平台型电子商务集聚机制研究
|
摘要
自1995年电子商务概念引入我国之后,随着互联网基础设施的不断发展与完善,电子商务得到了迅猛地发展,并逐渐成为推动整个社会经济加速发展的重要力量。在我国电子商务发展的过程中,网络零售呈现鲜明的平台型电子商务集聚化特征。然而目前鲜有集聚理论在电子商务领域的拓展研究。传统的集聚理论在平台型电子商务集聚中是否仍然适用?哪些因素将对平台型电子商务集聚产生影响?如何促进平台型电子商务集聚,推动平台型电子商务集聚良性发展?这些问题不仅是学者们关心的问题,更为平台型电子商务网站企业所关心,同时也关系着我国未来网络经济的发展。
本文基于电子商务高速发展的背景下,以我国平台型电子商务集聚为主要研究对象,首先,针对平台型电子商务不同主体,结合自上而下的理论分析以及自下而上的扎根分析,构建理论模型,通过实证分析,确定在网络特殊环境下,不同集聚主体在平台型电子商务网站集聚意愿的影响因素；其次,根据不同集聚主体集聚意愿的影响因素以及每一类主体集聚趋势,分析集聚各主体间的相互作用机理及集聚的内部作用机制；第三,根据平台型电子商务集聚特征,基于商业生态系统视角,构建平台型电子商务集聚演变趋势模型,分析不同条件作用下的集聚演变规律；最后,针对平台型电子商务集聚过程中各主体间协同过程中存在的问题,设计合理的集聚协调机制。
本研究发现：(一)网络消费者感知的搜索成本的降低、网络消费者感知的商品价值、网络消费者感知的服务质量、网络消费者感知的平台口碑以及网络消费者感知的商户组合均对网络消费者平台型电子商务集聚意愿具有显著的正向影响。但网络消费者感知的服务质量的四个维度中网络消费者感知的客户服务质量对其平台型电子商务集聚意愿具有显著地正向影响,而网络消费者感知的网站设计质量、网站可靠性以及网站安全性对网络消费者的平台型电子商务集聚意愿的正向影响作用均不显著。同时网络消费者感知的商品价值的两个维度中,网络消费者感知的商品个人内部感知价值维度对其平台型电子商务集聚意愿具有显著的正向影响,而网络消费者感知商品的社会价值对于网络消费者平台型电子商务集聚意愿的正向影响作用不显著。(二)网络零售商感知的网络消费者聚集程度、网络零售商感知的成本的降低以及网络零售商感知的服务质量对网络零售商平台型电子商务集聚意愿具有显著地正向影响作用；网络零售商感知的市场拥挤对其平台型电子商务集聚意愿具有显著地负向影响。在所有主假设中,网络零售商感知的知识溢出对其集聚意愿的正向影响作用未得到支持。同时,进一步研究发现,网络零售商感知的服务质量的三个维度中,网络零售商感知的平台网站的决策支持质量与任务支持质量两个维度对于其集聚意愿的正向影响均得到支持,但感知的平台网站界面质量维度对其集聚意愿的正向影响并不显著,该子假设未得到支持。(三)第三方物流服务提供商感知的平台网站商品交易量、第三方物流服务提供商感知的知识溢出以及第三方物流服务提供商感知的交易成本的降低均对第三方物流服务提供商平台型电子商务集聚意愿具有显著地正向影响。第三方物流服务提供商感知的市场拥挤对其集聚意愿具有显著的负向影响。(四)本研究以商业生态系统视角,分析了平台型电子商务各集聚主体(各类种群)集聚的增长模式。分析结果表明,网络消费者种群增长模型为与密度无关的“J”型指数增长模型；网络零售商及支持服务提供商种群增长模型为与密度有关的“S”型Logistic增长模型。其中,网络消费者集聚意愿的所有影响因素将通过影响网络消费者种群增长模型中的种群瞬时增长率而影响增长曲线的形态：网络零售商集聚意愿影响因素中的网络零售商感知的成本降低、网络零售商感知的网站决策支持质量以及网络零售商感知的网站任务支持质量,将通过影响网络零售商种群增长模型中的种群瞬时增长率而影响增长曲线的形态,消费者集聚规模则影响了该模型中的最大环境容量值；第三方支持服务提供商意愿影响因素中的第三方支持服务提供商感知的交易成本的降低以及知识溢出,将通过影响第三方支持服务提供商种群增长模型中的种群瞬时增长率来影响增长曲线的形态,模型中的最大环境容量则受到网络消费者的集聚规模与网络零售商集聚规模的共同作用。(五)平台型电子商务集聚将存在以下四种演变趋势：第一,当网络消费者种群瞬时增长率为零时,平台型电子商务集聚体增长曲线将与其他常规集聚相同,沿着Logistic描述轨迹呈“S”型演变趋势；第二,当网络消费者种群瞬时增长率为负值时,平台型电子商务集聚将呈现短期的规模递增后迅速降低,直至集聚体瓦解的恶性演变趋势；第三,当网络消费者种群瞬时增长率为正,且大于网络零售商瞬时增长率时,平台型电子商务集聚体增长曲线将呈现与密度无关增长模型特征,增长轨迹表现为“J”型良性演变趋势：第四,当网络消费者种群瞬时增长率为正,且小于网络零售商瞬时增长率时,平台型电子商务集聚体增长曲线将呈现出无上界的“S”型良性演变趋势。(六)网络环境下的平台型电子商务活动需要多个主体协同实现,因此,各类主体从自身利益最大化角度出发将会存在“投机者短期获利行为”、“间接服务过程中的道德风险”等问题,同时由于网络虚拟特性还可能会出现“非主观意愿的销售失败”现象。可以通过平台型电子商务生态系统内部互利共生的第三方强势物种发挥其规则制定作用,形成合理的协调机制；或在平台型电子商务生态系统中引入新物种,对侵害的损失进行补偿并从中获得收益而达到新的平衡,形成受侵害物种与新物种之间的互利共生关系,促进平台型电子商务集聚的良性协调发展。
As the conception of e-commerce introduced to China in1995, the e-commerce in China has developed rapidly and has become an important force of the social economy along with the continuous development of the Internet infrastructure. In the process of development of e-commerce, the online retail presents distinct characteristic of cluster. However, there are few researches using the theory of cluster in the field of e-commerce. Is the traditional cluster theory still applicable? What factors will affect the cluster? How to promote the healthy development of platform-type e-commerce? These problems are not only concerned by scholars and the enterprise of platform-type e-commerce websites, but also influenced the development of the Chinese network economy.
In this research, the main object is the cluster of Chinese platform-type e-commerce. First, concerning the different subjects of the platform-type e-commerce, we build up the theoretical models by the methods of grounded data analysis and theoretical analysis. Then we searched for the factors which could affect the clustered willing of different subjects who participating the platform-type e-commerce with the method of empirical analysis. Secondly, according to the affecting factors of those different subjects, this research analyzed the interaction mechanism of the subjects and the mechanism of cluster. Thirdly, from the business ecosystem approach, this research built up the tendency model of the platform-type e-commerce basing on the clustering features of the platform-type e-commerce, and analyzed the different evolution pattern of it with different conditions. Finally, this research designed the proper coordination mechanisms to resolve the problems of the platform-type e-commerce cluster.
The research found that:(1) search costs reduction, the value of the goods, the quality of service, the reputation of the platform website and the business combination that were perceived by the online consumers, had positive impact on their cluster willingness. However, the factors such as the expected the customer service quality, the influence caused by website design quality, reliability and safety of the website are not significant at all. While the two dimensions of the goods value, the goods value personal perceived have a significant positive impact to the cluster willingness, but the positive effect of the dimension of social value of goods was not significant.(2) the scale of cluster of online consumers, the reduction of the cost, service quality perceived by the online retailers, had positive impact on their cluster willingness. The overcrowded market perceived by online retailers had negative effect on their cluster willingness. In additional, among the three dimensions of service quality, both decision support quality and task support quality had positive effects on the cluster willingness of online retailers, but the effects caused by the interface quality of the platform-type website which online retailers perceived was not significant.(3) Trading volume on the platform-type website, the knowledge spillover and the reduction in transaction costs that were perceived by third-party logistics service providers, had positive impact on their cluster willingness. The overcrowded market perceived by third-party logistics service providers had negative effect on their cluster willingness.(4) This study analyzed the cluster growth model of the different subjects participating in the platform-type e-commerce by the perspective of business ecosystem. The results show that the growth model of the online consumers group is exponential growth model which is density-independent, like 'J'. The growth model of the online retailers group is' Logistic1growth model which is density-dependent, like'S'. All factors that affected the cluster willingness of online consumers would impact the growth curve shaped by the instantaneous growth rate of the online consumers'growth model. The reduction of the cost, decision support quality and tasks support quality perceived by online retailers, would impact the growth curve shaped by the instantaneous growth rate of the online retailers and the scale of cluster of online consumers would impact the maximum environmental capacity of this model. The knowledge spillover and the reduction in transaction costs that were perceived by third-party logistics service providers would impact the growth curve shaped by the instantaneous growth rate of third-party logistics service providers. The environmental capacity of this model is limited by the scale of both online consumers and online retailers.(5) There are four possible trends of the cluster of platform-type e-commerce. First, when the instantaneous growth rate of the online consumers group is zero, the curve of the growth model of platform-type e-commerce cluster is the same as the'Logistic' model like'S'. Second, when the instantaneous growth rate of the online consumers group is less than zero, the cluster would present a short-term decrease and then ascend rapidly till it disintegrate. Third, when the instantaneous growth rate of the online consumers group is positive and higher than online retailers'the curve of the growth model of platform-type, the e-commerce cluster is the same as the density-independent, like'J'.Fourth, when the instantaneous growth rate of the online consumers group is positive and lower than online retailers'the curve of the growth model, the platform-type e-commerce cluster would be a unbounded growth curve and appeared in the "S" type evolution trend.(6) The platform-type e-commerce required the collaboration of different subjects. Each subject would concern its own benefit. So the speculation and the moral risk would be problems. In addition, due to the virtual characteristics of network, the failure of selling without subjective intention is also a problem. We could design the proper coordination mechanisms by the third-party strong symbiotic within the ecosystem of platform-type e-commerce to play its rule-making role. We could also introduce a new species in ecosystems of platform-type e-commerce, which would gain profit from compensating the damage of infringement to achieve a new equilibrium, and built up a mutually beneficial symbiosis between the infringement species and the new species. That would promote the healthy and coordinated development of the platform-type e-commerce cluster.
本文基于电子商务高速发展的背景下,以我国平台型电子商务集聚为主要研究对象,首先,针对平台型电子商务不同主体,结合自上而下的理论分析以及自下而上的扎根分析,构建理论模型,通过实证分析,确定在网络特殊环境下,不同集聚主体在平台型电子商务网站集聚意愿的影响因素；其次,根据不同集聚主体集聚意愿的影响因素以及每一类主体集聚趋势,分析集聚各主体间的相互作用机理及集聚的内部作用机制；第三,根据平台型电子商务集聚特征,基于商业生态系统视角,构建平台型电子商务集聚演变趋势模型,分析不同条件作用下的集聚演变规律；最后,针对平台型电子商务集聚过程中各主体间协同过程中存在的问题,设计合理的集聚协调机制。
本研究发现：(一)网络消费者感知的搜索成本的降低、网络消费者感知的商品价值、网络消费者感知的服务质量、网络消费者感知的平台口碑以及网络消费者感知的商户组合均对网络消费者平台型电子商务集聚意愿具有显著的正向影响。但网络消费者感知的服务质量的四个维度中网络消费者感知的客户服务质量对其平台型电子商务集聚意愿具有显著地正向影响,而网络消费者感知的网站设计质量、网站可靠性以及网站安全性对网络消费者的平台型电子商务集聚意愿的正向影响作用均不显著。同时网络消费者感知的商品价值的两个维度中,网络消费者感知的商品个人内部感知价值维度对其平台型电子商务集聚意愿具有显著的正向影响,而网络消费者感知商品的社会价值对于网络消费者平台型电子商务集聚意愿的正向影响作用不显著。(二)网络零售商感知的网络消费者聚集程度、网络零售商感知的成本的降低以及网络零售商感知的服务质量对网络零售商平台型电子商务集聚意愿具有显著地正向影响作用；网络零售商感知的市场拥挤对其平台型电子商务集聚意愿具有显著地负向影响。在所有主假设中,网络零售商感知的知识溢出对其集聚意愿的正向影响作用未得到支持。同时,进一步研究发现,网络零售商感知的服务质量的三个维度中,网络零售商感知的平台网站的决策支持质量与任务支持质量两个维度对于其集聚意愿的正向影响均得到支持,但感知的平台网站界面质量维度对其集聚意愿的正向影响并不显著,该子假设未得到支持。(三)第三方物流服务提供商感知的平台网站商品交易量、第三方物流服务提供商感知的知识溢出以及第三方物流服务提供商感知的交易成本的降低均对第三方物流服务提供商平台型电子商务集聚意愿具有显著地正向影响。第三方物流服务提供商感知的市场拥挤对其集聚意愿具有显著的负向影响。(四)本研究以商业生态系统视角,分析了平台型电子商务各集聚主体(各类种群)集聚的增长模式。分析结果表明,网络消费者种群增长模型为与密度无关的“J”型指数增长模型；网络零售商及支持服务提供商种群增长模型为与密度有关的“S”型Logistic增长模型。其中,网络消费者集聚意愿的所有影响因素将通过影响网络消费者种群增长模型中的种群瞬时增长率而影响增长曲线的形态：网络零售商集聚意愿影响因素中的网络零售商感知的成本降低、网络零售商感知的网站决策支持质量以及网络零售商感知的网站任务支持质量,将通过影响网络零售商种群增长模型中的种群瞬时增长率而影响增长曲线的形态,消费者集聚规模则影响了该模型中的最大环境容量值；第三方支持服务提供商意愿影响因素中的第三方支持服务提供商感知的交易成本的降低以及知识溢出,将通过影响第三方支持服务提供商种群增长模型中的种群瞬时增长率来影响增长曲线的形态,模型中的最大环境容量则受到网络消费者的集聚规模与网络零售商集聚规模的共同作用。(五)平台型电子商务集聚将存在以下四种演变趋势：第一,当网络消费者种群瞬时增长率为零时,平台型电子商务集聚体增长曲线将与其他常规集聚相同,沿着Logistic描述轨迹呈“S”型演变趋势；第二,当网络消费者种群瞬时增长率为负值时,平台型电子商务集聚将呈现短期的规模递增后迅速降低,直至集聚体瓦解的恶性演变趋势；第三,当网络消费者种群瞬时增长率为正,且大于网络零售商瞬时增长率时,平台型电子商务集聚体增长曲线将呈现与密度无关增长模型特征,增长轨迹表现为“J”型良性演变趋势：第四,当网络消费者种群瞬时增长率为正,且小于网络零售商瞬时增长率时,平台型电子商务集聚体增长曲线将呈现出无上界的“S”型良性演变趋势。(六)网络环境下的平台型电子商务活动需要多个主体协同实现,因此,各类主体从自身利益最大化角度出发将会存在“投机者短期获利行为”、“间接服务过程中的道德风险”等问题,同时由于网络虚拟特性还可能会出现“非主观意愿的销售失败”现象。可以通过平台型电子商务生态系统内部互利共生的第三方强势物种发挥其规则制定作用,形成合理的协调机制；或在平台型电子商务生态系统中引入新物种,对侵害的损失进行补偿并从中获得收益而达到新的平衡,形成受侵害物种与新物种之间的互利共生关系,促进平台型电子商务集聚的良性协调发展。
As the conception of e-commerce introduced to China in1995, the e-commerce in China has developed rapidly and has become an important force of the social economy along with the continuous development of the Internet infrastructure. In the process of development of e-commerce, the online retail presents distinct characteristic of cluster. However, there are few researches using the theory of cluster in the field of e-commerce. Is the traditional cluster theory still applicable? What factors will affect the cluster? How to promote the healthy development of platform-type e-commerce? These problems are not only concerned by scholars and the enterprise of platform-type e-commerce websites, but also influenced the development of the Chinese network economy.
