布里渊光纤陀螺谐振腔及锁定效应的研究
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摘要
布里渊光纤陀螺作为第三代光纤陀螺,代表了光纤陀螺高精度和小型化的发展方向,它具有小型化和直接频率读出的优势,更适用于捷联惯导系统,目前在国际上只处于理论研究阶段。本文首先针对布里渊光纤陀螺的几个基础问题,如布里渊光纤陀螺的工作原理、布里渊光纤陀螺谐振腔内偏振态稳定性及阈值光功率的研究、布里渊光纤陀螺谐振腔的研究与设计、锁定现象的成因及其抑制方法研究等。本课题的具体研究内容如下:
本文首先介绍了受激布里渊光纤陀螺的工作原理,在分析介绍Sagnac效应的基础上,重点分析了光纤中的受激布里渊散射效应和布里渊光纤陀螺拍频的产生机理。
其次,对布里渊光纤陀螺敏感环中的偏振态稳定性和阈值光功率进行了研究,理论上推导研究了在敏感环熔接点进行偏振主轴旋转不同角度时泵浦光和受激布里渊光的谐振稳定性;分析推导了折射率呈阶跃均匀保偏光纤和折射率呈平方均匀保偏光纤的布里渊散射阈值与光纤长度和光纤纤芯半径的关系,并实验测试了布里渊光纤陀螺谐振腔的阈值。
第三,对布里渊光纤陀螺谐振腔进行了研究与设计。布里渊谐振腔是布里渊光纤陀螺的核心,首先研究了光纤谐振腔的基本结构和原理,然后对谐振腔内的光强进行了分析和研究,最后设计了布里渊光纤谐振腔,并对谐振腔特性进行了测试。
最后,研究了布里渊光纤陀螺的锁定效应,先分析了布里渊光纤陀螺的锁定效应及其成因,然后建立了考虑存在锁定效应的拍频公式和输入输出表达式,并对抑制锁定效应的偏频法和推拉式相位调制法作了详细的研究,最后提出了四频差动方案,并分析了其抑制锁定效应的原理和优点。
As the third generation fiber-optic gyroscope, Brillouin fiber-optic gyroscope (B-FOG) is on behalf of the development direction of fiber optic gyroscope with high precision and miniaturization. Because it has the advantages of small size and frequency direct read out, so it is more applicable to the strap-down inertial navigation system, but in the international there is only research in theoretical stage. This article first researches the basic issues in B-FOG, such as the B-FOG working principle is analyzed, the B-FOG fiber ring resonator is researched and designed, the study on B-FOG threshold power and the cause of the lock-in phenomenon ,then the suppression methods of lock-in phenomenon are proposed. In detail studies as follows:
Firstly, the B-FOG working principle is analyzed in depth. Based on the analysis of Sagnac effect, Stimulated Brillouin scattering effect in the optical fibers is detailed analyzed, and the beat frequency mechanism of Brillouin fiber-optic gyro is investigated.
Secondly, the optical power threshold and polarization stability in B-FOG are analyzed.Theoretically studied at the stability of pumped light and stimulated Brillouin light when polarization spindle rotating at a different angle, and the formulas between threshold with fiber optical length and radius of step refractive index and square refractive index polarization maintaining fiber is presented, and the Brillouin fiber-optic gyroscope resonator threshold is tested by experiment.
Thirdly, the Brillouin fiber-optic gyroscope resonator is researched and tested, the Brillouin cavity is the core of Brillouin fiber-optic gyros, the basic structure and principles are investigated initially, then the light intensity in the resonant cavity are analyzed, then the Brillouin fiber-optic resonant cavity is designed, the theoretical results are verify by experimental tests.
Finally, the lock-in phenomenon in B-FOG is researched and analyzed in detail, first the causes of lock-in phenomenon is researched, then the beat frequency formula which consider the existence of lock-in phenomenon and input-output expression are established, and the partial frequency method and push-pull phase modulation were studied in detail, finally, the principles and advantages of the four-frequency differential system scheme is analyzed in detail.
