守时系统故障实时诊断与自动报警
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摘要
NTSC的守时系统无人值守是不久将要实现的既定计划。就目前来说，已有较好的自动化基础，但要真正做到无人值守还有一系列的研究和工作要做，其中要解决的两个关键问题是UTC(NTSC)的同步精度的自动化控制和守时系统故障的全方位、自动化监测与报警。本论文所研究和探讨的主要基于后者。
守时系统按其功能和工作的性质可分为主(原子钟、时间传递和比对系统)、辅(温湿度、电压环境监控系统)、外(电源系统)三个子系统。
主系统的监测对象多且其故障不易发现，并且由于故障传递和比对的相关性影响使得故障诊断较为复杂。为了解决主系统设备的状态监测，本论文确立了基于解析模型(时间序列的一阶原子钟模型)、专家知识、故障树和信号处理等几种方法综合起来的故障诊断融合方法。该方法的内容包括：原子钟一阶模型的噪声分离方法和故障树的故障分离、故障定位方法。
辅系统的监测对象也多，但相对独立，可将系统的监测数据通过LAN自动上传，实现主、辅系统的一体化监测。
为了适应无人值守的要求，守时系统的所有故障报警均采用了电话语音报警。主、辅系统的故障报警采用基于CTI技术的电话语音报警方案；供电系统的故障报警采用断电拨号器与CTI技术相结合的电话语音报警方案。
通过对主、辅、外三个子系统故障诊断的研究、报警系统的构建和故障诊断与电话语音报警软件开发，实现了守时系统故障诊断和故障报警的实时性、自动性。经过一段时间的用户确认测试和试运结果验证，故障报警及时、准确、可靠，电话语音报警系统的功能和性能均符合设计的总体要求。
The Time Keeping System at the National Time Service Center (NTSC), the Chinese Academy of Science, is the key part for the national standard time and frequency dissemination, which generates and keeps the local standard time UTC(NTSC) with the accuracy of UTC(NTSC) and the real time malfunction diagnosis and automatic alarm for time keeping system is underway. Both the part of the research work is of importance for further improving the accuracy of UTC(NTSC) and the reliability of the time keeping system. In this thesis, the method for malfunction diagnosis and the way of automatic alarming are mainly described.
The Time Keeping System can be divided into three subsystems: The main (clock, time transfer and time comparison system), the accessorial (environment monitoring and controlling system) and the power supply system.
A quite lot of equipment needs to be inspected in main system, but malfunctions of which are not easy to be detected. In order to resolve the equipment-monitoring of main system, in this thesis, we have established a synergetic method to synthesize the followings: analytical model (time sequence model of atomic clock), expert system, malfunction tree, signal processing method, and so on. The synergetic method mainly includes: noise-separating method based on time sequence model of atomic clock and malfunction- separating and positioning method based on malfunction-tree.
The detected objects, in accessorial system, can be systematically monitored via LAN (local area network) hi the upper computer before it is completely auto-reformed.
A telephone-speech alarming mode based on CTI technology has been adopted in the main and hi the accessorial system; we have also planned to adopt the method, which is combined with intelligent and programmable telephone dial-up device, as
alarming mode for the power supply system.
We have realized the real-time and automatic malfunction-diagnosis and malfunction-alarm in the main, the accessorial and the power supply system via malfunction diagnostic research and the design of alarming system and surveillant software. Via a period testing, it has been verified that the diagnoses and alarms are on time, accurate and reliable, and it can accord with practical requests of the unmanned watch.
守时系统按其功能和工作的性质可分为主(原子钟、时间传递和比对系统)、辅(温湿度、电压环境监控系统)、外(电源系统)三个子系统。
主系统的监测对象多且其故障不易发现，并且由于故障传递和比对的相关性影响使得故障诊断较为复杂。为了解决主系统设备的状态监测，本论文确立了基于解析模型(时间序列的一阶原子钟模型)、专家知识、故障树和信号处理等几种方法综合起来的故障诊断融合方法。该方法的内容包括：原子钟一阶模型的噪声分离方法和故障树的故障分离、故障定位方法。
辅系统的监测对象也多，但相对独立，可将系统的监测数据通过LAN自动上传，实现主、辅系统的一体化监测。
为了适应无人值守的要求，守时系统的所有故障报警均采用了电话语音报警。主、辅系统的故障报警采用基于CTI技术的电话语音报警方案；供电系统的故障报警采用断电拨号器与CTI技术相结合的电话语音报警方案。
通过对主、辅、外三个子系统故障诊断的研究、报警系统的构建和故障诊断与电话语音报警软件开发，实现了守时系统故障诊断和故障报警的实时性、自动性。经过一段时间的用户确认测试和试运结果验证，故障报警及时、准确、可靠，电话语音报警系统的功能和性能均符合设计的总体要求。
The Time Keeping System at the National Time Service Center (NTSC), the Chinese Academy of Science, is the key part for the national standard time and frequency dissemination, which generates and keeps the local standard time UTC(NTSC) with the accuracy of UTC(NTSC) and the real time malfunction diagnosis and automatic alarm for time keeping system is underway. Both the part of the research work is of importance for further improving the accuracy of UTC(NTSC) and the reliability of the time keeping system. In this thesis, the method for malfunction diagnosis and the way of automatic alarming are mainly described.