In this research, the main object is the cluster of Chinese platform-type e-commerce. First, concerning the different subjects of the platform-type e-commerce, we build up the theoretical models by the methods of grounded data analysis and theoretical analysis. Then we searched for the factors which could affect the clustered willing of different subjects who participating the platform-type e-commerce with the method of empirical analysis. Secondly, according to the affecting factors of those different subjects, this research analyzed the interaction mechanism of the subjects and the mechanism of cluster. Thirdly, from the business ecosystem approach, this research built up the tendency model of the platform-type e-commerce basing on the clustering features of the platform-type e-commerce, and analyzed the different evolution pattern of it with different conditions. Finally, this research designed the proper coordination mechanisms to resolve the problems of the platform-type e-commerce cluster.
The research found that:(1) search costs reduction, the value of the goods, the quality of service, the reputation of the platform website and the business combination that were perceived by the online consumers, had positive impact on their cluster willingness. However, the factors such as the expected the customer service quality, the influence caused by website design quality, reliability and safety of the website are not significant at all. While the two dimensions of the goods value, the goods value personal perceived have a significant positive impact to the cluster willingness, but the positive effect of the dimension of social value of goods was not significant.(2) the scale of cluster of online consumers, the reduction of the cost, service quality perceived by the online retailers, had positive impact on their cluster willingness. The overcrowded market perceived by online retailers had negative effect on their cluster willingness. In additional, among the three dimensions of service quality, both decision support quality and task support quality had positive effects on the cluster willingness of online retailers, but the effects caused by the interface quality of the platform-type website which online retailers perceived was not significant.(3) Trading volume on the platform-type website, the knowledge spillover and the reduction in transaction costs that were perceived by third-party logistics service providers, had positive impact on their cluster willingness. The overcrowded market perceived by third-party logistics service providers had negative effect on their cluster willingness.(4) This study analyzed the cluster growth model of the different subjects participating in the platform-type e-commerce by the perspective of business ecosystem. The results show that the growth model of the online consumers group is exponential growth model which is density-independent, like 'J'. The growth model of the online retailers group is' Logistic1growth model which is density-dependent, like'S'. All factors that affected the cluster willingness of online consumers would impact the growth curve shaped by the instantaneous growth rate of the online consumers'growth model. The reduction of the cost, decision support quality and tasks support quality perceived by online retailers, would impact the growth curve shaped by the instantaneous growth rate of the online retailers and the scale of cluster of online consumers would impact the maximum environmental capacity of this model. The knowledge spillover and the reduction in transaction costs that were perceived by third-party logistics service providers would impact the growth curve shaped by the instantaneous growth rate of third-party logistics service providers. The environmental capacity of this model is limited by the scale of both online consumers and online retailers.(5) There are four possible trends of the cluster of platform-type e-commerce. First, when the instantaneous growth rate of the online consumers group is zero, the curve of the growth model of platform-type e-commerce cluster is the same as the'Logistic' model like'S'. Second, when the instantaneous growth rate of the online consumers group is less than zero, the cluster would present a short-term decrease and then ascend rapidly till it disintegrate. Third, when the instantaneous growth rate of the online consumers group is positive and higher than online retailers'the curve of the growth model of platform-type, the e-commerce cluster is the same as the density-independent, like'J'.Fourth, when the instantaneous growth rate of the online consumers group is positive and lower than online retailers'the curve of the growth model, the platform-type e-commerce cluster would be a unbounded growth curve and appeared in the "S" type evolution trend.(6) The platform-type e-commerce required the collaboration of different subjects. Each subject would concern its own benefit. So the speculation and the moral risk would be problems. In addition, due to the virtual characteristics of network, the failure of selling without subjective intention is also a problem. We could design the proper coordination mechanisms by the third-party strong symbiotic within the ecosystem of platform-type e-commerce to play its rule-making role. We could also introduce a new species in ecosystems of platform-type e-commerce, which would gain profit from compensating the damage of infringement to achieve a new equilibrium, and built up a mutually beneficial symbiosis between the infringement species and the new species. That would promote the healthy and coordinated development of the platform-type e-commerce cluster.
引文
1 数据来源：CNNIC第32次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》。
1 信息来源于行业内咨询顾问。
2 数据来源：瑞典互联网市场研究公司Royal Pingdom发布的《2011年全球互联网产业发展状况报告》。
3 数据来源：《第31次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》。
4 数据来源：两大网商“3.15”后削减广告,北京商报,2011年3月25日。
[1]王刊良.基于分类的企业电子商务模式创新方法[J].系统工程理论与实践.2003(3)：18-23
[2]Paul. H. Timmers. Business Models for Electronic Markets[J]. Electronic Markets,1998, V8(2):3-8
[3]Hartman Armir et al. Net ready:strategies for success in the economy[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill.2000
[4]Well P. & Vitale M. From Place to Space:Migrating to Atomic E-Business Models[M]. Boston:Harvard Business School Press.2001
[5]胡岗岚.平台型电子商务生态系统及其自组织机理研究[D].上海：复旦大学.2010
[6]Czamanski S. Study of Clustering of Industries Spatial Organization of industries [M]. Canada:Institute of Public Affairs, Dalhousie University.1974
[7]Porter M. E. On Competition [M]. US:Harvard Business School Press.1998
[8]OECD. Boosting Innovation:the Cluster Approach. OECD Proceedings. OECD. Paris. 1999
[9]UNIDO. Development of Clusters and Networks of SMEs-The UNIDO Programme[M]. Vienna:UNIDO.2001
[10]Rosenifeld S. A. Bringing Business Clusters into the Mainstream of Economic Development[J]. European Planning Studies.1997. V5(1):3-23
[11]Feser E. J. Old and New Theories of Industry Clusters[A]. Clusters and Regional Specialization:On Geography, Technology, and Networks[C]. Ed. M. Steiner. London:Pion. 1998.18-40
[12]Swann G. P. et al. The Dynamics of Industrial Clustering:International Comparisons in Computing and Biotechnology[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press.1998
[13]Braun E. et al. Growth Clusters in European Cities:An Integral Approach[J]. Urban Stud. 2001.V38(1):185-205
[14]Poter M. E. Clusters and the New Economics of Competition[J]. Harvard Business Review.1998. V76(6):77-91.
[15]Poter M. E. Location, Competition, and Economic Development:Local Clusters in a Global Economy[J]. Economic Development Quanerly.2000. V14(1):15-35
[16]Ellison G. & Glaeser E. Geographic Concentration in US Manufacturing Industries:A Dartboard Approach[J], Journal of Political Economy.1997. V105(5):889-927
[17]Ciccone A. Agglomeration effects in Europe[J]. European Economic Review.2002. V46(2):213-227
[18]Sweeney S. H. & Feser E. J. Plant Size and clustering of Manufacturing Activity[J]. Geographical Analysis.1998. V30(1):45-64
[19]Baptista R. & Swann P. Do Firms in Clusters Innovate More[J]? Research Policy.1998. V27(5):525-540
[20]Baptista R. Do Innovations Diffuse Faster Within Geographical Clusters[J]? International Journal of Industrial Organization.2000. V18(3):515-535
[21]Athreye S. Agglomeration and Growth:A Study of the Cambridge Hi-tech Cluster[EB\OL]. http://papers.ssrn.com/so13/papers.cfm7abstract id=302958.2001-06
[22]Ottaviano G. & Martin P. Growth and Agglomeration[J]. International Economic Review. 2001. V42(4):947-968
[23]Baldwin R. & Forslid R. The Core-periphery Model and Endogenous Growth:Stabilizing and De-stabilizing Integration[J]. Economica.2000. V67(267):307-324
[24]Fujita M. & Thisse J. F. Economics of Agglomeration:Cities, Industrial Location and Regional Growth [M]. UK:Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. MA.2002
[25]Paija L. ICT Cluster-the Engine of Knowledge-Driven growth in Finland[M]. Paris: OECD Publishing.2001
[26]Head K. et al. Agglomeration Benefits and Location choice:Evidence from Japanese manufacturing investments in the United States[J]. Journal of International Economics.1995. V38(3-4):223-247
[27]Smith D. F. & Florida R. Agglomeration and Industrial Location:An Econometric Analysis of Japanese-Affiliated Manufacturing Establishments in Automotive-Related Industries[J]. Journal of Urban Economics.1994. V36(1):23-41
[28]Guimaraes P. et al. Agglomeration and the Location of Foreign direct Investment in Portugal[J]. Journal of Urban Economics.2000. V47(1):115-135
[29]Rene B. & Martin C. The Location of Japanese Investments in China:Agglomeration Effects, Keiretsu, and Firm Heterogeneity[J]. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies.2002. V16(2):194-211
[30]Asheim B. T. Industrial Districts as'learning regions':A Condition for prosperity[J]? European Planning Studies.1996. V4(4):379-400
[31]Bagella M. & Becehetti L.'The Geographical Agglomeration-Private R&D Expenditure' Effect:Empirical Evidence on Italian data[J]. Economics of Innovation and New Technology. 2002. V11(3):233-247