本文首先介绍了受激布里渊光纤陀螺的工作原理,在分析介绍Sagnac效应的基础上,重点分析了光纤中的受激布里渊散射效应和布里渊光纤陀螺拍频的产生机理。
其次,对布里渊光纤陀螺敏感环中的偏振态稳定性和阈值光功率进行了研究,理论上推导研究了在敏感环熔接点进行偏振主轴旋转不同角度时泵浦光和受激布里渊光的谐振稳定性;分析推导了折射率呈阶跃均匀保偏光纤和折射率呈平方均匀保偏光纤的布里渊散射阈值与光纤长度和光纤纤芯半径的关系,并实验测试了布里渊光纤陀螺谐振腔的阈值。
第三,对布里渊光纤陀螺谐振腔进行了研究与设计。布里渊谐振腔是布里渊光纤陀螺的核心,首先研究了光纤谐振腔的基本结构和原理,然后对谐振腔内的光强进行了分析和研究,最后设计了布里渊光纤谐振腔,并对谐振腔特性进行了测试。
最后,研究了布里渊光纤陀螺的锁定效应,先分析了布里渊光纤陀螺的锁定效应及其成因,然后建立了考虑存在锁定效应的拍频公式和输入输出表达式,并对抑制锁定效应的偏频法和推拉式相位调制法作了详细的研究,最后提出了四频差动方案,并分析了其抑制锁定效应的原理和优点。
As the third generation fiber-optic gyroscope, Brillouin fiber-optic gyroscope (B-FOG) is on behalf of the development direction of fiber optic gyroscope with high precision and miniaturization. Because it has the advantages of small size and frequency direct read out, so it is more applicable to the strap-down inertial navigation system, but in the international there is only research in theoretical stage. This article first researches the basic issues in B-FOG, such as the B-FOG working principle is analyzed, the B-FOG fiber ring resonator is researched and designed, the study on B-FOG threshold power and the cause of the lock-in phenomenon ,then the suppression methods of lock-in phenomenon are proposed. In detail studies as follows:
Firstly, the B-FOG working principle is analyzed in depth. Based on the analysis of Sagnac effect, Stimulated Brillouin scattering effect in the optical fibers is detailed analyzed, and the beat frequency mechanism of Brillouin fiber-optic gyro is investigated.
Secondly, the optical power threshold and polarization stability in B-FOG are analyzed.Theoretically studied at the stability of pumped light and stimulated Brillouin light when polarization spindle rotating at a different angle, and the formulas between threshold with fiber optical length and radius of step refractive index and square refractive index polarization maintaining fiber is presented, and the Brillouin fiber-optic gyroscope resonator threshold is tested by experiment.
Thirdly, the Brillouin fiber-optic gyroscope resonator is researched and tested, the Brillouin cavity is the core of Brillouin fiber-optic gyros, the basic structure and principles are investigated initially, then the light intensity in the resonant cavity are analyzed, then the Brillouin fiber-optic resonant cavity is designed, the theoretical results are verify by experimental tests.
Finally, the lock-in phenomenon in B-FOG is researched and analyzed in detail, first the causes of lock-in phenomenon is researched, then the beat frequency formula which consider the existence of lock-in phenomenon and input-output expression are established, and the partial frequency method and push-pull phase modulation were studied in detail, finally, the principles and advantages of the four-frequency differential system scheme is analyzed in detail.