The Time Keeping System can be divided into three subsystems: The main (clock, time transfer and time comparison system), the accessorial (environment monitoring and controlling system) and the power supply system.
A quite lot of equipment needs to be inspected in main system, but malfunctions of which are not easy to be detected. In order to resolve the equipment-monitoring of main system, in this thesis, we have established a synergetic method to synthesize the followings: analytical model (time sequence model of atomic clock), expert system, malfunction tree, signal processing method, and so on. The synergetic method mainly includes: noise-separating method based on time sequence model of atomic clock and malfunction- separating and positioning method based on malfunction-tree.
The detected objects, in accessorial system, can be systematically monitored via LAN (local area network) hi the upper computer before it is completely auto-reformed.
A telephone-speech alarming mode based on CTI technology has been adopted in the main and hi the accessorial system; we have also planned to adopt the method, which is combined with intelligent and programmable telephone dial-up device, as
alarming mode for the power supply system.
We have realized the real-time and automatic malfunction-diagnosis and malfunction-alarm in the main, the accessorial and the power supply system via malfunction diagnostic research and the design of alarming system and surveillant software. Via a period testing, it has been verified that the diagnoses and alarms are on time, accurate and reliable, and it can accord with practical requests of the unmanned watch.
引文
[1] Frank P. M. Fault Diagnosis in Dynamic System Using Analytical and Knowledge-based Redundancy —— A Survey and some New Results[J].Automatica, 1990,26(3):459-474.
[2] 周东华，王桂增．故障诊断技术综述．化工自动化及仪表，1998，25(1)：58-62．
[3] 陈玉东，施颂椒，翁正新．动态系统的故障诊断方法综述，化工自动化及仪表，2001，28(3)：1-14
[4] 朱大奇，于盛林．基于知识的故障诊断综述．安徽工业大学学报．2002，1(3)：197-204．
[5] Patton R J, Chen J. A Review of Parity Space Approaches to Fault Diagnosis[c].Proceedings of IFAC Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety for technical Processes Baderr-Baden, Germany, 1991, 65-81.
[6] Gerter J, Kunwer MM. Optimal Residual Decoupling for Robust Fault Diagnosis[J]. International Journal of Control, 1995,61 (2): 395-421.
[7] 周东华，孙优贤，席裕庚，张钟俊．一类非线性系统参数偏差型故障的实时检测与诊断[J]．自动化学报，1993，19(2)：184-189．
[8] Isermann R. Fault Diagnosis of Machines Via Parameter Estimation and Knowledge Processing ——Tutorial Paper[J]. Automatica, 1993, 29(4): 815-835.
[9] 杨良士．动态系统故障诊断新方法—专家系统[J]．信息与控制，1998,17(5)：26-31．
[10] 张雪江．汽轮发动机组故障诊断专家系统知识处理技术的研究[J]．振动工程学报，1996，9(3)：230-236．
[11] 何利，主厚军．基于知识的故障诊断系统的设计．计算机测量与控制，2002，10(5)：322-324．
[12] 程明华，姚一平．动态故障树在软硬件容错计算机中的应用．航空学报，2001，22(5)：468-470．
[13] 纪常伟，杜元虎等．一个基于故障树模型的诊断系统．中国空间科学技术，1995，10，第五期．
[14] 洪冶，蔡维由，乐振春．模糊故障树诊断及应用．武汉大学学报(工学版)，2001，34(1)：94-96．
[15] 《计量测试技术手册》编辑委员会．计量测试技术手册第11卷．时间频率．中国计量出版社，1996，10．
[16] 费业泰，卢荣胜等．动态系统误差修正原理与技术．中国计量出版社，
2001 7．
[17] 长波授时台的发播系统．陕西天文台台刊，1986．6．
[18] WANG Zheng-Ming, YUAN Hai-Bo. The Software for Real Time Monitoring and Controlling of UTC(NTSC).
[19] 李罡，丁莉编著．Visual Basic 6.0编程实例祥解．电子工业出版社，2001，1．
[20] 蔡成林、王正明等，守时系统故障实时诊断，时频学报，2003年第一期．
[21] 范逸之编著．Visual Basic与分布式监控系统——RS232／485串行通信(最新版)．清华大学出版，200，6第二版．
[22] 杜方冬、陈先来、周宇葵编著．中国铁道出版社，2003，5局域网组建与应用百例，2003，5第一版。
[23] Bertsekas D, Gallager R. Data Network, Second Edition. Prentice-Hall Internation, Inc., 1992
[24] 罗进文，王喆编著．信令网技术教程．人民邮电出版社．2003．9第一版．
[25] 王柏，杨娟编著．形式语言与自动机．北京邮电大学出版社．2003．2 第一版．
[26] 张中荃主编．程控交换与宽带交换．人民邮电出版社．2003年11月第一版
[27] Redmond, Wash. Telephony Application Programming Interface(TAPI)Reference, Microsoft Developer Network Library. 2000.