[32]Pinch S. et al. From'Industrial Districts'to'Knowledge Clusters':A Model of Knowledge Dissemination and Competitive Advantage in Industrial Agglomeration[J]. Journal of Economic Geography.2003 V3(4):373-388
[33]Gilbert B. A. et al. Clusters, Knowledge Spillovers and New Venture Performanece:An Empirical Examination[J]. Journal of Business Venturing.2008. V23(4):405-422
[34]Cainelli G et al. Social Capital and Innovation Dynamics in District-based Local Systems[J]. The Journal of Socio-Economics.2007. V36(6):932-948
[35]Acs Z. J. & Varga A. Entrepreneurship, Agglomeration and Technological Change[J]. Small Business Economics.2005. V24(3):323-334
[36]Greenaway D. & Kneller R. Exporting, productivity and agglomeration[J]. European Economic Review.2008. V52(5):919-939
[37]Baldwin R. E. Agglomeration and Endogenous Capital[J]. European Economic Review. 1999. V43(2):253-280
[38]Lanaspa L. F. et al. The Public Sector and Core-Peripthery Models[J]. Urban Studies. 2001.V38(10):1639-1649
[39]Ades A. F. & Glaeser E. L. Trade and Circuses:Explaining Urban Giants[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics.1995. V110(1):195-227
[40]Hanson G. H. Economic Integration, Intraindustry Trade, and Frontier Regions[J]. European Economic Review.1996. V40(3-5):941-949
[41]Paluzie E. et al. Regional Integration and Specialization Patterns in Spain[J]. Regional Studies.2001. V35(4):285-296
[42]Faber B. Towards the Spatial Patterns of Sectoral Adjustments to Trade Liberalization: The Case of NAFTA in Mexico[J]. Growth and Change.2007. V38(4):567-594
[43]冼国明,文东伟.FDI、地区专业化与产业集聚[J].管理世界.2006(12)：18-31
[44]李铁立,曾坤生.一体化条件下边界区企业空间集聚：理论逻辑和实证分析[J].生产力研究.2006(2)：25-28
[45]殷小梅.台湾制造业投资大陆的产业集群分析[J].台湾研究集刊.2007(2)：40-49
[46]何雄浪等.我国产业集聚原因的探讨——基于区域效应、集聚效应、空间成本的新视角[J].南开经济研究.2007(6)：43-60
[47]王可侠.产业集聚中的交易成本约束——一个典型案例分析[J].上海经济研究.2007(11)：79-84
[48]贺灿飞,朱晟君.北京市劳动力结构和空间结构对其制造业地理集聚的影响[J].中国软科学.2007(11)：104-113
[49]李江,贺传皎.产业空间集聚发展的动力机制研究——以深圳市为例[J].城市规划.2008(9)：75-80
[50]申明浩等.中国汽车产业集群发展的影响因素分析[J].科技管理研究.2008(1)：216-223
[51]钱水土,江乐.浙江区域金融结构对产业集聚的影响研究——基于面板数据的实证分析[J].统计研究.2009(10)：62-67
[52]孙军.地区市场潜能、出口开放与我国工业集聚效应研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2009(7)：47-61
[53]刘新艳,何宏金.新兴产业空间集聚的动力机制分析[J].科技进步与对策.2011(5)：63-68
[54]张琰,郭英之.中国会议中心城市集聚影响因素的实证研究——基于经济地理和新经济地理的研究框架[J].旅游学刊.2008(8)：85-90
[55]杨春河,张文杰.基于交易效率的物流产业地理集聚分析[J].生产力研究.2008(8)：99-101
[56]褚劲风.上海创意产业空间集聚的影响因素分析[J].中国人口资源与环境.2009(2)：170-175
[57]李健.隐形知识传递对于我国创意产业集聚的影响[J].科学学与科学技术管理.2009(8)：113-117
[58]曹宝明,王晓清.区位选择视角下产业集群形成的微观机制分析[J].江苏社会科学. 2008(6)：89-93
[59]刘义圣,林其屏.产业集群的生成与运行机制研究[J].东南学术.2004(6)：130-138
[60]连远强.产业集聚过程中的羊群行为分析[J].科技进步与对策.2006(4)：98-101
[61]邱风,朱勋.电力短缺对浙江产业集聚影响的实证研究.2007(2)：158-162
[62]史征.电影产业规制与产业集聚耦合发展路径研究——美、印两国电影产业集聚发展的政府规制剖析与借鉴[J].科学经济社会.2012(3)：136-141
[63]王艳玲.区域物流整合与产业集聚联动发展[J].经济理论与经济管理.2011(11)：78-88
[64]卢杰.基于生态学的制造业产业集群共存互利的稳定性模型[J].统计与决策.2009(8)：161-164
[65]康胜.企业集群演化动力机制——基于向心力与离心力相互作用的分析[J].科技进步与对策.2004(12)：10-13
[66]王子龙等.企业集群共生演化模型及实证研究[J].中国管理科学.2006(2)：141-149
[67]蔡绍洪等.区域集群创新网络形成发展的演进机理及特征[J].贵州社会科学.2007(5)：4-10
[68]何奕,童牧.产业转移与产业集聚的动态与路径选择——基于长三角第二、第三类制造业的研究[J].宏观经济研究.2008(7)：50-58
[69]魏后凯.改革开放30年中国区域经济的变迁——从不平衡发展到相对均衡发展[J].经济学动态.2008(5)：9-17
[70]盖骁敏,张文娟.中国产业集聚发展演变趋势探讨——基于“中心外围”模型的分析[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2011(6)：32-40
[71]赵峰,姜德波.产业转移的诱因分析与趋势预测——以长三角为例[J].学术研究.2011(10)：61-67
[72]周兵,蒲勇健.一个基于产业集聚的西部经济增长实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2003(8)：143-148
[73]林柯,朱志明.西北地区制造业集聚及其对区域经济的增长效应——以甘肃省为例[J].软科学.2008(11)：43-48
[74]金成晓,李军睿.东北老工业基地产业集聚与民营经济的发展[J].当代经济研究.2004(12)：60-63
[75]陈建军,胡晨光.产业集聚的集聚效应——以长江三角洲次区域威力的理论和实证 分析[J].管理世界.2008(6)：68-80
[76]洪娟,谷永芬.城市群内产业集聚与区域经济发展——基于长三角25市动态面板数据的分析[J].江西社会科学.2012(3)：49-53
[77]崔远淼.FDI、本土企业集聚及经济增长效应——基于浙江县域面板数据的实证检验[J].国际贸易问题.2009(3)：52-61
[78]孙敬水,章迪平.浙江省流通产业集群与流通经济增长的实证研究——基于人力资本视角[J].中国流通经济.2009(1)：18-22
[79]钱水土,金娇.金融结构、产业集聚与区域经济增长：基于2000-2007年长三角地区面板数据分析[J].商业经济与管理.2010(4)：67-75
[80]王光玲,吴学花.中国制造业集聚对生产的贡献度检验[J].统计与决策.2008(17)：77-80
[81]朱英明.区域制造业规模经济、技术变化与全要素生产率——产业集聚的影响分析[J].2009(10)：3-19
[82]潘文卿,刘庆.中国制造业产业集聚与地区经济增长——基于中国工业企业数据的研究[J].清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2012(1)：137-149
[83]金荣学,许广月.现代服务业集聚效应与经济发展研究——基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析[J].财政研究.2009(11)：14-18
[84]姚凤阁等.服务业对区域经济增长影响的实证检验——基于1990-2008年中国三大经济圈城市面板数据[J].城市问题.2011(1)：57-62
[85]陈立泰,张祖妞.服务业集聚与区域经济增长的实证研究[J].山西财经大学学报.2010(10)：65-72
[86]仇怡,吴建军.国际贸易、产业集聚与技术进步——基于中国高技术产业的实证研究[J].科学学研究.2010(9)：1347-1354
[87]刘立云.中西部文化产业集群的区域竞争优势研究[J].中国软科学.2011(S2)：199-206
[88]徐晓月,支大林.吉林省农副产品加工产业集聚与经济增长关系研究[J].税务与经济.2011(6)：106-121
[89]秦建军等.产业地理集聚对产业成长的影响——基于中国农产品加工业的实证分析[J].农业技术经济.2010(1)：104-112
[90]洪娟,廖信林.长三角城市群内制造业集聚与经济增长的实证研究——基于动态而 板数据一阶差分广义矩方法的分析[J].中央财经大学学报.2012(4)：85-61
[91]闫逢柱,乔娟.产业集聚一定有利于产业成长吗?——基于中国制造业的实证分析[J].经济评论.2010(5)：63-72
[92]易将能等.区域创新网络演化的阶段性研究[J].科研管理.2005(5)：24-29
[93]梁启华.跨国公司的技术关联效应与产业集聚[J].经济管理.新管理.2005(10)：12-19
[94]吕强.产业集聚背景下的企业网络化集群式创新[J].科技管理研究.2007(6)：22-25
[95]林健,曹静.论产业集群中的知识溢出与知识共享[J].统计与决策.2007(14)：56-57
[96]赵春华,魏晓平.产业集聚中企业技术创新扩散影响因素分析[J].科技管理研究.2008(3)：31-34
[97]曹休宁,戴振.产业集聚环境中的企业合作创新行为分析[J].经济地理.2009(8)：1323-1328
[98]张萃.产业集聚与创新：命题梳理与微观机制分析[J].科学管理研究.2010(3)：1-4
[99]徐君.产业集聚与企业集团集群式创新的协助效应[J].科学管理研究.2010(6)：8-12
[100]张秀武等.产业集群与技术创新——基于中国高技术产业的实证检验[J],2008(7)：534-538
[101]宋燕平,王艳荣.面向农业产业集聚发展的技术进步效应分析[J],科学学研究.2009(7)：1005-1011
[102]周明,李宗植.基于产业集聚的高技术产业创新能力研究[J],科研管理,2011(1)：15-23
[103]王锐淇等.我国区域产业分布特征与区域创新能力关系探析[J],科技进步与对策.2011(6)：31-38
[104]吕宏芬,刘思敖.R&D投入、产业集聚与浙江区域创新效应分析[J],浙江学刊.2011(5)：196-202
[105]郑海涛.产业集聚影响企业技术创新绩效的机理研究——基于广东产业集群案例和458家企业数据的实证研究[J].中国科技论坛.2011(10)：55-63
[106]颜克益等.产业集聚视角下高技术产业创新绩效的影响因素研究——基于中国省际面板数据(1998～2007)的研究[J].经济与管理研究.2010(12)：57-68
[107]强健,梅强.产业集聚与创新的互动关系及实证研究[J].科技管理研究.2010(10)：6-7
[108]曹玉平.出口贸易、产业空间集聚与技术创新——基于20个细分制造行业面板数据的实证研究[J].经济与管理研究.2012(9)：73-83
[109]李平,盛丹.产业集聚、FDI技术溢出与东道国的自主创新[J].社会科学战线.2009(1)：92-100。
[110]毕红毅,张海洋.产业集聚对山东省FDI技术溢出的影响研究[J].国际贸易问题.2012(4)：73-83
[111]葛立成.产业集聚与城市化的地域模式——以浙江省为例[J],中国工业经济.2004(1)：56-63
[112]苏雪串.城市化进程中的要素集聚、产业集群和城市群发展[J],中央财经大学学报.2004(1)：49-53
[113]徐维祥等.产业集群与工业化、城镇化互动发展模式研究[J].经济地理.2005(6)：868-873
[114]朱智文.基于产业集聚的城市化和城市化过层中的产业集聚[J].开发研究.2006(6)：45-49。
[115]罗洪群,肖丹.产业集聚支撑的川渝城市群发展研究[J].软科学.2008(12)：102-106
[116]李清均,田也壮.产业集聚与中心城市发展的关联度[J].改革.2008(11)：44-53
[117]刘湘辉等.中小企业集群与城镇化的耦合发展[J].统计与决策.2008(21)：167-168
[118]陆根尧等.基于典型相关分析的产业集群与城市化互动发展研究：以浙江省为例[J].2011(12)：101-110
[119]张芸等.产业集聚对大都市区空间结构演变的影响机制——以北京大都市区为例[J].地域研究与开发.2009(5)：6-13
[120]张芳霞等.银川市产业集聚与城市空间结构优化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境.2011(2)：34-40
[121]王克婴,张翔.文化产业集聚对国际创意大都市空间结构重构的影响[J].2012(12)：88-94
[122]陈随军,王雅芬.产业集聚与小城镇可持续发展——以小城镇工业废水的综合治理为例[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2000(8)：24-27
[123]王崇锋,张吉鹏.制造业产业集聚对生态城市建设影响的定量研究——基于CR-4指数的实证研究[J].中国人口资源与环境.2009(4)：140-145
[124]杨丹萍.论产业集群与区域国际竞争力[J].中国流通经济.2004(5)：41-45
[125]杨丹萍,毛江楠.产业集聚与对外贸易国际竞争力的相关性研究——基于中国15个制造业变系数面板数据的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题.2011(1)：20-29
[126]鲍丽娜.民营经济集群发展与竞争力提升[J].山西财经大学学报.2005(12)：49-53
[127]李莎,刘思峰.江苏省IT产业集聚对竞争力的影响[J].统计与决策.2006(19)：96-99
[128]孙中叶.集群式创新与区域竞争力提升的耦合机理分析[J].经济经纬.2006(5)：68-71
[129]徐光瑞.中国高技术产业集聚与产业竞争力——基于5大行业的灰色关联分析[J].中国科技论坛.2010(8)：47-53
[130]胡峰.动漫产业的集聚优势与区域竞争：自杭州观察[J].改革2010(2)：55-63
[131]张翠梅.区域集聚产业竞争力评价指标体系研究[J].经济问题.2007(8)：25-26
[132]罗茜等.北京市“两带”产业集聚竞争力评价[J].科技进步与对策.2009(24)：42-47
[133]孙慧等.基于AHP的新疆黑色能源产业集群竞争力评价[J].软科学.2011(2)：84-89
[134]俞毅.论我国中小企业国际竞争优势的构建战略[J].财贸经济.2003(7)：73-80
[135]鲍永安.依托软件产业集聚增强区域竞争力[J].学术界.2006(1)：204-210
[136]石大立,叶玉琴.以产业集群发展提升林业经济竞争力——福建莆田案例分析[J].林业经济.2007(7)：35-39
[137]王韶辉,宋敏.基于产业集聚的国家工程中心核心竞争力研究[J].科技管理研究.2009(2)：183-186
[138]梁琦.中国工业的区位基尼系数——兼论外商直接投资对制造业集聚的影响[J].统计研究.2003(9)：21-26
[139]祖强,孙军.跨国公司FDI对我国产业集聚和产业升级的影响[J].2005(5)：28-33
[140]吴丹丹,谢建国.FDI对产业集群作用的实证研究——以江苏省制造业产业集群为例[J].世界经济研究.2007(6)：54-64
[141]盖骁敏.外商直接投资分布与我国制造业产业集聚的关系分析[J].经济纵横.2012(4)：73-78
[142]方勇,张二震.长江三角洲地区外商直接投资与地区经济发展[J].中国工业经济.2002(5)：55-63
[143]韩剑等.外商直接投资地区集聚效应的实证研究[J].2005(3)：100-106
[144]程旭志,王怡文.我国产业集聚与外国直接投资的关联分析[J],统计与决策.2007(12)：83-86
[145]潘玉璋,陈琴.产业集聚效应对FDI的影响分析及政策探讨——以广州南沙集装箱制造项目聚集南沙临港产业为例[J].科技进步与对策.2009(7)：70-73
[146]陶凌云,赵增耀.FDI与产业集群互动机制的分析——基于上海和江苏的例证[J].开发研究.2009(4)：63-70
[147]苏李,臧日宏.FDI与产业集聚的互动——中国农产品加工视角[J].财经科学.2010(5)：85-93
[148]李娟,王菲.外商直接投资与产业集聚的形成——基于中国的实证分析[J].经济经纬.2011(5)：66-71
[149]王硕.FDI与中国服务业集聚的发展——基于行业层面数据的分析[J].国际经济合作.2012(5)：35-41
[150]孙浦阳等.产业集聚对外商直接投资的影响分析——基于服务业与制造业的比较研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2012(9)：40-58
[151]Huff D.L. Defining and Estimating a Trade Area[J]. Journal of Marketing.1964. V28(3):34-38
[152]Oppewal H & Holyoake B. Bundling and Retail Agglomeration Effects on Ahopping Behavior[J]. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.2004. VI 1(2):61-74
[153]Teller C. et al. Place Marketing and Urban Retail Agglomerations:An Examination of Shoppers'Place Attractiveness Perceptions[J]. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy.2010. V6(2):124-133
[154]Stine J. H. Temporal Aspects of Tertiary Production Elements in Korea[M], In:Pitts F. R. ed. Urban Systems and Economic Development.1962
[155]Reginald & Rajagruru. Does Small Store Location Matter? A Test of Three Classic Theories of Retail Location[J]. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship.2008. V21(4): 477-492
[156]Brown S. A Perceptual Approach to Retail Agglomeration[J]. Area.1987. V19(2): 131-140
[157]Illeris S. The Service Economy:A Geography Approach[M]. John Wiley & Stons. Chichester.1996
[158]Churchill G. A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs[J]. Journal of Marketing Research.1979. V16(1):64-73
[159]Oppewal H. et al. A Multipurpose Shopping Trip Model to Assess Retail Agglomeration Effects[J]. Journal of Marketing Research.2005. V42(1):109-115
[160]Nevin J. R. & Houston M. J. Image as a Component of Intra-urban Shopping Areas[J]. Journal of Retailing.1980. V56(1):77-93
[161]Prendergast G. et al. Retailers Views of Shopping Centres:a Comparision of Tenants and Non-tennants[J]. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.1998. V26(4):162-171
[162]Babin B J. et al. Work or Fun:Measuring Hedonic and Utilitarian Shopping Value[J]. Journal of Consumer Research 1994. V20(4):644-656\
[163]Bacon R. W. Combined Trips and the Frequency of Shopping[J]. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.1995. V2(3):175-183