引文
[1]孙丽,王德钊.国内外光纤陀螺的最新进展.航天工程.2002,(3):9-14页
[2]G.A.Sanders,B.Szafraniec,R.Y.Liu,et al.Fiber optic gyros for space,marine.and aviation applications.in Fiber Optic Gyros:20th Anniversary Conf.Proc.SPIE,1996,2837:61-71P
[3]谭健荣,刘永智,黄琳.光纤陀螺的发展现状.激光技术.2006,30(5):545-547页
[4]刘德君.日本光纤陀螺发展概况.舰船光学.1999,(2):16-22页
[5]徐宇新.光纤陀螺技术趋势—Honeywell公司展望.导航控制.2003,2(4):30-32页
[6]伊小素译.从研发样机到以惯导级光纤陀螺为基础的惯性导航系统:Photonetics-Ixsea公司的经验.导航与控制译文集.2004,(1):1-4页
[7]F.Zarinetchi,“Stiulated Brillouin Fiber optic Laser Gyroscope",Opt.Lett.Vol.16,No.4,pp.229231,Febmary 15.1991
[8]P.J.Thomas,H.M.van Driel and D.I.A.Stegeman.Possibility of using an optical fiber Brillouin ring laser for inertial sensing.Appl.Opt.1980,19:1906-1908P
[9]S.P.Smith,F.Zarinetchi and S.Ezekiel.Narrow-linewidth stimulated Brillouin fiber laser and applicationas.Opt.Lett.1991.16:393-395P
[10]Michael Raab,Thomas Quast.Two-color Brillouin ring laser gyro with gyro-compassing capability.Opt.Lett.Vol.19,No.18.1994:1492-1494P
[11]S.Huang,L.Thevenaz,K.Toyama,B.Y.Kim and H.J.Shaw.Optical Kerr-Effect in Fiber-Optic Brillouin Ring Laser Gyroscopes.IEEE Photon Technol.Lett.1993.5:365-367P
[12]S.Huang,K.Toyama,P.A.Nicati et al.Brillouin fiber optic with push-pull phase modulator and synthetic heterodyne detection.SPIE,Vol.1795,1999:48-59P
[13]Kazuo Hotate.Polarization Problem and Countermeasures in Passive/active Resonator Fiber Optic Gyros.SPIE 1994.2292:227-239P
[14]Y.Tanaka,S.Yamasaki,and Kazuo Hotate.Brillouin Fiber-Optic Gyro with Directional Sensitivity.IEEE Photon.Tech.Lett.1996,8(10):1367-1369P
[15]延凤平,单英,简水生.受激布里渊散射光纤陀螺中受激布里渊散射效应的机理研究.光电子·激光.Vol.11,No.1,2000:32-35页
[16]S.Huang,P.A.Nicati,K.Toyama.Synthetic heterodyne detection in a fiber-optic ring-laser gyro.Opt Lett,Vol.18,No.1,1993:81-83P
[17]K.Takiguchi,K.Hotate.Removal of lock-in phenomenon in optical passive ring-resonator gyro by using optical Kerr-effect in fiber ring resonator.IEEE Photon Technol Lett.Vol.4,No.71992:81O-812P
[18]Y.Tanaka,S.Yamasaki,K.Hotate et al.Brillouin Fiber-Optic Gyro with Directional Sensitivity.IEEE Photon Technol Lett.Vol.8,No.0,1996:1367-1369P
[19][法]Herve C.Lefevre.光纤陀螺仪.张桂才,王巍译.国防工业出版社,2002:5-13页
[20]Sagnac,G.L'ether lumineux demontre part'effect duvent relati d'ether dansun interferometer enrotation uniforme.Compte-rendus det'Academiedes Sciences,Vol.95.1913:708-710P
[21]俄,B.B.谢列金,P.M,库库利耶夫著.激光陀螺及应用.航天工业出版社,1992年10月
[22]F.Zarinetchi,Stimulated Brillouin Fiber-optic Laser Gyroscope,Opt.Lett,Vol.16,No.4,pp.229-231,February 15.1991
[23]A.Kung,L.Thevenaz,P.A.Robert.Polarizationan analysis of Brillouin scattering in a circularly birefringent fiber ring resonator.J.Lightwave Technol,1997,15(6):977-982页
[24]卢亚雄.吕百达.矩阵光学.1989,大连理工出版社,329-338页
[25]程光煦.拉曼,布里渊散射-原理及应用.2001-北京:科学出版社
[26]G.P.AGRAWAL著,胡国绛,黄超译,李世忱校.非线性光纤光学.天津大学出版社,1992年12月,287-314页
