城市生活垃圾中转站评价及车辆收运路线优化研究
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摘要
随着社会经济的发展,人民生活水平日益提高,城市生活垃圾、固体废弃物也大幅增加,对垃圾收运管理提出了更高的要求。城市生活垃圾收运费用在整个垃圾处理系统总费用中占据很大的比例,分析研究收运系统的优化对降低垃圾处理成本具有重要的现实意义。
本文在分析国内外生活垃圾收运关于中转站和车辆收运路线优化的基础上,运用DEA评价模型、垃圾收运的启发式算法以及现场调研的方法,对生活垃圾收运问题进行了分析,从垃圾收集方式的选择、垃圾搬运与贮存方式设计、垃圾收运有无中转站模式的选择、垃圾中转站选址及规划,以及垃圾流动车辆收运路线的设计与优化几个方面进行了相关研究,并得出如下结论:
对于城市生活垃圾收运系统,其网络构成,主要有两种模式,一是有中转站结点的模式,针对这种模式进行中转站评价,以提高中转站的运行效率,并充分利用效率较高的中转站;二是没有中转站的模式,这种模式主要是关于车辆路线的优化。
新建中转站,进行中转站设计与选址在现在中转站带来扰民、异味以及噪音的情况下是很难实现的,所以结合已有的中转站进行DEA评价,对DEA评价结果进行相关分析可以为现在关闭中转站的政策提供一定的决策依据。
对无中转站的流动模式,重点考虑的是关于垃圾收运路线的优化与设计,利用车辆收运路线的启发式算法可以得到一个优化的结果。
最后本文以南京市瑞金路街道为例进行实例研究,进一步验证了DEA模型在中转站评价中的应用,利用评价结果可以考虑关闭部分效率低下的中转站,重点关注DEA有效及效率较高的中转站,以完善中转站模式的垃圾收运管理。另一方面,通过利用启发式算法对无中转站模式的垃圾收运进行路线设计,可以找到流动车辆收集垃圾的优化路线,为流动模式路线设计提供一个方便实用的方法。
With the development of the economics, and the improvement of people's living standard, the urban solid waste has increased significantly and putting forward higher demand to our management of garbage collection and transportation. As we know that the cost of garbage collection and transportation accounts for a large proportion of the entire expenditure of waste disposal system, so the optimization of reducing the costs of garbage collection and transportation has an important and practical significance.
Based on the analyzing of evaluation of transfer station and optimization of vehicle routes, using the DEA evaluation model, heuristic algorithm and on-site research methods, we have a deep research on many aspects of the garbage collection and transportation problems, such as the choice of the garbage collection methods, the garbage transportation and storage design, the choice of the pattern of garbage collection and transportation, the sitting and planning of transfer station, and the optimization of vehicle routes. And draw the following conclusions:
As a logistic system, the urban solid waste collection and transportation system have two types of network patterns, the first is occupying transfer station as the node, we have evaluated this pattern and suggested shut down those transfer stations which were not DEA efficient. And the other is the flowing pattern, which is mainly about the optimization of vehicle routes.
New transfer station, which is very difficult to achieve because of its nuisance, odor and noise, so all we can do is utilizing the existing transfer station, and the results of the DEA evaluation can provide a basis for the government’s decision making.
As for the flowing pattern, which emphasis on the routes of the urban solid waste collection and transportation system, by using the heuristic algorithm, we could draw an optimized vehicle route.
Finally, we take the Ruijin Street of Nanjing as an example, this case study validate that the DEA model can be used for the evaluation of transfer station, and the result shows we could shut down those transfer stations which are not DEA efficient, and make full use of the efficient transfer stations. On the other hand, by using the heuristic algorithm, we could find an optimized route and provide a convenient and practical method for the flowing pattern of the urban solid waste collection and transportation.
本文在分析国内外生活垃圾收运关于中转站和车辆收运路线优化的基础上,运用DEA评价模型、垃圾收运的启发式算法以及现场调研的方法,对生活垃圾收运问题进行了分析,从垃圾收集方式的选择、垃圾搬运与贮存方式设计、垃圾收运有无中转站模式的选择、垃圾中转站选址及规划,以及垃圾流动车辆收运路线的设计与优化几个方面进行了相关研究,并得出如下结论:
对于城市生活垃圾收运系统,其网络构成,主要有两种模式,一是有中转站结点的模式,针对这种模式进行中转站评价,以提高中转站的运行效率,并充分利用效率较高的中转站;二是没有中转站的模式,这种模式主要是关于车辆路线的优化。
新建中转站,进行中转站设计与选址在现在中转站带来扰民、异味以及噪音的情况下是很难实现的,所以结合已有的中转站进行DEA评价,对DEA评价结果进行相关分析可以为现在关闭中转站的政策提供一定的决策依据。
对无中转站的流动模式,重点考虑的是关于垃圾收运路线的优化与设计,利用车辆收运路线的启发式算法可以得到一个优化的结果。
最后本文以南京市瑞金路街道为例进行实例研究,进一步验证了DEA模型在中转站评价中的应用,利用评价结果可以考虑关闭部分效率低下的中转站,重点关注DEA有效及效率较高的中转站,以完善中转站模式的垃圾收运管理。另一方面,通过利用启发式算法对无中转站模式的垃圾收运进行路线设计,可以找到流动车辆收集垃圾的优化路线,为流动模式路线设计提供一个方便实用的方法。
With the development of the economics, and the improvement of people's living standard, the urban solid waste has increased significantly and putting forward higher demand to our management of garbage collection and transportation. As we know that the cost of garbage collection and transportation accounts for a large proportion of the entire expenditure of waste disposal system, so the optimization of reducing the costs of garbage collection and transportation has an important and practical significance.