[164]Reinartz W. J. & Kumar V. Store, Market and Consumer Characteristics:the Drivers of the Store Performance[J]. Marketing Letters.1999. V10(1):5-23
[165]Wong G. et al.'SCATTR:an Instrument for Measuring Shopping Cetre Attraciveness'. International Journal of Retail & Distrubution Management.2001. V29(2):76-86
[166]Kim Y. K. Consumer Value:an Application to Mall and Internet Shoppling[J], International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.2002.30(11-12):595-602
[167]Reimers V. & V. Clulow. Retail Concentration:a Comparison of Spatial Convenience in Shopping Strips and Shopping Centres[J]. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.2004. V11(4):207-221
[168]Dennis C. Objects of Desire:Consumer Behaviour in Shopping Centre Choices[M]. Basingstoke:Palgrave Macmillan.2005
[169]Teller C. & T. Reutter. The Evolving Concept of Retail Attractiveness:What Makes Retail Agglomerations Attractive When Customer Shop at Them? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.2008. V15(3):127-143
[170]蒋三庚.论商业集聚[J].北京工商大学学报(社会科学版).2005(3)：1-4
[171]吴小丁.郊外型购物中心的理论解释[J].商业时代.2006(7)：9-11
[172]魏剑锋.商业集群的聚集效应——基于消息学视角的分析[J].当代经济科学.2006(11)：93-96
[173]彭继增.商业集群概念、类型及其运行规律[J].中国流通经济.2010(7)：69-72
[174]彭继增.基于产业集群理论的商业集群分析：一个关于商业企业选址模型的构造[J].金融与经济.2006(11)：53-55
[175]彭继增.基于空间经济理论的商业集群运行机理[J].经济体制改革.2008(4)：145-148
[176]尹德洪.分工演进、交易效率与商业集群——基于新兴古典经济学框架的分析[J].财经科学.2011(8)：36-43
[177]杜霞.论商业集聚的弹性和有限性[J].商业时代.2008(23)：15-23
[178]尹德洪.生物进化、种群生态学及商业集群[J].中国流通经济.2012(1)：53-57
[179]武云亮.我国商业集群的模式及其发展趋势[J].生产力研究.2004(1)：146-148
[180]唐红涛.商业空间集聚形成与演化发展研究[J].经济经纬.2011(2)：50-54
[181]夏春玉.城市零售流通系统的空间竞争结构及其变化[J].商业经济与管理.2005(10)：3-9
[182]赵晓民等.商业聚集经济性推动与消费需求拉动的耦合分析[J].管理现代化.2007(5)：43-45
[183]符宁.商业企业集聚的竞争优势分析[J].商业现代化.2008(7)：54-55
[184]彭继增等.商业集群、第三产业空间演化与经济发展——基于浙江省数据的实证分析[J].商业经济与管理.2010(11)：11-18
[185]王艳红、方淑芬.商业企业集聚体声誉对消费者购买行为影响的研究[J].管理世界.2007(7)：162-163
[186]杨宇帆,欧书田.商业集聚印象对消费者惠顾意向的影响研究[J].管理评论.2009(5)：42-51
[187]赵晓民等.从购买风险感知理论解释商业集聚对店铺印象的影响[J].商业经济与管理.2011(2)：5-13
[188]武云亮,唐敏.我国中小商业企业集群创新研究[J].经济管理.2007(20)：77-82
[189]蒋三庚.中国主要CBD现代服务业集聚发展对策研究[J].首都经贸大学学报.2010(4)：22-28
[190]邱小平.商品流通企业的集群化发展——以广州市为例[J].中国流通经济. 2011(3)：79-83
[191]French D. P. et al. The Importance of Affective Beliefs and Attitudes in the Theory of Planned Behavior:Predicting Intention to Increase Physical Activity[J]. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.2005. V35(9):182-184
[192]Breckler S. J. & Wiggins E. C. Affect Versus Evaluation in the Structure of Attitudes[J]. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.1989. V25(3):253-271
[193]Crites S. L. et al. Measuring the Affective and Cognitive Properties of Attitudes: Conceptual and Methodological Issues[J]. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.1994. V20(6):619-634
[194]Manstead A. S. R. & Parker D. Evaluating and Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior[J]. European Review of Social Psychology.1995. V6(1):69-95
[195]Vander Pligt J. et al. Affect, attitudes, and Decisions:Let's be More Specific[J]. European Review of Social Psychology.1998. V8(1):33-66
[196]Godin G. Importance of the Emotional Aspect of Attitude to Predict Intention[J]. Psychological Reports.1987. V61(3):719-723
[197]Lowe R. et al. The Influence of Affective and Instrumental Beliefs on Exercise Intentions and Behavior:A Longitudinal Analysis[J]. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 2002.V32(6):1241-1252
[198]Cialdini R. B. et al. A Focus Theory of Normative Conduct[J]. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology.1991. V24(20):201-234
[199]Conner M. & McMillan B. Interaction Effects in the Theory of Planned Behavior: Studying Cannabis Use[J]. British Journal of Social Psychology.1999. V38(2):195-222
[200]Sheeran P. et al. Evidence that Intentions Based on Attitudes Better Predict Behavior than Intentions Based on Subjective Norms[J]. European Journal of Social Psychology.1999. V29(2-3):403-406
[201]Rivis A. & Sheeran P. Descriptive Norms as an Additional Predictor in the Theory of Planned Behavior:A Meta-Analysis[J]. Current Psychology.2003. V22(3):218-233
[202]Fishbein M. & Ajzen I. Belief, Attitude, Intention, Behavior[M]. Addision-Wesley. Reading. MA.1975
[203]Warshaw P. R. & Davis F. D. Disentangling Behavioral Intention and Behavioral Expectation[J]. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.1985. V21(3):3-22
[204]Sheppard B. H. et al. The Theory of Reasoned Action:A meta-analysis of Past Research with Recommendations for Modifications and Future research[J]. Journal of Consumer Research.1988. V15(3):325-343
[205]Bagozzi R. P. et al. Cultural and Situational Contingencies and the Theory of Reasoned Action:Application to Fast Food Restaurant Consumption[J]. Journal of Consumer Psychology.2000. V9(2):97-106
[206]郑希付.心理场理论[J].湖南师范大学社会科学学报.2000(2)：75-80
[207]关培兰,罗东霞.女性创业者积极心理资本与创业发展.经济管理.2009(8)：81-89
[208]Strauss A. & Corbin J. Basic of Qualitative Research:Grounded Theory Procedures & Techniques[M]. Thous & Oaks. CA:Sage.1990
[209]Pandit N. R. The Creation of Theory:A Recent Application of the Grounded Theory Method[J]. The Qualitative Report.1996. V2(4):1-14
[210]陈蓓蕾.基于网络信任理论的消费者在线口碑传播实证研究[D].杭州：浙江大学.2008
[211]Williamson O. E. The Economics of Organization:The Transaction Cost Approach[J]. American Journal of Sociology.1981. V87(3):548-577
[212]Bakos J. Y. Reducing Buyer Search Costs:Implications for Electronic Marketplaces[J]. Management Socience.1997. V43(12):1676-1693
[213]圣炜,黄桐城,中介参与下信息搜寻成本三方对策模型研究[J].情报杂志.2005(7)：26-29
[214]Downs A. A Theory of Consumer Efficiency[J]. Journal of Retailing.1961. V37(1): 6-12
[215]Thompson D. L. Consumer Convenience and Retail Area Structure[J]. Journal of Marketing Research.1967. V4(1):37-44
[216]Hotelling H. Stability in Competition[J]. Economic Journal.1929. V39:41-57
[217]Nevin J. R. & M. J. Houston Image as a Component of Attraction to interurban Shopping Areas[J]. Journal of Retailing.1980. V56(spring):77-93
[218]Eaton B. C. & R. G. Lipsey. An Economic Theory of Central Places[J]. Economic Journal.1982. V92(365):56-72
[219]Ingene C. A. Temporal Influences upon Spatial Shopping Behavior of Consumers[A]. Papers of the Regional Science Association.1984. V54(1):71-87
[220]West D. S. et al. Tests of Intraurban central place theories[J]. The Economic Journal. 1985.V95(377):101-117
[221]Zeithaml V. A. Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality and Value:A Means-End Model and Synthesis of Evidence[J]. Journal of Marketing.1988. V52(3):2-22
[222]Monroe K. B. Pricing:making profitable decisions[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill.1990
[223]Gale B. T. Managing Customer Value:Creating Quality and Service That Customer Can See[M]. New York:The Free Press.1994
[224]武永红,范秀成.顾客价值导向的企业竞争力及其提升策略[J].中国流通经济.2004(11)：50-53
[225]刘合友,冷明月.顾客感知价值导向的服务业核心竞争力的构建[J].黑龙江对外经贸.2006(9)：68-74
[226]Dodds et al. The Effects of Price, Brand, and Store Information on Buyers'Product Evaluations[J]. Journal of Marketing Research.1991. V28(3):307-319
[227]Cronin J. et al. Assessing the Effects of Quality, Value and Customer Satisfaction on Consumer Behavioral Intentions in Service Environments[J]. Journal of Retailing.2000. V76(2):193-216
[228]白长虹,刘炽.服务企业的顾客忠诚及其决定因素研究[J].南开管理评论.2002(6)：64-69
[229]Bloemer J. et al. Investigating Drivers of Bank Loyalty:The Complex Relationship between Image, Service Quality and Satisfaction [J]. International Joumal of Bank Marketing.1998. V16(7):276-286
[230]Boulding W. et al. A Dynamic Proeess Model of Service Quality:From Expectation to Behavioral Intentions[J]. Journal of Marketing Research.1993. V30(1):7-27
[231]陆娟等.服务忠诚及其驱动因素：基于银行业的实证研究[J].管理世界.2006(8)：94-103
[232]Ruyter K. D. & Bloemer J. Customer Loyalty in Extended Service Settings[J]. International Journal of Service Industry Management.1999. V10(3):320-336
[233]Zeithaml V. A. et al. E-service Quality:Definitions, Dimensions and Conceptual Model [D]. USA:Cambridge.2000
[234]Parasuraman A. et al. SERVQUAL:A Multiple Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality[J]. Journal of retailing.1988. V64(1):12-40
[235]Mark B. K. et al. A Services-marketing Perspective on E-retailing:Implications for E-retailers and Directions for Further Research[J]. Internet Research:Electronic Networking Applications and Policy.2000. V10(5):424-438
[236]Peter H. et al. E-service Quality in Libraries:Exploring its Features and Dimensions[J]. Library & Information Science Research.2005. V27(3):377-404
[237]申文果等.网络企业服务质量的测量及其影响的实证研究[J].管理科学.2007(01)：38-45
[238]Van Riel et al. Exploring Consumer Evaluations of E-services:A Portal Site[J]. International Journal of Service Industry Management.2001. V12(4):359-377
[239]Gefen D. Customer loyalty in e-commerce[J]. Journal of the Association for Information Systems.2002. V3(1):27-51
[240]Joel E. Collier & Carol C. Bienstock. Measuring Service Quality in E-Retailing[J]. Journal of Service Research.2006. V8(3):260-275
[241]Eduard Cristobal. Perceived E-service Quality (PeSQ)-Measurement Validation and Effects on Consumer Satisfaction and Website Loyalty[J]. Managing Service Quality.2007. V17(3):317-340
[242]Hans H. Bauer et al. eTransQual:A transaction Process-based Approach for Capturing Service Quality in Online Shopping[J]. Journal of Business Research.2006. V59(7):866-875
[243]Wolfinbarger M. & Gilly M. C. eTailQ Dimensionalizing, Measuring And Predicting Etail Quality[J]. Journal of Retailing.2003. V79(3):183-198
[244]Parasuraman A. et al. E-S-Qual:A Multiple-item Scale for Assessing Electronic Service Quality[J]. Journal of Service Research.2005. V7(3):213-233
[245]Bauer H. H. et al. eTransQual:A Transaction Process-Based Approach for Capturing Service Quality in Online Shopping[J]. Journal of Business Researeh.2006. V59(7):866-875
[246]Arndt J. Word of Mouth Advertising:A Review of the Literature[J]. New York: Advertising Research Federation.1967
[247]RINDOV A. V. P.Managing Reputation:Pursuing Every Day Excellence:The Image Cascade and the Formation of Corporate Reputations[J]. Corporate Reputation Review.1997. VI (2):188-226
[248]HALL R. The Strategic Analysis of Intangible Resources[J]. Strategic Management Journal.1992. V13(6):135-144
[249]Kauer V. Icreasing Customer Satisfaction [M]. United States Office of Consumer Affairs. Pueblo. Co.1992.