[27]A.Kung,L.Thevenaz,P.A.Robert.Polarizationan analysis of Brillouin scattering in a circularly birefringent fiber ring resonator.J.Lightwave Technol,1997,15(6):977-982P
[28]Fengping Yan,Liangzhong Zhang,et.al.Numerical Analysis of the Mode Filed Radius for the Square Law and Step Index Fiber,Optics Technology,No.1.2000
[29]L.F.Stokes,M.Chodorow,and H.J.Shaw,“All-Signal-Mode Fiber Resonator”Opt.Lett.,Vol.7,no16.1982:288-290P
[30]Keiichiro Toyama.BRILLOUIN FIBER-OPTIC GYROSCOPE AND DIGITAL INTEGATING GYRASCOPE.Stanford University,Phd.1996:34-39P.63-65P
[31]单英.受激布里渊散射光纤陀螺偏振特性及信号处理机理的研究.北方交通大学硕士学位论文.2000:23-25页
[32]Pierre-Alain Nicati,K.Toyama and H.J.Shaw.Joumal of lightwave Technology.Vol.13,No.7,1995:1445-1451P
[33]Herve C.Lefevre著.张桂才,王巍译.光纤陀螺仪.国防工业出版社,2002:14页
[34]R.Adler:“A Study of Locking Phenomena in Oscillation”,Proc.of IEEE.,1973,Vol.61,No.10,pp1380-1385
[35]K.Hotate,S.Yamashita:“Grasp of the behavior of lock-in phenomenon and a manner to overcome it inBrillouin Fiber Optic Gyro",SPIE Vol.3541,(Nov.1998),57-65P
[36]Gyorffi,G.L.andW.E.Lamb,“Theory of a Ring Laser”Yale University,1965
[37]魏光辉等.编“激光原理”.国防工业出版社,2000年
[38]曾明.四频差动激光陀螺的研制和进展.激光技术.Vol.17,No.3,1993年6月
[39]姜亚南编著.环型激光陀螺.清华大学出版社,1995年
[40]王京献.激光陀螺抖动偏频技术研究.西北工业大学硕士学位论文.1999笠
[41]S.Huang,K.Toyama,P.A.Nicati et al.Brillouin fiber optic with push-pull phase modulator and synthetic heterodyne detection. SPIE,Vol.1795,1999:48-59P
[42] Michael Raab,Thomas Quast.Two-color Brillouin ring laser gyro with gyro-compassing capability.Opt.Lett.Vol.19,No.18, 1994: 1492-1494P
[2]G.A.Sanders,B.Szafraniec,R.Y.Liu,et al.Fiber optic gyros for space,marine.and aviation applications.in Fiber Optic Gyros:20th Anniversary Conf.Proc.SPIE,1996,2837:61-71P
[3]谭健荣,刘永智,黄琳.光纤陀螺的发展现状.激光技术.2006,30(5):545-547页
[4]刘德君.日本光纤陀螺发展概况.舰船光学.1999,(2):16-22页
[5]徐宇新.光纤陀螺技术趋势—Honeywell公司展望.导航控制.2003,2(4):30-32页
[6]伊小素译.从研发样机到以惯导级光纤陀螺为基础的惯性导航系统:Photonetics-Ixsea公司的经验.导航与控制译文集.2004,(1):1-4页
[7]F.Zarinetchi,“Stiulated Brillouin Fiber optic Laser Gyroscope",Opt.Lett.Vol.16,No.4,pp.229231,Febmary 15.1991
[8]P.J.Thomas,H.M.van Driel and D.I.A.Stegeman.Possibility of using an optical fiber Brillouin ring laser for inertial sensing.Appl.Opt.1980,19:1906-1908P
[9]S.P.Smith,F.Zarinetchi and S.Ezekiel.Narrow-linewidth stimulated Brillouin fiber laser and applicationas.Opt.Lett.1991.16:393-395P
[10]Michael Raab,Thomas Quast.Two-color Brillouin ring laser gyro with gyro-compassing capability.Opt.Lett.Vol.19,No.18.1994:1492-1494P
[11]S.Huang,L.Thevenaz,K.Toyama,B.Y.Kim and H.J.Shaw.Optical Kerr-Effect in Fiber-Optic Brillouin Ring Laser Gyroscopes.IEEE Photon Technol.Lett.1993.5:365-367P
[12]S.Huang,K.Toyama,P.A.Nicati et al.Brillouin fiber optic with push-pull phase modulator and synthetic heterodyne detection.SPIE,Vol.1795,1999:48-59P
[13]Kazuo Hotate.Polarization Problem and Countermeasures in Passive/active Resonator Fiber Optic Gyros.SPIE 1994.2292:227-239P