[28] Versit. Versit Computer Telephony Integration (CTI) Encyclopedia, Volume3: Telephony Feature Set,1996
[29] [美]Michael Bayer著，姜晓铭、杨水超等译．Computer Telephony Demystified．电子工业出版社，2002，1第一版．
[30] Fi4408PCI多功能电话语音卡用户手册，深圳市飞环电子有限公司，2003．
[31] 郑人杰、殷人昆等．实用软件工程．清华大学出版社，1997，4 第二版．
[2] 周东华，王桂增．故障诊断技术综述．化工自动化及仪表，1998，25(1)：58-62．
[3] 陈玉东，施颂椒，翁正新．动态系统的故障诊断方法综述，化工自动化及仪表，2001，28(3)：1-14
[4] 朱大奇，于盛林．基于知识的故障诊断综述．安徽工业大学学报．2002，1(3)：197-204．
[5] Patton R J, Chen J. A Review of Parity Space Approaches to Fault Diagnosis[c].Proceedings of IFAC Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety for technical Processes Baderr-Baden, Germany, 1991, 65-81.
[6] Gerter J, Kunwer MM. Optimal Residual Decoupling for Robust Fault Diagnosis[J]. International Journal of Control, 1995,61 (2): 395-421.
[7] 周东华，孙优贤，席裕庚，张钟俊．一类非线性系统参数偏差型故障的实时检测与诊断[J]．自动化学报，1993，19(2)：184-189．
[8] Isermann R. Fault Diagnosis of Machines Via Parameter Estimation and Knowledge Processing ——Tutorial Paper[J]. Automatica, 1993, 29(4): 815-835.
[9] 杨良士．动态系统故障诊断新方法—专家系统[J]．信息与控制，1998,17(5)：26-31．
[10] 张雪江．汽轮发动机组故障诊断专家系统知识处理技术的研究[J]．振动工程学报，1996，9(3)：230-236．
[11] 何利，主厚军．基于知识的故障诊断系统的设计．计算机测量与控制，2002，10(5)：322-324．
[12] 程明华，姚一平．动态故障树在软硬件容错计算机中的应用．航空学报，2001，22(5)：468-470．
[13] 纪常伟，杜元虎等．一个基于故障树模型的诊断系统．中国空间科学技术，1995，10，第五期．
[14] 洪冶，蔡维由，乐振春．模糊故障树诊断及应用．武汉大学学报(工学版)，2001，34(1)：94-96．
[15] 《计量测试技术手册》编辑委员会．计量测试技术手册第11卷．时间频率．中国计量出版社，1996，10．
[16] 费业泰，卢荣胜等．动态系统误差修正原理与技术．中国计量出版社，
2001 7．
[17] 长波授时台的发播系统．陕西天文台台刊，1986．6．
[18] WANG Zheng-Ming, YUAN Hai-Bo. The Software for Real Time Monitoring and Controlling of UTC(NTSC).
[19] 李罡，丁莉编著．Visual Basic 6.0编程实例祥解．电子工业出版社，2001，1．
[20] 蔡成林、王正明等，守时系统故障实时诊断，时频学报，2003年第一期．
[21] 范逸之编著．Visual Basic与分布式监控系统——RS232／485串行通信(最新版)．清华大学出版，200，6第二版．
[22] 杜方冬、陈先来、周宇葵编著．中国铁道出版社，2003，5局域网组建与应用百例，2003，5第一版。
[23] Bertsekas D, Gallager R. Data Network, Second Edition. Prentice-Hall Internation, Inc., 1992
[24] 罗进文，王喆编著．信令网技术教程．人民邮电出版社．2003．9第一版．
[25] 王柏，杨娟编著．形式语言与自动机．北京邮电大学出版社．2003．2 第一版．
[26] 张中荃主编．程控交换与宽带交换．人民邮电出版社．2003年11月第一版
[27] Redmond, Wash. Telephony Application Programming Interface(TAPI)Reference, Microsoft Developer Network Library. 2000.
[28] Versit. Versit Computer Telephony Integration (CTI) Encyclopedia, Volume3: Telephony Feature Set,1996
[29] [美]Michael Bayer著，姜晓铭、杨水超等译．Computer Telephony Demystified．电子工业出版社，2002，1第一版．
[30] Fi4408PCI多功能电话语音卡用户手册，深圳市飞环电子有限公司，2003．
[31] 郑人杰、殷人昆等．实用软件工程．清华大学出版社，1997，4 第二版．
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