[250]Bettman E. et al. A Componential Analysis of Cognitive Effort in Choice[J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.1990. V45(2):111-139
[251]Engel J. F. et al. How Information is Used to Adopt an Innovation[J]. Journal of Advertising Research.1969. V9(12):350-362
[252]Gelb B. & Johnson M. Word of Mouth Communication:Causes and Consequences[J]. Journal of Health Care Marketing.1995. V15(3):54-58
[253]Buttle F. A. Word of Mouth:Understanding and Managing Referral Marketing[J]. Journal of Strategic Marketing.1998. V6(3):241-254
[254]Lafferty B A, Goldsmith R E. Corporate Credibility's Role in Consumers'Attitudes and Purchase Intentions When a High Versus a Low Credibility Endorser is Used in the ad[J]. Journal of Business Research.1999. V44(2):109-116
[255]王广伟.企业声誉对顾客认同的影响研究[D].杭州：浙江大学.2008
[256]王艳红,方淑芬.商业企业集聚体声誉对消费者购买行为影响的研究[J].管理世界.2007(7)：162-163
[257]Brown S. Tenant mix, Tenant Placement and Shopper Behaviour in a Plannel Shopping Centre[J]. The Service Industries Journal.1992. V12(3):384-403
[258]Cymrot A. A. et al. How to Invest in Office Buildings and Shopping Centers[J]. Real Estate Review.1982. V12(2):75-82
[259]Kirkup M. & Rafiq M. Managing Tenant Mix in New Shopping Centres[J]. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.1994. V22(6):29-38
[260]陈亚诗著.购物中心主力商店吸引力与人潮分享之研究[D].台湾：元智大学.2003
[261]Beddington N. Shopping Centres, Retail Development, Design and Management[M]. Butter worth Architecture.1991
[262]Abratt R. et al. Tenant Mix:the Key to a Successful Shopping Centre[J]. Quarterly Review of Marketing.1985.10(3):19-26
[263]Lewis P. Creating That Magical Mix[M]. Shop Property.1987
[264]Nevin J R, Houston M J. Image as a component of attraction to intraurban shopping areas[M]. Graduate School of Business. University of Wisconsin-Madison.1980
[265]Nedo. The Future Pattern of Shopping[M]. London:National Economic Development Office.1971
[266]Tindale W. Restrictive User Clauses and Tenant Mix[M]. Shop Property.1980
[267]Teller C. et al.Hedonic and Utilitarian Shopper Types and Created Retail Agglomerations[J]. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research. 2008. V18(3):283-309
[268]Greenspan J. "Solving the Tenant Mix Puzzle in Your Shopping Center"[J]. Journal of Property Management.1987. V52(4):27-31
[269]黄文全.零售服务组合效果之研究一由业种互补与购物动机探讨之[D].台湾元智大学.2001
[270]谢政益.国内大型购物中心业种组合与楼层配置之研究[D].台湾：元智大学.2001
[271]Brown S. Tenant mix, tenant placement and shopper behaviour in a planned shopping centre[J]. Service Industries Journal.1992. V12(3):384-403
[272]Bacon R. W. Combined Trips and the Frequency of Shopping[J]. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.1995. V2(3):175-183
[273]Wakefield K. L. & Baker J. Excitement at the Mall:Determinants and Effects on Shopping Respense[J]. Journal of Retailing.1998. V74(4):513-539
[274]Berman B. & Evans J. R. Retail Management. New York:Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. 1995
[275]Lumpkin J. R. et al. Shopping Patterns of the Rural Consumer:Exploring the Relationship Between Shopping Orientations and Outshopping[J]. Journal of Business Research.1986. V14(1):63-81
[276]郭福斌.整体商店环境对多重价值知觉之影响[D].台北：国立高雄第一科技大学2003
[277]Oz. Shy. Industrial Organization:Theory and Applications[M]. Cambridge:Mass:MIT Press.1996
[278]施圣炜,黄桐城.中介参与下信息搜寻成本三方对策模型研究[J].情报杂志.2005(7)：26-29
[279]廖鹏,方云安.商品价格与信息搜寻成本关系研究[J].情报杂志.2005(7)：62-66
[280]吴必成.信息搜索成本、信息效用和贷款风险[J].经济体制改革.2005(3)：98-101
[281]毕博.影响消费者使用互联网搜索信息的因素——基于长春数码硬件消费者的实证研究[D].吉林：吉林大学.2008
[282]李琪,于珊珊.交易成本视角下B2C电子商务网络购物的感知风险研究[J].统计与信息论坛.2010(11)：101-106
[283]曹磊,张子刚.消费者感知搜索成本降低的影响因素及其结果[J].工业工程与管理.2011(6)：92-98
[284]Jepsen A. L. Factors Affecting Consumer Use of the Internet for Information Search[J]. Journal of Interactive Marketing.2007. V21(3):21-34
[285]Sheth J. N. et al. Why We Buy What We Buy:A Theory of Consumption Values[J]. Journal of Business Research.1991. V22(2):159-170
[286]Grewal D. et al. The Effects of Price-comparison Advertising on Buyers'Perceptions of Acquisition Value, Transaction Value and Behavioral Intentions[J]. Journal of Marketing. 1998. V62(2):46-59
[287]Parasuraman A. & Grewal D. The Impact of Technology on the Quality-Value-Loyalty Chain:A Research Agenda[J]. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science.2000. V28(1):168-174
[288]Sweeney J. C. & Soutar G. N. Consumer Perceived Value:The Development of A Multiple Item Scale[J]. Journal of Retailing.2001. V77(2):203-220
[289]Wang Y. et al. An Integrated Framework for Customer Value and Customer-relationship-management Performance:A Customer-based Perspective from China[J]. Managing Service Quality.2004.14(2-3):169-182
[290]闵梅梅.顾客感知价值各维度与顾客行为、产品外部属性的影晌关系研究[D],长沙：中南大学.2007
[291]Petrick James F. Development of Multi-Dimensional Scale for Measuring the Perceived Value of a Service. Journal of Leisure Research.2002. V34(2):119-134
[292]范艺潇.C2C模式中声誉与口碑对信任和购买意向影响的实证研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学.2009
[293]张诚.网络口碑、感知价值对品牌忠诚的影响[D].南昌：江西财经大学.2011
[294]Liu Y. Word of Mouth for Movies:Its Dynamics and Impact on Box Office Revenue[J]. Journal of Marketing.2006. V70(3):74-89
[295]郑小平.在线评论对网络消费者购买决策影响的实证研究[D].北京：中国人民大学.2008
[296]马正风.网络口碑、品牌形象与消费者购买意愿关系研究[D].南京：南京师范大学.2012
[297]杨光.网络口碑对大学生购买意愿影响的实证研究[D].武汉：湖北工业大学.2012
[298]Melody L. A. L. et al. Expanding the Loyalty Concept to Include Preference for a Shopping Mall[J]. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and consumer Research. 2002.V12(3):225-236
[299]王德平.消费者对大型购物中心环境与业种组合的认识及相关研究[D].广州：暨南大学,2007
[300]Hotelling H. Stability in Competition[J]. Economic Journal.1929. V39:41-57
[301]田村正纪著.吴小丁、王丽译.流通原理[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2007
[302]尹德洪.商业集聚的经济学分析[J].财经科学.2011(2)：53-60
[303]武云亮.我国中小商业企业集群的演化机制分析[J].技术经济.2007(4)：6-11
[304]艾斌.企业迁移决策模型研究[D].长沙：长沙理工大学.2006
[305]张亚.商务成本变动视角下企业迁移动因研究.上海：华东大学.2012
[306]Caniels M. C. Knowledge Spillovers and Economic Growth:Regional Growth Differentials Across Europe[M]. Northampton, Massachusetts:Edward Elgar.2000
[307]Fallah M H, Ibrahim S. Knowledge Spillover and Innovation in Technological Clusters[C]. Proceedings, IAMOT 2004 Conference. Washington, DC.2004
[308]Audretsch L. & Feldman. R&D Spillovers and the Georaphy of Innovation and Production[J]. American Economic Review.1996. V86(3):253-273
[309]Feldman M. P. & Audretsch D. Innovation in Cities:Science-based Diversity, Specialization and Localized Competition[J]. European Economic Review.1999. V43(2): 409-429
[310]Keely C. Exchanging Good Ideas[J]. Journal of Economic Theory.2003. V111(2): 192-213
[311]Berliant M. et al. Knowledge Exchange, Matching, and Agglomeration[J]. Journal of Urban Economics.2006. V60(1):69-95
[312]Forni M. & Paba S. Knowledge Spillovers and the Growth of Local Industries. Journal of Industrial Econoomics.2002. V50(2):V151-171
[313]Jun K. Agglomeration and Spillovers in a Simultaneous Framework[J]. Annals of Regional Science.2005. V39(1):35-47
[314]Jun K. Technology Spillovers, Agglomeration, and Regional Economic Development[J]. Journal of Planning Literature.2005. V20(2):99-115
[315]Delone W. H. & Mclean E. R. Information System Success:The Quest for the Dependent Variable[J]. Information System Research.1992. V3(1):60-95
[316]Garrity E. D. & Sanders G L. Dimensions of Information Systems Success[J]. Information System Success Measurement Idea Group Publishing, Hershey, PA,1998, 2(3es):13-45.
[317]Molla A. & Licker P. S. E-commerce System Success:An Attempt to Extend and Respecify the Delone and Mclean model of IS Success[J]. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research.2001. V2(4):131-141
[318]Garrity E. D. et al. An Experimental Investigation of Web-based Information Systems Suceess in the Context of Electronic Commerce[J]. Decision Support Systems.2005. V39(3): 485-503
[319]Jaffe A. B. Technological Opportunity and Spillovers of R & D:Evidence from Finns' Patents[J]. The American Economic Review.1986. V76(5):984-1001
[320]王燕.区域科技型人才聚集下的知识溢出效应研究[D].青岛：山东科技大学.2010
[321]王国红.知识溢出和产业集群中企业学习研究[D].大连：大连理工大学.2007
[322]张扬.社会资本和知识溢出对产业集群升级的影响研究[D].吉林：吉林大学管理学院.2009
[323]金勇彬.基于新经济地理学的长三角经济集聚机制和意义研究[D].杭州：浙江大学.2010
[324]张鹏,丘萍.空间经济学视角下的区域间水平溢出机制研究[J].华东理工大学学报(社会科学版).2012(2)：52-62
[325]王秀海.浙江省制造业集聚与集聚拥挤效应研究[J].商业时代.2010(8)：144-145
[326]Weber Alfred. Theory of the Location of Industries[M]. Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.1909
[327]孙洛平,孙海琳.产业集聚的交易费用模型[J].经济评论.2006(4)：111-117
[328]杨小凯,黄有光.专业化与经济组织——一种新兴古典微观经济学框架[M].北京：经济科学出版社.1999
[329]谢里.制度安排与产业集聚：理论与经验研究[D].长沙：湖南大学.2009
[330]白积洋.中国制造业集聚机制再研究——基于内生交易成本视角[J].科学决策.2012(10)：18-78
[331]Wallis J. & North D. C. Measuring the Transaction Sector in the American Economy 1870-1970[D]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.1988
[332]Ghertman Michel. Measuring Macro-economic Transaction Cost:A Comparative Perspective and Possible Policy Implication[R]. Paris:ISNIEPaper.1998
[333]Dolley Brian & Wi Ho Leong. Measuring the Transaction of the Australian Economy: 1911-1991[J]. Australian Economy History Review.1998. V38(3):207-229
[334]Sulejewicz A, Graca P. Measuring the Transaction Sector in the Polish Economy, 1996-2002[M].9th Annual Conference of International Society for New Institutional Economics. Barcelona.2005
[335]缪仁炳,陈志昂.中国交易费用与经济增长关系的实证分析[J].统计研究.2002(8)：9-13
[336]金玉国.中国交易费用水平的地区差异及其形成机制[J].当代财经.2005(6)：5-9
[337]劳泰艳.中国宏观交易成本变动分析.西安：西北大学.2007
[338]Bamhart and Rosenstein. Board Compensation, Managerial Ownership, and Firm Performance:An Empirical Analysis. The Financial Review,1998:Vol.33:1-16.
[339]Gabre-Madhin E Z. Market Institutions:Transaction Costs and Social Capital in the Ethiopian Grain Market[M]. Free downloads from IFPRI.2001
[340]钟富国.交易成本对经济表现之影响：两岸三地之比较[D].高雄：“国立”中山大学大陆研究所.2003
[341]赵红军.交易效率：衡量一国交易成本的新视角[J].上海经济研究.2005(11)：3-14
[342]郑丽凤.电子商务环境下交易成本对购买意愿的影响分析[D].无锡：江南大学.2009
[343]彭帅.基于交易成本理论的骨科网上购买意愿影响因素研究[D].广州：华南理工大学.2011
[344]肖伟.基于交易成本的我国第三方物流交易模式的选择研究[D].兰州：兰州理工大学.2008
[345]杜国柱,王博涛.商业生态系统与自然生态系统的比较研究[J].北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版).2007(10)：34-39
[346]Peltoniemi M, Vuori E. Business Ecosystem as the New Approach to Complex Adaptive Business Environments[J]. Frontiers of E-business Research.2004:267-281
[347]胡岗岚等.电子商务生态系统及其演化路径[J].经济管理.2009(6)：110-116
[348]胡岗岚等.电子商务生态系统及其协调机制研究——以阿里巴巴集团为例[J].软科学.2009(9)：5-10
[349]刘学理.电子商务生态系统风险评价研究[J].商业时代.2011(30)：43-44
[350]付媛.我国产业集聚研究现状及特征——基于元分析方法[J].未来与发展.2013(6)：76-81
[351]付媛.平台型电子商务服务链网结构特征及协调机制研究[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2013(2)：103-107
1 信息来源于行业内咨询顾问。
2 数据来源：瑞典互联网市场研究公司Royal Pingdom发布的《2011年全球互联网产业发展状况报告》。
3 数据来源：《第31次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》。
4 数据来源：两大网商“3.15”后削减广告,北京商报,2011年3月25日。
[1]王刊良.基于分类的企业电子商务模式创新方法[J].系统工程理论与实践.2003(3)：18-23
[2]Paul. H. Timmers. Business Models for Electronic Markets[J]. Electronic Markets,1998, V8(2):3-8
[3]Hartman Armir et al. Net ready:strategies for success in the economy[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill.2000
[4]Well P. & Vitale M. From Place to Space:Migrating to Atomic E-Business Models[M]. Boston:Harvard Business School Press.2001
[5]胡岗岚.平台型电子商务生态系统及其自组织机理研究[D].上海：复旦大学.2010
[6]Czamanski S. Study of Clustering of Industries Spatial Organization of industries [M]. Canada:Institute of Public Affairs, Dalhousie University.1974
[7]Porter M. E. On Competition [M]. US:Harvard Business School Press.1998
[8]OECD. Boosting Innovation:the Cluster Approach. OECD Proceedings. OECD. Paris. 1999
[9]UNIDO. Development of Clusters and Networks of SMEs-The UNIDO Programme[M]. Vienna:UNIDO.2001
[10]Rosenifeld S. A. Bringing Business Clusters into the Mainstream of Economic Development[J]. European Planning Studies.1997. V5(1):3-23
[11]Feser E. J. Old and New Theories of Industry Clusters[A]. Clusters and Regional Specialization:On Geography, Technology, and Networks[C]. Ed. M. Steiner. London:Pion. 1998.18-40
[12]Swann G. P. et al. The Dynamics of Industrial Clustering:International Comparisons in Computing and Biotechnology[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press.1998
[13]Braun E. et al. Growth Clusters in European Cities:An Integral Approach[J]. Urban Stud. 2001.V38(1):185-205
[14]Poter M. E. Clusters and the New Economics of Competition[J]. Harvard Business Review.1998. V76(6):77-91.