[14]Y.Tanaka,S.Yamasaki,and Kazuo Hotate.Brillouin Fiber-Optic Gyro with Directional Sensitivity.IEEE Photon.Tech.Lett.1996,8(10):1367-1369P
[15]延凤平,单英,简水生.受激布里渊散射光纤陀螺中受激布里渊散射效应的机理研究.光电子·激光.Vol.11,No.1,2000:32-35页
[16]S.Huang,P.A.Nicati,K.Toyama.Synthetic heterodyne detection in a fiber-optic ring-laser gyro.Opt Lett,Vol.18,No.1,1993:81-83P
[17]K.Takiguchi,K.Hotate.Removal of lock-in phenomenon in optical passive ring-resonator gyro by using optical Kerr-effect in fiber ring resonator.IEEE Photon Technol Lett.Vol.4,No.71992:81O-812P
[18]Y.Tanaka,S.Yamasaki,K.Hotate et al.Brillouin Fiber-Optic Gyro with Directional Sensitivity.IEEE Photon Technol Lett.Vol.8,No.0,1996:1367-1369P
[19][法]Herve C.Lefevre.光纤陀螺仪.张桂才,王巍译.国防工业出版社,2002:5-13页
[20]Sagnac,G.L'ether lumineux demontre part'effect duvent relati d'ether dansun interferometer enrotation uniforme.Compte-rendus det'Academiedes Sciences,Vol.95.1913:708-710P
[21]俄,B.B.谢列金,P.M,库库利耶夫著.激光陀螺及应用.航天工业出版社,1992年10月
[22]F.Zarinetchi,Stimulated Brillouin Fiber-optic Laser Gyroscope,Opt.Lett,Vol.16,No.4,pp.229-231,February 15.1991
[23]A.Kung,L.Thevenaz,P.A.Robert.Polarizationan analysis of Brillouin scattering in a circularly birefringent fiber ring resonator.J.Lightwave Technol,1997,15(6):977-982页
[24]卢亚雄.吕百达.矩阵光学.1989,大连理工出版社,329-338页
[25]程光煦.拉曼,布里渊散射-原理及应用.2001-北京:科学出版社
[26]G.P.AGRAWAL著,胡国绛,黄超译,李世忱校.非线性光纤光学.天津大学出版社,1992年12月,287-314页
[27]A.Kung,L.Thevenaz,P.A.Robert.Polarizationan analysis of Brillouin scattering in a circularly birefringent fiber ring resonator.J.Lightwave Technol,1997,15(6):977-982P
[28]Fengping Yan,Liangzhong Zhang,et.al.Numerical Analysis of the Mode Filed Radius for the Square Law and Step Index Fiber,Optics Technology,No.1.2000
[29]L.F.Stokes,M.Chodorow,and H.J.Shaw,“All-Signal-Mode Fiber Resonator”Opt.Lett.,Vol.7,no16.1982:288-290P
[30]Keiichiro Toyama.BRILLOUIN FIBER-OPTIC GYROSCOPE AND DIGITAL INTEGATING GYRASCOPE.Stanford University,Phd.1996:34-39P.63-65P
[31]单英.受激布里渊散射光纤陀螺偏振特性及信号处理机理的研究.北方交通大学硕士学位论文.2000:23-25页
[32]Pierre-Alain Nicati,K.Toyama and H.J.Shaw.Joumal of lightwave Technology.Vol.13,No.7,1995:1445-1451P
[33]Herve C.Lefevre著.张桂才,王巍译.光纤陀螺仪.国防工业出版社,2002:14页
[34]R.Adler:“A Study of Locking Phenomena in Oscillation”,Proc.of IEEE.,1973,Vol.61,No.10,pp1380-1385
[35]K.Hotate,S.Yamashita:“Grasp of the behavior of lock-in phenomenon and a manner to overcome it inBrillouin Fiber Optic Gyro",SPIE Vol.3541,(Nov.1998),57-65P
[36]Gyorffi,G.L.andW.E.Lamb,“Theory of a Ring Laser”Yale University,1965
[37]魏光辉等.编“激光原理”.国防工业出版社,2000年
[38]曾明.四频差动激光陀螺的研制和进展.激光技术.Vol.17,No.3,1993年6月
[39]姜亚南编著.环型激光陀螺.清华大学出版社,1995年
[40]王京献.激光陀螺抖动偏频技术研究.西北工业大学硕士学位论文.1999笠
[41]S.Huang,K.Toyama,P.A.Nicati et al.Brillouin fiber optic with push-pull phase modulator and synthetic heterodyne detection. SPIE,Vol.1795,1999:48-59P
[42] Michael Raab,Thomas Quast.Two-color Brillouin ring laser gyro with gyro-compassing capability.Opt.Lett.Vol.19,No.18, 1994: 1492-1494P