Based on the analyzing of evaluation of transfer station and optimization of vehicle routes, using the DEA evaluation model, heuristic algorithm and on-site research methods, we have a deep research on many aspects of the garbage collection and transportation problems, such as the choice of the garbage collection methods, the garbage transportation and storage design, the choice of the pattern of garbage collection and transportation, the sitting and planning of transfer station, and the optimization of vehicle routes. And draw the following conclusions:
As a logistic system, the urban solid waste collection and transportation system have two types of network patterns, the first is occupying transfer station as the node, we have evaluated this pattern and suggested shut down those transfer stations which were not DEA efficient. And the other is the flowing pattern, which is mainly about the optimization of vehicle routes.
New transfer station, which is very difficult to achieve because of its nuisance, odor and noise, so all we can do is utilizing the existing transfer station, and the results of the DEA evaluation can provide a basis for the government’s decision making.
As for the flowing pattern, which emphasis on the routes of the urban solid waste collection and transportation system, by using the heuristic algorithm, we could draw an optimized vehicle route.
Finally, we take the Ruijin Street of Nanjing as an example, this case study validate that the DEA model can be used for the evaluation of transfer station, and the result shows we could shut down those transfer stations which are not DEA efficient, and make full use of the efficient transfer stations. On the other hand, by using the heuristic algorithm, we could find an optimized route and provide a convenient and practical method for the flowing pattern of the urban solid waste collection and transportation.
引文
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[2]苗建青.论循环经济的效率问题[J].外国经济与管理,2005,27(12):51-57.
[3]彭晓明,迟光宇,王红瑞等.城市生活垃圾收费的定价模型及其应用[J].资源科学, 2006, 28(1): 19-24.
[4] Wilson , Bruce G, Baetz, Brian W. Modeling municipal solid waste collection systems using derived probability distribution model development[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2001, 127(11): 1031.
[5] Ni-Bin Chang , Lin Y T. Optimal sitting of transfer station locations in a metropolitan solid waste management system[J].Spectroscopy Letters , 1997 , 30(3) :601 - 623.
[6]贾传兴,彭绪亚等.城市垃圾中转站选址优化模型的建立及其应用[J].环境科学学报,2006, 26 (11): 1927-1931.
[7]任鸣鸣,杨超,废弃品联合回收物流网络优化设计[J].统计与决策,2007,7:34-36.
[8]王金华,孙可伟等,城市垃圾中转站选址研究[J].环境科学与管理,2008,5:57-59,86.
[9]贾学斌,刘冬梅等.用神经元理论优化生活垃圾收运路线[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004,36(6): 819-821.
[10]朱明华,范秀敏等.上海浦东新区城市生活垃圾收运路线优化研究[J].资源科学,2009, 31 (9):1612-1618.
[11]刘伟,秦侠等.城市生活垃圾收运系统优化综述[J].环境与安全学报,2009,09(5):023-027.
[12]吕新福,蔡临宁等.废弃物回收物流中的选址-路径问题[J].系统工程理论与实践,2005,5:89 -94.
[13]田肇云.逆向物流网络中选址-路径问题的研究[J].北京机械工业学院学报,2006,12:73-76.
[14]何波,杨超等.固体废弃物逆向物流网络优化设计[J].系统工程,2006,8:38-41.
[15]何波,杨超等.废弃物逆向物流网络设计的多目标优化模型[J].工业工程与管理,2007,5:43- 46.
[16]何波,杨超等.废弃物回收的多层逆向物流网络优化设计问题研究[J].中国管理科学,2007,6: 61-67.
[17]翁东风,费奇.二重标准平面选址问题的Voronoi图算法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2005,4: 120-124.
[18]刘晓峰,陈通等.基于ANP的物流中心选址[J].工业工程,2007,9:136-140.
[19]黄菊文,李光明等,层次分析法评价固体废弃物的资源化利用[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,8:1090-1094.
[20]马艳,俞义樵.指标满意度算法在垃圾压缩站选址中的应用[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2007,12:131-135,140.
[21]马培东,黄川等.城市生活垃圾转运站经济合理性研究[J].环境卫生工程.2006(12):14-19.
[22]肖剑,陈义华.DEA评价下的配送中心再选址模型及求解[J].系统工程学报.2006(8): 442-445.
[23]王桂琴,罗一鸣等.基于层次分析法的城市生活垃圾收运模式优选[J].中国环境科学. 2008,28(9): 838-842.
[24]谭和平,张家宁.城市生活垃圾收集系统规划编制浅析[J].环境卫生工程,2005,13(6): 44-47,51.
[25] Omer Kirca, Nesim Erkip. Selecting transfer station locations for large solid waste systems[J]. European Journal of Operational Research ,1988,35(3) : 339-349.
[26] Ni-Bin Chang , Lin Y T. Optimal sitting of transfer station locations in a metropolitan solid waste management system[J].Spectroscopy Letters , 1997,30(3) :601 - 623.
[27] Min H, Jayaraman V , Srivastava R. Combined location-routing problems : a synthesis and future research directions[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1998 ,108(1) : 1 - 15.
[28] CHEN Y L ,WANG S F . A fuzzy interval multiobjective mixed integer programming approach for the optimal planning of solid waste management systems[J]. Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1997,89(1): 35-60.
[29] JESS W.Optimal regional scheduling of solid waste system I: model development[J].Journal Environmental Engineering,1996,122(9): 785-792.
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