[15]Poter M. E. Location, Competition, and Economic Development:Local Clusters in a Global Economy[J]. Economic Development Quanerly.2000. V14(1):15-35
[16]Ellison G. & Glaeser E. Geographic Concentration in US Manufacturing Industries:A Dartboard Approach[J], Journal of Political Economy.1997. V105(5):889-927
[17]Ciccone A. Agglomeration effects in Europe[J]. European Economic Review.2002. V46(2):213-227
[18]Sweeney S. H. & Feser E. J. Plant Size and clustering of Manufacturing Activity[J]. Geographical Analysis.1998. V30(1):45-64
[19]Baptista R. & Swann P. Do Firms in Clusters Innovate More[J]? Research Policy.1998. V27(5):525-540
[20]Baptista R. Do Innovations Diffuse Faster Within Geographical Clusters[J]? International Journal of Industrial Organization.2000. V18(3):515-535
[21]Athreye S. Agglomeration and Growth:A Study of the Cambridge Hi-tech Cluster[EB\OL]. http://papers.ssrn.com/so13/papers.cfm7abstract id=302958.2001-06
[22]Ottaviano G. & Martin P. Growth and Agglomeration[J]. International Economic Review. 2001. V42(4):947-968
[23]Baldwin R. & Forslid R. The Core-periphery Model and Endogenous Growth:Stabilizing and De-stabilizing Integration[J]. Economica.2000. V67(267):307-324
[24]Fujita M. & Thisse J. F. Economics of Agglomeration:Cities, Industrial Location and Regional Growth [M]. UK:Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. MA.2002
[25]Paija L. ICT Cluster-the Engine of Knowledge-Driven growth in Finland[M]. Paris: OECD Publishing.2001
[26]Head K. et al. Agglomeration Benefits and Location choice:Evidence from Japanese manufacturing investments in the United States[J]. Journal of International Economics.1995. V38(3-4):223-247
[27]Smith D. F. & Florida R. Agglomeration and Industrial Location:An Econometric Analysis of Japanese-Affiliated Manufacturing Establishments in Automotive-Related Industries[J]. Journal of Urban Economics.1994. V36(1):23-41
[28]Guimaraes P. et al. Agglomeration and the Location of Foreign direct Investment in Portugal[J]. Journal of Urban Economics.2000. V47(1):115-135
[29]Rene B. & Martin C. The Location of Japanese Investments in China:Agglomeration Effects, Keiretsu, and Firm Heterogeneity[J]. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies.2002. V16(2):194-211
[30]Asheim B. T. Industrial Districts as'learning regions':A Condition for prosperity[J]? European Planning Studies.1996. V4(4):379-400
[31]Bagella M. & Becehetti L.'The Geographical Agglomeration-Private R&D Expenditure' Effect:Empirical Evidence on Italian data[J]. Economics of Innovation and New Technology. 2002. V11(3):233-247
[32]Pinch S. et al. From'Industrial Districts'to'Knowledge Clusters':A Model of Knowledge Dissemination and Competitive Advantage in Industrial Agglomeration[J]. Journal of Economic Geography.2003 V3(4):373-388
[33]Gilbert B. A. et al. Clusters, Knowledge Spillovers and New Venture Performanece:An Empirical Examination[J]. Journal of Business Venturing.2008. V23(4):405-422
[34]Cainelli G et al. Social Capital and Innovation Dynamics in District-based Local Systems[J]. The Journal of Socio-Economics.2007. V36(6):932-948
[35]Acs Z. J. & Varga A. Entrepreneurship, Agglomeration and Technological Change[J]. Small Business Economics.2005. V24(3):323-334
[36]Greenaway D. & Kneller R. Exporting, productivity and agglomeration[J]. European Economic Review.2008. V52(5):919-939
[37]Baldwin R. E. Agglomeration and Endogenous Capital[J]. European Economic Review. 1999. V43(2):253-280
[38]Lanaspa L. F. et al. The Public Sector and Core-Peripthery Models[J]. Urban Studies. 2001.V38(10):1639-1649
[39]Ades A. F. & Glaeser E. L. Trade and Circuses:Explaining Urban Giants[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics.1995. V110(1):195-227
[40]Hanson G. H. Economic Integration, Intraindustry Trade, and Frontier Regions[J]. European Economic Review.1996. V40(3-5):941-949
[41]Paluzie E. et al. Regional Integration and Specialization Patterns in Spain[J]. Regional Studies.2001. V35(4):285-296
[42]Faber B. Towards the Spatial Patterns of Sectoral Adjustments to Trade Liberalization: The Case of NAFTA in Mexico[J]. Growth and Change.2007. V38(4):567-594
[43]冼国明,文东伟.FDI、地区专业化与产业集聚[J].管理世界.2006(12)：18-31
[44]李铁立,曾坤生.一体化条件下边界区企业空间集聚：理论逻辑和实证分析[J].生产力研究.2006(2)：25-28
[45]殷小梅.台湾制造业投资大陆的产业集群分析[J].台湾研究集刊.2007(2)：40-49
[46]何雄浪等.我国产业集聚原因的探讨——基于区域效应、集聚效应、空间成本的新视角[J].南开经济研究.2007(6)：43-60
[47]王可侠.产业集聚中的交易成本约束——一个典型案例分析[J].上海经济研究.2007(11)：79-84
[48]贺灿飞,朱晟君.北京市劳动力结构和空间结构对其制造业地理集聚的影响[J].中国软科学.2007(11)：104-113
[49]李江,贺传皎.产业空间集聚发展的动力机制研究——以深圳市为例[J].城市规划.2008(9)：75-80
[50]申明浩等.中国汽车产业集群发展的影响因素分析[J].科技管理研究.2008(1)：216-223
[51]钱水土,江乐.浙江区域金融结构对产业集聚的影响研究——基于面板数据的实证分析[J].统计研究.2009(10)：62-67
[52]孙军.地区市场潜能、出口开放与我国工业集聚效应研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2009(7)：47-61
[53]刘新艳,何宏金.新兴产业空间集聚的动力机制分析[J].科技进步与对策.2011(5)：63-68
[54]张琰,郭英之.中国会议中心城市集聚影响因素的实证研究——基于经济地理和新经济地理的研究框架[J].旅游学刊.2008(8)：85-90
[55]杨春河,张文杰.基于交易效率的物流产业地理集聚分析[J].生产力研究.2008(8)：99-101
[56]褚劲风.上海创意产业空间集聚的影响因素分析[J].中国人口资源与环境.2009(2)：170-175
[57]李健.隐形知识传递对于我国创意产业集聚的影响[J].科学学与科学技术管理.2009(8)：113-117
[58]曹宝明,王晓清.区位选择视角下产业集群形成的微观机制分析[J].江苏社会科学. 2008(6)：89-93
[59]刘义圣,林其屏.产业集群的生成与运行机制研究[J].东南学术.2004(6)：130-138
[60]连远强.产业集聚过程中的羊群行为分析[J].科技进步与对策.2006(4)：98-101
[61]邱风,朱勋.电力短缺对浙江产业集聚影响的实证研究.2007(2)：158-162
[62]史征.电影产业规制与产业集聚耦合发展路径研究——美、印两国电影产业集聚发展的政府规制剖析与借鉴[J].科学经济社会.2012(3)：136-141
[63]王艳玲.区域物流整合与产业集聚联动发展[J].经济理论与经济管理.2011(11)：78-88
[64]卢杰.基于生态学的制造业产业集群共存互利的稳定性模型[J].统计与决策.2009(8)：161-164
[65]康胜.企业集群演化动力机制——基于向心力与离心力相互作用的分析[J].科技进步与对策.2004(12)：10-13
[66]王子龙等.企业集群共生演化模型及实证研究[J].中国管理科学.2006(2)：141-149
[67]蔡绍洪等.区域集群创新网络形成发展的演进机理及特征[J].贵州社会科学.2007(5)：4-10
[68]何奕,童牧.产业转移与产业集聚的动态与路径选择——基于长三角第二、第三类制造业的研究[J].宏观经济研究.2008(7)：50-58
[69]魏后凯.改革开放30年中国区域经济的变迁——从不平衡发展到相对均衡发展[J].经济学动态.2008(5)：9-17
[70]盖骁敏,张文娟.中国产业集聚发展演变趋势探讨——基于“中心外围”模型的分析[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2011(6)：32-40
[71]赵峰,姜德波.产业转移的诱因分析与趋势预测——以长三角为例[J].学术研究.2011(10)：61-67
[72]周兵,蒲勇健.一个基于产业集聚的西部经济增长实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2003(8)：143-148
[73]林柯,朱志明.西北地区制造业集聚及其对区域经济的增长效应——以甘肃省为例[J].软科学.2008(11)：43-48
[74]金成晓,李军睿.东北老工业基地产业集聚与民营经济的发展[J].当代经济研究.2004(12)：60-63
[75]陈建军,胡晨光.产业集聚的集聚效应——以长江三角洲次区域威力的理论和实证 分析[J].管理世界.2008(6)：68-80
[76]洪娟,谷永芬.城市群内产业集聚与区域经济发展——基于长三角25市动态面板数据的分析[J].江西社会科学.2012(3)：49-53
[77]崔远淼.FDI、本土企业集聚及经济增长效应——基于浙江县域面板数据的实证检验[J].国际贸易问题.2009(3)：52-61
[78]孙敬水,章迪平.浙江省流通产业集群与流通经济增长的实证研究——基于人力资本视角[J].中国流通经济.2009(1)：18-22
[79]钱水土,金娇.金融结构、产业集聚与区域经济增长：基于2000-2007年长三角地区面板数据分析[J].商业经济与管理.2010(4)：67-75
[80]王光玲,吴学花.中国制造业集聚对生产的贡献度检验[J].统计与决策.2008(17)：77-80
[81]朱英明.区域制造业规模经济、技术变化与全要素生产率——产业集聚的影响分析[J].2009(10)：3-19
[82]潘文卿,刘庆.中国制造业产业集聚与地区经济增长——基于中国工业企业数据的研究[J].清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2012(1)：137-149
[83]金荣学,许广月.现代服务业集聚效应与经济发展研究——基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析[J].财政研究.2009(11)：14-18
[84]姚凤阁等.服务业对区域经济增长影响的实证检验——基于1990-2008年中国三大经济圈城市面板数据[J].城市问题.2011(1)：57-62
[85]陈立泰,张祖妞.服务业集聚与区域经济增长的实证研究[J].山西财经大学学报.2010(10)：65-72
[86]仇怡,吴建军.国际贸易、产业集聚与技术进步——基于中国高技术产业的实证研究[J].科学学研究.2010(9)：1347-1354
[87]刘立云.中西部文化产业集群的区域竞争优势研究[J].中国软科学.2011(S2)：199-206
[88]徐晓月,支大林.吉林省农副产品加工产业集聚与经济增长关系研究[J].税务与经济.2011(6)：106-121
[89]秦建军等.产业地理集聚对产业成长的影响——基于中国农产品加工业的实证分析[J].农业技术经济.2010(1)：104-112
[90]洪娟,廖信林.长三角城市群内制造业集聚与经济增长的实证研究——基于动态而 板数据一阶差分广义矩方法的分析[J].中央财经大学学报.2012(4)：85-61
[91]闫逢柱,乔娟.产业集聚一定有利于产业成长吗?——基于中国制造业的实证分析[J].经济评论.2010(5)：63-72
[92]易将能等.区域创新网络演化的阶段性研究[J].科研管理.2005(5)：24-29
[93]梁启华.跨国公司的技术关联效应与产业集聚[J].经济管理.新管理.2005(10)：12-19
[94]吕强.产业集聚背景下的企业网络化集群式创新[J].科技管理研究.2007(6)：22-25
[95]林健,曹静.论产业集群中的知识溢出与知识共享[J].统计与决策.2007(14)：56-57
[96]赵春华,魏晓平.产业集聚中企业技术创新扩散影响因素分析[J].科技管理研究.2008(3)：31-34
[97]曹休宁,戴振.产业集聚环境中的企业合作创新行为分析[J].经济地理.2009(8)：1323-1328
[98]张萃.产业集聚与创新：命题梳理与微观机制分析[J].科学管理研究.2010(3)：1-4
[99]徐君.产业集聚与企业集团集群式创新的协助效应[J].科学管理研究.2010(6)：8-12
[100]张秀武等.产业集群与技术创新——基于中国高技术产业的实证检验[J],2008(7)：534-538
[101]宋燕平,王艳荣.面向农业产业集聚发展的技术进步效应分析[J],科学学研究.2009(7)：1005-1011
[102]周明,李宗植.基于产业集聚的高技术产业创新能力研究[J],科研管理,2011(1)：15-23
[103]王锐淇等.我国区域产业分布特征与区域创新能力关系探析[J],科技进步与对策.2011(6)：31-38
[104]吕宏芬,刘思敖.R&D投入、产业集聚与浙江区域创新效应分析[J],浙江学刊.2011(5)：196-202
[105]郑海涛.产业集聚影响企业技术创新绩效的机理研究——基于广东产业集群案例和458家企业数据的实证研究[J].中国科技论坛.2011(10)：55-63
[106]颜克益等.产业集聚视角下高技术产业创新绩效的影响因素研究——基于中国省际面板数据(1998～2007)的研究[J].经济与管理研究.2010(12)：57-68
[107]强健,梅强.产业集聚与创新的互动关系及实证研究[J].科技管理研究.2010(10)：6-7
[108]曹玉平.出口贸易、产业空间集聚与技术创新——基于20个细分制造行业面板数据的实证研究[J].经济与管理研究.2012(9)：73-83
[109]李平,盛丹.产业集聚、FDI技术溢出与东道国的自主创新[J].社会科学战线.2009(1)：92-100。
[110]毕红毅,张海洋.产业集聚对山东省FDI技术溢出的影响研究[J].国际贸易问题.2012(4)：73-83
[111]葛立成.产业集聚与城市化的地域模式——以浙江省为例[J],中国工业经济.2004(1)：56-63
[112]苏雪串.城市化进程中的要素集聚、产业集群和城市群发展[J],中央财经大学学报.2004(1)：49-53
[113]徐维祥等.产业集群与工业化、城镇化互动发展模式研究[J].经济地理.2005(6)：868-873
[114]朱智文.基于产业集聚的城市化和城市化过层中的产业集聚[J].开发研究.2006(6)：45-49。
[115]罗洪群,肖丹.产业集聚支撑的川渝城市群发展研究[J].软科学.2008(12)：102-106
[116]李清均,田也壮.产业集聚与中心城市发展的关联度[J].改革.2008(11)：44-53
[117]刘湘辉等.中小企业集群与城镇化的耦合发展[J].统计与决策.2008(21)：167-168
[118]陆根尧等.基于典型相关分析的产业集群与城市化互动发展研究：以浙江省为例[J].2011(12)：101-110
[119]张芸等.产业集聚对大都市区空间结构演变的影响机制——以北京大都市区为例[J].地域研究与开发.2009(5)：6-13
[120]张芳霞等.银川市产业集聚与城市空间结构优化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境.2011(2)：34-40
[121]王克婴,张翔.文化产业集聚对国际创意大都市空间结构重构的影响[J].2012(12)：88-94
[122]陈随军,王雅芬.产业集聚与小城镇可持续发展——以小城镇工业废水的综合治理为例[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2000(8)：24-27
[123]王崇锋,张吉鹏.制造业产业集聚对生态城市建设影响的定量研究——基于CR-4指数的实证研究[J].中国人口资源与环境.2009(4)：140-145
[124]杨丹萍.论产业集群与区域国际竞争力[J].中国流通经济.2004(5)：41-45
[125]杨丹萍,毛江楠.产业集聚与对外贸易国际竞争力的相关性研究——基于中国15个制造业变系数面板数据的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题.2011(1)：20-29
[126]鲍丽娜.民营经济集群发展与竞争力提升[J].山西财经大学学报.2005(12)：49-53
[127]李莎,刘思峰.江苏省IT产业集聚对竞争力的影响[J].统计与决策.2006(19)：96-99
[128]孙中叶.集群式创新与区域竞争力提升的耦合机理分析[J].经济经纬.2006(5)：68-71
[129]徐光瑞.中国高技术产业集聚与产业竞争力——基于5大行业的灰色关联分析[J].中国科技论坛.2010(8)：47-53
[130]胡峰.动漫产业的集聚优势与区域竞争：自杭州观察[J].改革2010(2)：55-63
[131]张翠梅.区域集聚产业竞争力评价指标体系研究[J].经济问题.2007(8)：25-26
[132]罗茜等.北京市“两带”产业集聚竞争力评价[J].科技进步与对策.2009(24)：42-47
[133]孙慧等.基于AHP的新疆黑色能源产业集群竞争力评价[J].软科学.2011(2)：84-89
[134]俞毅.论我国中小企业国际竞争优势的构建战略[J].财贸经济.2003(7)：73-80
[135]鲍永安.依托软件产业集聚增强区域竞争力[J].学术界.2006(1)：204-210
[136]石大立,叶玉琴.以产业集群发展提升林业经济竞争力——福建莆田案例分析[J].林业经济.2007(7)：35-39
[137]王韶辉,宋敏.基于产业集聚的国家工程中心核心竞争力研究[J].科技管理研究.2009(2)：183-186
[138]梁琦.中国工业的区位基尼系数——兼论外商直接投资对制造业集聚的影响[J].统计研究.2003(9)：21-26
[139]祖强,孙军.跨国公司FDI对我国产业集聚和产业升级的影响[J].2005(5)：28-33
[140]吴丹丹,谢建国.FDI对产业集群作用的实证研究——以江苏省制造业产业集群为例[J].世界经济研究.2007(6)：54-64
[141]盖骁敏.外商直接投资分布与我国制造业产业集聚的关系分析[J].经济纵横.2012(4)：73-78
[142]方勇,张二震.长江三角洲地区外商直接投资与地区经济发展[J].中国工业经济.2002(5)：55-63
[143]韩剑等.外商直接投资地区集聚效应的实证研究[J].2005(3)：100-106
[144]程旭志,王怡文.我国产业集聚与外国直接投资的关联分析[J],统计与决策.2007(12)：83-86
[145]潘玉璋,陈琴.产业集聚效应对FDI的影响分析及政策探讨——以广州南沙集装箱制造项目聚集南沙临港产业为例[J].科技进步与对策.2009(7)：70-73
[146]陶凌云,赵增耀.FDI与产业集群互动机制的分析——基于上海和江苏的例证[J].开发研究.2009(4)：63-70
[147]苏李,臧日宏.FDI与产业集聚的互动——中国农产品加工视角[J].财经科学.2010(5)：85-93
[148]李娟,王菲.外商直接投资与产业集聚的形成——基于中国的实证分析[J].经济经纬.2011(5)：66-71
[149]王硕.FDI与中国服务业集聚的发展——基于行业层面数据的分析[J].国际经济合作.2012(5)：35-41
[150]孙浦阳等.产业集聚对外商直接投资的影响分析——基于服务业与制造业的比较研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2012(9)：40-58
[151]Huff D.L. Defining and Estimating a Trade Area[J]. Journal of Marketing.1964. V28(3):34-38
[152]Oppewal H & Holyoake B. Bundling and Retail Agglomeration Effects on Ahopping Behavior[J]. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.2004. VI 1(2):61-74
[153]Teller C. et al. Place Marketing and Urban Retail Agglomerations:An Examination of Shoppers'Place Attractiveness Perceptions[J]. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy.2010. V6(2):124-133
[154]Stine J. H. Temporal Aspects of Tertiary Production Elements in Korea[M], In:Pitts F. R. ed. Urban Systems and Economic Development.1962
