系,提出了制定餐厨废物分级回收质量标准,对不同质量的餐厨废物采用不同的回收价格策略,回收价格应该体现“优质优价,按质论价”的原则,按等级分类回收。
4、解决餐厨废物的根本出路是将其资源化利用。从资源化效益最大出发,提出“优先生产饲料、其余生产肥料”的资源化层级原则。分别对餐厨废物生产饲料和肥料的管理问题进行了研究,指出资源化利用项目的规模需充分考虑原料来源限制的特殊性,在满足垃圾处置服务需求和市场盈利双重因素下来确定合理的项目规模。并对厂址选择的原则及条件进行了总结,给出了选择厂址的方法。
5、针对我国当前资源再生利用的政策问题,指出餐厨废物回收利用经营政策的总体思路是“管理的法制化、产生者责任主体化、政府职能公开化、回收利用的市场化,并给出了扩大融资渠道、强化税收优惠政策、完善财政补贴制度的经营政策建议。
6、以天津大学餐厨废物为研究对象,以天津三英公司餐厨泔水生化处理技术为依托,对餐厨废物的回收利用进行实证研究。研究结果表明,该示范项目技术先进、经济合理,完全可以将该项技术措施大力推广,以解决餐厨废物回收利用的难题。
As part of municipal solid waste, food waste is receiving increasing attention because of its high moisture content , perishable character and nutrient-rich. Proceeding from the situation of our country, a further comprehensive study on a number of issues about the management of food waste recycling has been carried out with the management thory on project planning and systematic analysis method in order to present thory and methodology to solve the food waste disposal treatment resonable.
1、The origin of food waste is food. This article analyzes the production of food waste from each step such as production, circulation, processing and consumption of food, summary the influencing factors about the urban food waste production, which is divided into individual fators and social factors,on this basis, the multiple linear regressions are adopted to forecast the production of food waste in Tianjin, and the result is satisfied.
2、According to the specific property of food waste,this article presents that source seperation of food waste from municipal solid waste can fundamentally solve the serious pollution as well as food waste recycling issues . It is a realistic foundation that the recycling system has not yet been established, this article puts forward the basic framework of food waste recycling of reverse logistics system to use the thought of reverse logistics.
3、As a special kind of municipal solid waste, food waste should be gradually incorporated into the management of recyclable wastes.Based on the condition of China, this article points out that it is difficult to implement the measurement charge system.Combined with the above-mentioned establishment of food waste recycling system,this paper sets up a food waste recycling quality standards, namely the different quality of food waste is different price. The principle of recovery is higher prices for better quality, according to the price on quality in accordance with classified recovery .
4、The fundamental way to solve the food waste is utilization. From maximum benefit in resource recovery, this article gives the principle of resource, which is“if the food waste can be produced feed, just do it,and the residual is used to manufacture fertilizer”. Respectively, the problem of the management of feed and fertilizer production have been studied, and then points out that the project utilization scale requair to give full consideration to the special nature of restrictions to the source of raw materials.A reasonable scale to determine should meet the demand and market factors. The principle of site selection and conditions are summaried by giving the method of site selection.
5、Aiming at the policy problems of resource regeneration in China , the paper points out that food waste recycling business policy is to manage the general idea of the rule of law, the main producers of responsibility, opening governmental functions, recycling of the market, and gives expand the financing channels, and strengthen tax incentives, financial subsidies to improve the operation of the system of policy recommendations.
6、As an objective,the food waste in Tianjin university is studied, biochemical technology disposal of food waste in Tianjin SanYing company is supported, this article carries out empirical research on the food waste recycling. The result shows that the project is advanced in thechnology and reasonable in economic, so the technical measure is should be full extended, so as to resovle the difficult problem of food waste recycling.
引文
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