[155]Reginald & Rajagruru. Does Small Store Location Matter? A Test of Three Classic Theories of Retail Location[J]. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship.2008. V21(4): 477-492
[156]Brown S. A Perceptual Approach to Retail Agglomeration[J]. Area.1987. V19(2): 131-140
[157]Illeris S. The Service Economy:A Geography Approach[M]. John Wiley & Stons. Chichester.1996
[158]Churchill G. A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs[J]. Journal of Marketing Research.1979. V16(1):64-73
[159]Oppewal H. et al. A Multipurpose Shopping Trip Model to Assess Retail Agglomeration Effects[J]. Journal of Marketing Research.2005. V42(1):109-115
[160]Nevin J. R. & Houston M. J. Image as a Component of Intra-urban Shopping Areas[J]. Journal of Retailing.1980. V56(1):77-93
[161]Prendergast G. et al. Retailers Views of Shopping Centres:a Comparision of Tenants and Non-tennants[J]. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.1998. V26(4):162-171
[162]Babin B J. et al. Work or Fun:Measuring Hedonic and Utilitarian Shopping Value[J]. Journal of Consumer Research 1994. V20(4):644-656\
[163]Bacon R. W. Combined Trips and the Frequency of Shopping[J]. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.1995. V2(3):175-183
[164]Reinartz W. J. & Kumar V. Store, Market and Consumer Characteristics:the Drivers of the Store Performance[J]. Marketing Letters.1999. V10(1):5-23
[165]Wong G. et al.'SCATTR:an Instrument for Measuring Shopping Cetre Attraciveness'. International Journal of Retail & Distrubution Management.2001. V29(2):76-86
[166]Kim Y. K. Consumer Value:an Application to Mall and Internet Shoppling[J], International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.2002.30(11-12):595-602
[167]Reimers V. & V. Clulow. Retail Concentration:a Comparison of Spatial Convenience in Shopping Strips and Shopping Centres[J]. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.2004. V11(4):207-221
[168]Dennis C. Objects of Desire:Consumer Behaviour in Shopping Centre Choices[M]. Basingstoke:Palgrave Macmillan.2005
[169]Teller C. & T. Reutter. The Evolving Concept of Retail Attractiveness:What Makes Retail Agglomerations Attractive When Customer Shop at Them? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.2008. V15(3):127-143
[170]蒋三庚.论商业集聚[J].北京工商大学学报(社会科学版).2005(3)：1-4
[171]吴小丁.郊外型购物中心的理论解释[J].商业时代.2006(7)：9-11
[172]魏剑锋.商业集群的聚集效应——基于消息学视角的分析[J].当代经济科学.2006(11)：93-96
[173]彭继增.商业集群概念、类型及其运行规律[J].中国流通经济.2010(7)：69-72
[174]彭继增.基于产业集群理论的商业集群分析：一个关于商业企业选址模型的构造[J].金融与经济.2006(11)：53-55
[175]彭继增.基于空间经济理论的商业集群运行机理[J].经济体制改革.2008(4)：145-148
[176]尹德洪.分工演进、交易效率与商业集群——基于新兴古典经济学框架的分析[J].财经科学.2011(8)：36-43
[177]杜霞.论商业集聚的弹性和有限性[J].商业时代.2008(23)：15-23
[178]尹德洪.生物进化、种群生态学及商业集群[J].中国流通经济.2012(1)：53-57
[179]武云亮.我国商业集群的模式及其发展趋势[J].生产力研究.2004(1)：146-148
[180]唐红涛.商业空间集聚形成与演化发展研究[J].经济经纬.2011(2)：50-54
[181]夏春玉.城市零售流通系统的空间竞争结构及其变化[J].商业经济与管理.2005(10)：3-9
[182]赵晓民等.商业聚集经济性推动与消费需求拉动的耦合分析[J].管理现代化.2007(5)：43-45
[183]符宁.商业企业集聚的竞争优势分析[J].商业现代化.2008(7)：54-55
[184]彭继增等.商业集群、第三产业空间演化与经济发展——基于浙江省数据的实证分析[J].商业经济与管理.2010(11)：11-18
[185]王艳红、方淑芬.商业企业集聚体声誉对消费者购买行为影响的研究[J].管理世界.2007(7)：162-163
[186]杨宇帆,欧书田.商业集聚印象对消费者惠顾意向的影响研究[J].管理评论.2009(5)：42-51
[187]赵晓民等.从购买风险感知理论解释商业集聚对店铺印象的影响[J].商业经济与管理.2011(2)：5-13
[188]武云亮,唐敏.我国中小商业企业集群创新研究[J].经济管理.2007(20)：77-82
[189]蒋三庚.中国主要CBD现代服务业集聚发展对策研究[J].首都经贸大学学报.2010(4)：22-28
[190]邱小平.商品流通企业的集群化发展——以广州市为例[J].中国流通经济. 2011(3)：79-83
[191]French D. P. et al. The Importance of Affective Beliefs and Attitudes in the Theory of Planned Behavior:Predicting Intention to Increase Physical Activity[J]. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.2005. V35(9):182-184
[192]Breckler S. J. & Wiggins E. C. Affect Versus Evaluation in the Structure of Attitudes[J]. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.1989. V25(3):253-271
[193]Crites S. L. et al. Measuring the Affective and Cognitive Properties of Attitudes: Conceptual and Methodological Issues[J]. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.1994. V20(6):619-634
[194]Manstead A. S. R. & Parker D. Evaluating and Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior[J]. European Review of Social Psychology.1995. V6(1):69-95
[195]Vander Pligt J. et al. Affect, attitudes, and Decisions:Let's be More Specific[J]. European Review of Social Psychology.1998. V8(1):33-66
[196]Godin G. Importance of the Emotional Aspect of Attitude to Predict Intention[J]. Psychological Reports.1987. V61(3):719-723
[197]Lowe R. et al. The Influence of Affective and Instrumental Beliefs on Exercise Intentions and Behavior:A Longitudinal Analysis[J]. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 2002.V32(6):1241-1252
[198]Cialdini R. B. et al. A Focus Theory of Normative Conduct[J]. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology.1991. V24(20):201-234
[199]Conner M. & McMillan B. Interaction Effects in the Theory of Planned Behavior: Studying Cannabis Use[J]. British Journal of Social Psychology.1999. V38(2):195-222
[200]Sheeran P. et al. Evidence that Intentions Based on Attitudes Better Predict Behavior than Intentions Based on Subjective Norms[J]. European Journal of Social Psychology.1999. V29(2-3):403-406
[201]Rivis A. & Sheeran P. Descriptive Norms as an Additional Predictor in the Theory of Planned Behavior:A Meta-Analysis[J]. Current Psychology.2003. V22(3):218-233
[202]Fishbein M. & Ajzen I. Belief, Attitude, Intention, Behavior[M]. Addision-Wesley. Reading. MA.1975
[203]Warshaw P. R. & Davis F. D. Disentangling Behavioral Intention and Behavioral Expectation[J]. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.1985. V21(3):3-22
[204]Sheppard B. H. et al. The Theory of Reasoned Action:A meta-analysis of Past Research with Recommendations for Modifications and Future research[J]. Journal of Consumer Research.1988. V15(3):325-343
[205]Bagozzi R. P. et al. Cultural and Situational Contingencies and the Theory of Reasoned Action:Application to Fast Food Restaurant Consumption[J]. Journal of Consumer Psychology.2000. V9(2):97-106
[206]郑希付.心理场理论[J].湖南师范大学社会科学学报.2000(2)：75-80
[207]关培兰,罗东霞.女性创业者积极心理资本与创业发展.经济管理.2009(8)：81-89
[208]Strauss A. & Corbin J. Basic of Qualitative Research:Grounded Theory Procedures & Techniques[M]. Thous & Oaks. CA:Sage.1990
[209]Pandit N. R. The Creation of Theory:A Recent Application of the Grounded Theory Method[J]. The Qualitative Report.1996. V2(4):1-14
[210]陈蓓蕾.基于网络信任理论的消费者在线口碑传播实证研究[D].杭州：浙江大学.2008
[211]Williamson O. E. The Economics of Organization:The Transaction Cost Approach[J]. American Journal of Sociology.1981. V87(3):548-577
[212]Bakos J. Y. Reducing Buyer Search Costs:Implications for Electronic Marketplaces[J]. Management Socience.1997. V43(12):1676-1693
[213]圣炜,黄桐城,中介参与下信息搜寻成本三方对策模型研究[J].情报杂志.2005(7)：26-29
[214]Downs A. A Theory of Consumer Efficiency[J]. Journal of Retailing.1961. V37(1): 6-12
[215]Thompson D. L. Consumer Convenience and Retail Area Structure[J]. Journal of Marketing Research.1967. V4(1):37-44
[216]Hotelling H. Stability in Competition[J]. Economic Journal.1929. V39:41-57
[217]Nevin J. R. & M. J. Houston Image as a Component of Attraction to interurban Shopping Areas[J]. Journal of Retailing.1980. V56(spring):77-93
[218]Eaton B. C. & R. G. Lipsey. An Economic Theory of Central Places[J]. Economic Journal.1982. V92(365):56-72
[219]Ingene C. A. Temporal Influences upon Spatial Shopping Behavior of Consumers[A]. Papers of the Regional Science Association.1984. V54(1):71-87
[220]West D. S. et al. Tests of Intraurban central place theories[J]. The Economic Journal. 1985.V95(377):101-117
[221]Zeithaml V. A. Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality and Value:A Means-End Model and Synthesis of Evidence[J]. Journal of Marketing.1988. V52(3):2-22
[222]Monroe K. B. Pricing:making profitable decisions[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill.1990
[223]Gale B. T. Managing Customer Value:Creating Quality and Service That Customer Can See[M]. New York:The Free Press.1994
[224]武永红,范秀成.顾客价值导向的企业竞争力及其提升策略[J].中国流通经济.2004(11)：50-53
[225]刘合友,冷明月.顾客感知价值导向的服务业核心竞争力的构建[J].黑龙江对外经贸.2006(9)：68-74
[226]Dodds et al. The Effects of Price, Brand, and Store Information on Buyers'Product Evaluations[J]. Journal of Marketing Research.1991. V28(3):307-319
[227]Cronin J. et al. Assessing the Effects of Quality, Value and Customer Satisfaction on Consumer Behavioral Intentions in Service Environments[J]. Journal of Retailing.2000. V76(2):193-216
[228]白长虹,刘炽.服务企业的顾客忠诚及其决定因素研究[J].南开管理评论.2002(6)：64-69
[229]Bloemer J. et al. Investigating Drivers of Bank Loyalty:The Complex Relationship between Image, Service Quality and Satisfaction [J]. International Joumal of Bank Marketing.1998. V16(7):276-286
[230]Boulding W. et al. A Dynamic Proeess Model of Service Quality:From Expectation to Behavioral Intentions[J]. Journal of Marketing Research.1993. V30(1):7-27
[231]陆娟等.服务忠诚及其驱动因素：基于银行业的实证研究[J].管理世界.2006(8)：94-103
[232]Ruyter K. D. & Bloemer J. Customer Loyalty in Extended Service Settings[J]. International Journal of Service Industry Management.1999. V10(3):320-336
[233]Zeithaml V. A. et al. E-service Quality:Definitions, Dimensions and Conceptual Model [D]. USA:Cambridge.2000
[234]Parasuraman A. et al. SERVQUAL:A Multiple Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality[J]. Journal of retailing.1988. V64(1):12-40
[235]Mark B. K. et al. A Services-marketing Perspective on E-retailing:Implications for E-retailers and Directions for Further Research[J]. Internet Research:Electronic Networking Applications and Policy.2000. V10(5):424-438
[236]Peter H. et al. E-service Quality in Libraries:Exploring its Features and Dimensions[J]. Library & Information Science Research.2005. V27(3):377-404
[237]申文果等.网络企业服务质量的测量及其影响的实证研究[J].管理科学.2007(01)：38-45
[238]Van Riel et al. Exploring Consumer Evaluations of E-services:A Portal Site[J]. International Journal of Service Industry Management.2001. V12(4):359-377
[239]Gefen D. Customer loyalty in e-commerce[J]. Journal of the Association for Information Systems.2002. V3(1):27-51
[240]Joel E. Collier & Carol C. Bienstock. Measuring Service Quality in E-Retailing[J]. Journal of Service Research.2006. V8(3):260-275
[241]Eduard Cristobal. Perceived E-service Quality (PeSQ)-Measurement Validation and Effects on Consumer Satisfaction and Website Loyalty[J]. Managing Service Quality.2007. V17(3):317-340
[242]Hans H. Bauer et al. eTransQual:A transaction Process-based Approach for Capturing Service Quality in Online Shopping[J]. Journal of Business Research.2006. V59(7):866-875
[243]Wolfinbarger M. & Gilly M. C. eTailQ Dimensionalizing, Measuring And Predicting Etail Quality[J]. Journal of Retailing.2003. V79(3):183-198
[244]Parasuraman A. et al. E-S-Qual:A Multiple-item Scale for Assessing Electronic Service Quality[J]. Journal of Service Research.2005. V7(3):213-233
[245]Bauer H. H. et al. eTransQual:A Transaction Process-Based Approach for Capturing Service Quality in Online Shopping[J]. Journal of Business Researeh.2006. V59(7):866-875
[246]Arndt J. Word of Mouth Advertising:A Review of the Literature[J]. New York: Advertising Research Federation.1967
[247]RINDOV A. V. P.Managing Reputation:Pursuing Every Day Excellence:The Image Cascade and the Formation of Corporate Reputations[J]. Corporate Reputation Review.1997. VI (2):188-226
[248]HALL R. The Strategic Analysis of Intangible Resources[J]. Strategic Management Journal.1992. V13(6):135-144
[249]Kauer V. Icreasing Customer Satisfaction [M]. United States Office of Consumer Affairs. Pueblo. Co.1992.
[250]Bettman E. et al. A Componential Analysis of Cognitive Effort in Choice[J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.1990. V45(2):111-139
[251]Engel J. F. et al. How Information is Used to Adopt an Innovation[J]. Journal of Advertising Research.1969. V9(12):350-362
[252]Gelb B. & Johnson M. Word of Mouth Communication:Causes and Consequences[J]. Journal of Health Care Marketing.1995. V15(3):54-58
[253]Buttle F. A. Word of Mouth:Understanding and Managing Referral Marketing[J]. Journal of Strategic Marketing.1998. V6(3):241-254
[254]Lafferty B A, Goldsmith R E. Corporate Credibility's Role in Consumers'Attitudes and Purchase Intentions When a High Versus a Low Credibility Endorser is Used in the ad[J]. Journal of Business Research.1999. V44(2):109-116
[255]王广伟.企业声誉对顾客认同的影响研究[D].杭州：浙江大学.2008
[256]王艳红,方淑芬.商业企业集聚体声誉对消费者购买行为影响的研究[J].管理世界.2007(7)：162-163
[257]Brown S. Tenant mix, Tenant Placement and Shopper Behaviour in a Plannel Shopping Centre[J]. The Service Industries Journal.1992. V12(3):384-403
[258]Cymrot A. A. et al. How to Invest in Office Buildings and Shopping Centers[J]. Real Estate Review.1982. V12(2):75-82
[259]Kirkup M. & Rafiq M. Managing Tenant Mix in New Shopping Centres[J]. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.1994. V22(6):29-38
[260]陈亚诗著.购物中心主力商店吸引力与人潮分享之研究[D].台湾：元智大学.2003
[261]Beddington N. Shopping Centres, Retail Development, Design and Management[M]. Butter worth Architecture.1991
[262]Abratt R. et al. Tenant Mix:the Key to a Successful Shopping Centre[J]. Quarterly Review of Marketing.1985.10(3):19-26
[263]Lewis P. Creating That Magical Mix[M]. Shop Property.1987
[264]Nevin J R, Houston M J. Image as a component of attraction to intraurban shopping areas[M]. Graduate School of Business. University of Wisconsin-Madison.1980
[265]Nedo. The Future Pattern of Shopping[M]. London:National Economic Development Office.1971
[266]Tindale W. Restrictive User Clauses and Tenant Mix[M]. Shop Property.1980
[267]Teller C. et al.Hedonic and Utilitarian Shopper Types and Created Retail Agglomerations[J]. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research. 2008. V18(3):283-309
[268]Greenspan J. "Solving the Tenant Mix Puzzle in Your Shopping Center"[J]. Journal of Property Management.1987. V52(4):27-31
[269]黄文全.零售服务组合效果之研究一由业种互补与购物动机探讨之[D].台湾元智大学.2001
[270]谢政益.国内大型购物中心业种组合与楼层配置之研究[D].台湾：元智大学.2001
[271]Brown S. Tenant mix, tenant placement and shopper behaviour in a planned shopping centre[J]. Service Industries Journal.1992. V12(3):384-403
[272]Bacon R. W. Combined Trips and the Frequency of Shopping[J]. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.1995. V2(3):175-183
[273]Wakefield K. L. & Baker J. Excitement at the Mall:Determinants and Effects on Shopping Respense[J]. Journal of Retailing.1998. V74(4):513-539
[274]Berman B. & Evans J. R. Retail Management. New York:Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. 1995
[275]Lumpkin J. R. et al. Shopping Patterns of the Rural Consumer:Exploring the Relationship Between Shopping Orientations and Outshopping[J]. Journal of Business Research.1986. V14(1):63-81
[276]郭福斌.整体商店环境对多重价值知觉之影响[D].台北：国立高雄第一科技大学2003
[277]Oz. Shy. Industrial Organization:Theory and Applications[M]. Cambridge:Mass:MIT Press.1996
[278]施圣炜,黄桐城.中介参与下信息搜寻成本三方对策模型研究[J].情报杂志.2005(7)：26-29
[279]廖鹏,方云安.商品价格与信息搜寻成本关系研究[J].情报杂志.2005(7)：62-66
[280]吴必成.信息搜索成本、信息效用和贷款风险[J].经济体制改革.2005(3)：98-101
[281]毕博.影响消费者使用互联网搜索信息的因素——基于长春数码硬件消费者的实证研究[D].吉林：吉林大学.2008
[282]李琪,于珊珊.交易成本视角下B2C电子商务网络购物的感知风险研究[J].统计与信息论坛.2010(11)：101-106
[283]曹磊,张子刚.消费者感知搜索成本降低的影响因素及其结果[J].工业工程与管理.2011(6)：92-98
[284]Jepsen A. L. Factors Affecting Consumer Use of the Internet for Information Search[J]. Journal of Interactive Marketing.2007. V21(3):21-34
[285]Sheth J. N. et al. Why We Buy What We Buy:A Theory of Consumption Values[J]. Journal of Business Research.1991. V22(2):159-170
[286]Grewal D. et al. The Effects of Price-comparison Advertising on Buyers'Perceptions of Acquisition Value, Transaction Value and Behavioral Intentions[J]. Journal of Marketing. 1998. V62(2):46-59
[287]Parasuraman A. & Grewal D. The Impact of Technology on the Quality-Value-Loyalty Chain:A Research Agenda[J]. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science.2000. V28(1):168-174
[288]Sweeney J. C. & Soutar G. N. Consumer Perceived Value:The Development of A Multiple Item Scale[J]. Journal of Retailing.2001. V77(2):203-220
[289]Wang Y. et al. An Integrated Framework for Customer Value and Customer-relationship-management Performance:A Customer-based Perspective from China[J]. Managing Service Quality.2004.14(2-3):169-182
[290]闵梅梅.顾客感知价值各维度与顾客行为、产品外部属性的影晌关系研究[D],长沙：中南大学.2007
[291]Petrick James F. Development of Multi-Dimensional Scale for Measuring the Perceived Value of a Service. Journal of Leisure Research.2002. V34(2):119-134
[292]范艺潇.C2C模式中声誉与口碑对信任和购买意向影响的实证研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学.2009
[293]张诚.网络口碑、感知价值对品牌忠诚的影响[D].南昌：江西财经大学.2011
[294]Liu Y. Word of Mouth for Movies:Its Dynamics and Impact on Box Office Revenue[J]. Journal of Marketing.2006. V70(3):74-89
[295]郑小平.在线评论对网络消费者购买决策影响的实证研究[D].北京：中国人民大学.2008
[296]马正风.网络口碑、品牌形象与消费者购买意愿关系研究[D].南京：南京师范大学.2012
[297]杨光.网络口碑对大学生购买意愿影响的实证研究[D].武汉：湖北工业大学.2012
[298]Melody L. A. L. et al. Expanding the Loyalty Concept to Include Preference for a Shopping Mall[J]. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and consumer Research. 2002.V12(3):225-236
[299]王德平.消费者对大型购物中心环境与业种组合的认识及相关研究[D].广州：暨南大学,2007
[300]Hotelling H. Stability in Competition[J]. Economic Journal.1929. V39:41-57
[301]田村正纪著.吴小丁、王丽译.流通原理[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2007
[302]尹德洪.商业集聚的经济学分析[J].财经科学.2011(2)：53-60
[303]武云亮.我国中小商业企业集群的演化机制分析[J].技术经济.2007(4)：6-11
[304]艾斌.企业迁移决策模型研究[D].长沙：长沙理工大学.2006
[305]张亚.商务成本变动视角下企业迁移动因研究.上海：华东大学.2012
[306]Caniels M. C. Knowledge Spillovers and Economic Growth:Regional Growth Differentials Across Europe[M]. Northampton, Massachusetts:Edward Elgar.2000
[307]Fallah M H, Ibrahim S. Knowledge Spillover and Innovation in Technological Clusters[C]. Proceedings, IAMOT 2004 Conference. Washington, DC.2004
[308]Audretsch L. & Feldman. R&D Spillovers and the Georaphy of Innovation and Production[J]. American Economic Review.1996. V86(3):253-273
[309]Feldman M. P. & Audretsch D. Innovation in Cities:Science-based Diversity, Specialization and Localized Competition[J]. European Economic Review.1999. V43(2): 409-429
[310]Keely C. Exchanging Good Ideas[J]. Journal of Economic Theory.2003. V111(2): 192-213
[311]Berliant M. et al. Knowledge Exchange, Matching, and Agglomeration[J]. Journal of Urban Economics.2006. V60(1):69-95
[312]Forni M. & Paba S. Knowledge Spillovers and the Growth of Local Industries. Journal of Industrial Econoomics.2002. V50(2):V151-171
[313]Jun K. Agglomeration and Spillovers in a Simultaneous Framework[J]. Annals of Regional Science.2005. V39(1):35-47
[314]Jun K. Technology Spillovers, Agglomeration, and Regional Economic Development[J]. Journal of Planning Literature.2005. V20(2):99-115
[315]Delone W. H. & Mclean E. R. Information System Success:The Quest for the Dependent Variable[J]. Information System Research.1992. V3(1):60-95
[316]Garrity E. D. & Sanders G L. Dimensions of Information Systems Success[J]. Information System Success Measurement Idea Group Publishing, Hershey, PA,1998, 2(3es):13-45.
[317]Molla A. & Licker P. S. E-commerce System Success:An Attempt to Extend and Respecify the Delone and Mclean model of IS Success[J]. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research.2001. V2(4):131-141
[318]Garrity E. D. et al. An Experimental Investigation of Web-based Information Systems Suceess in the Context of Electronic Commerce[J]. Decision Support Systems.2005. V39(3): 485-503
[319]Jaffe A. B. Technological Opportunity and Spillovers of R & D:Evidence from Finns' Patents[J]. The American Economic Review.1986. V76(5):984-1001
[320]王燕.区域科技型人才聚集下的知识溢出效应研究[D].青岛：山东科技大学.2010
[321]王国红.知识溢出和产业集群中企业学习研究[D].大连：大连理工大学.2007
[322]张扬.社会资本和知识溢出对产业集群升级的影响研究[D].吉林：吉林大学管理学院.2009
[323]金勇彬.基于新经济地理学的长三角经济集聚机制和意义研究[D].杭州：浙江大学.2010
[324]张鹏,丘萍.空间经济学视角下的区域间水平溢出机制研究[J].华东理工大学学报(社会科学版).2012(2)：52-62
[325]王秀海.浙江省制造业集聚与集聚拥挤效应研究[J].商业时代.2010(8)：144-145
[326]Weber Alfred. Theory of the Location of Industries[M]. Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.1909
[327]孙洛平,孙海琳.产业集聚的交易费用模型[J].经济评论.2006(4)：111-117
[328]杨小凯,黄有光.专业化与经济组织——一种新兴古典微观经济学框架[M].北京：经济科学出版社.1999
[329]谢里.制度安排与产业集聚：理论与经验研究[D].长沙：湖南大学.2009
[330]白积洋.中国制造业集聚机制再研究——基于内生交易成本视角[J].科学决策.2012(10)：18-78
[331]Wallis J. & North D. C. Measuring the Transaction Sector in the American Economy 1870-1970[D]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.1988
[332]Ghertman Michel. Measuring Macro-economic Transaction Cost:A Comparative Perspective and Possible Policy Implication[R]. Paris:ISNIEPaper.1998
[333]Dolley Brian & Wi Ho Leong. Measuring the Transaction of the Australian Economy: 1911-1991[J]. Australian Economy History Review.1998. V38(3):207-229
[334]Sulejewicz A, Graca P. Measuring the Transaction Sector in the Polish Economy, 1996-2002[M].9th Annual Conference of International Society for New Institutional Economics. Barcelona.2005
[335]缪仁炳,陈志昂.中国交易费用与经济增长关系的实证分析[J].统计研究.2002(8)：9-13
[336]金玉国.中国交易费用水平的地区差异及其形成机制[J].当代财经.2005(6)：5-9
[337]劳泰艳.中国宏观交易成本变动分析.西安：西北大学.2007
[338]Bamhart and Rosenstein. Board Compensation, Managerial Ownership, and Firm Performance:An Empirical Analysis. The Financial Review,1998:Vol.33:1-16.
[339]Gabre-Madhin E Z. Market Institutions:Transaction Costs and Social Capital in the Ethiopian Grain Market[M]. Free downloads from IFPRI.2001
[340]钟富国.交易成本对经济表现之影响：两岸三地之比较[D].高雄：“国立”中山大学大陆研究所.2003
[341]赵红军.交易效率：衡量一国交易成本的新视角[J].上海经济研究.2005(11)：3-14
[342]郑丽凤.电子商务环境下交易成本对购买意愿的影响分析[D].无锡：江南大学.2009
[343]彭帅.基于交易成本理论的骨科网上购买意愿影响因素研究[D].广州：华南理工大学.2011
[344]肖伟.基于交易成本的我国第三方物流交易模式的选择研究[D].兰州：兰州理工大学.2008
[345]杜国柱,王博涛.商业生态系统与自然生态系统的比较研究[J].北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版).2007(10)：34-39
[346]Peltoniemi M, Vuori E. Business Ecosystem as the New Approach to Complex Adaptive Business Environments[J]. Frontiers of E-business Research.2004:267-281
[347]胡岗岚等.电子商务生态系统及其演化路径[J].经济管理.2009(6)：110-116
[348]胡岗岚等.电子商务生态系统及其协调机制研究——以阿里巴巴集团为例[J].软科学.2009(9)：5-10
[349]刘学理.电子商务生态系统风险评价研究[J].商业时代.2011(30)：43-44
[350]付媛.我国产业集聚研究现状及特征——基于元分析方法[J].未来与发展.2013(6)：76-81
[351]付媛.平台型电子商务服务链网结构特征及协调机制研究[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2013(2)：103-107