基于供应链的家具生产企业协同运作机理研究
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摘要
目前由于我国木材资源缺乏,家具生产企业效率较底,我国家具行业面临的挑战越来越严峻。从我国家具生产企业的整体情况看,我国家具生产企业在快速发展的同时存在着不少问题。同发达国家相比,我国家具生产企业劳动生产率总体水平还不高；国内各家具生产企业在家具设计、生产等方面差距较大,沿海和内地发展很不均衡；产品结构不尽合理,创新能力不足导致了大多数家具产品模式千篇一律,个性化不够,知名品牌少,开发能力差,创新产品较少。
随着我国家具市场日趋完善和国际化程度的加深,我国家具生产企业将逐步丧失原有的地域优势,如果单凭原材料、人工成本、国内市场的价格战等低层次重复竞争,将很难在短时期内有明显突破。现在的家具市场已经进入一个产品细分,市场细分,商圈细分的综合时期,家具生产企业的竞争将不仅体现在产品质量、价格以及经营场馆的规模上,还将体现在资本运营和产品经销模式等诸多内容上。对我国家具生产企业来说,多方面、多层次,综合提高企业竞争力,已是迫在眉睫。因此越来越多的家具生产企业都在寻求合作经营,通过供应链上的协同运作来降低成本,提高产品创新能力,从而提升自身竞争力。企业间只有建立合作伙伴关系,互相利用资源网络的优势,才能不断开发新的市场。
本文应用供应链管理理论,协同理论,博弈理论,网格理论等对局部供应链中家具生产企业的横向和纵向协同运作机理展开研究,探寻了家具生产企业的最优运作模式,使得家具生产企业在供应链中达到最佳的横向和纵向协同。在家具生产企业的协同运作过程中最为重要的是信息共享协同、外部预测协同、生产企业间的生产设计协同、运输组织协同等关键环节。
本文首先以纵向的信息共享具有的两个效应作为切入点,针对需求不确定和成本不确定两种条件,结合博弈理论对两种条件下家具生产企业和家具销售商的均衡行为进行研究,得到家具生产企业与家具销售商两个节点间的纵向信息共享决策,从而总结出纵向信息共享的协同机理。
接着,本文利用契约理论及协同理论对三种不同契约条件下企业的收益建立模型。通过比较三种不同契约环境下企业的收益情况,明确了协同预测的策略与哪些因素相关,确定了链上企业从协同预测中受益的帕累托改进区域,并且利用图表显示出了三种不同契约结构下的帕累托区域；从而得出家具供应链中生产—销售两个核心节点间的协同预测机理。
然后,基于现实中多家家具生产企业合作中的等级化分布特点,结合网格理论,本文针对网格环境中企业间分布式资源共享的模式展开研究。以实现合作企业均等的资源共享为目的,提出了一种新的资源分配方案,构建了实现资源共享的框架结构,给出了实现资源均等分配的算法。并通过Gridsim toolkit仿真工具包对三种不同资源情况下新算法的效果进行了仿真,进一步验证了新算法能最大限度地实现共享资源的均等分配。
结合产品研发创新中的成本、企业间的相互影响、技术不确定性等因素,本文对三种不同的协同产品研发模式展开研究,通过构建不同模式下合作企业的收益函数,比较企业在不同协同开发模式下的收益,明确了各种协同研发模式所适合的环境。从而探究出针对不同产品类型,家具生产企业间的协同开发机理,为家具生产企业制定协同开发策略提供了理论依据。
最后,本文从成本均衡分担的角度对多家具生产企业间的成品协同运输进行分析,通过比较多种成本分配的方案,提出了一种改进的成本分配法,使得节约的成本被尽可能公平地分配给各个协同企业,从而从成本的角度探讨了家具生产企业协同运输的机理,为形成稳定的家具生产企业协同运输模式提供了理论支持,使得协同运输的有效开展得到了保障。
At present, because of the lack of wood resource, the production inefficiency of furniture manufacturing enterprise, the furniture industry in china is confronted with more and more serious challenge. On the whole, the furniture manufacturing enterprises in china are developing fast, meanwhile many problems are followed. Compared with the furniture enterprises in developed countries, there are huge gap among the furniture enterprises in furniture design and production, the development of furniture enterprises in coastal and inland areas is very uneven. At the same time, unreasonable product structure and the lack of innovation ability make most furniture product stereotyped without the characteristics of personality and innovation.
With the furniture market getting more perfect and the degree of internationalization getting deeper day by day, the furniture manufacturing enterprises in china will lose their regional advantage. It is very hard for them to get the breakthrough only depended on such advantageous factors as material, labor cost, the price war in domestic market. The furniture market has entered into a comprehensive stage with the feature of product segmentation, market segmentation and business cycle segmentation. The competition among furniture manufacturing enterprises exists not only in the quality, price and the venue size, but also in capital operation and product distribution pattern, etc. It is extremely urgent for furniture enterprises to improve the competitiveness from many aspects and levels. Therefore more and more furniture manufacturing enterprises seek cooperation with one another. Through the collaborative operation of enterprises in supply chain, they achieve the goals such as lower cost, higher innovation ability, and then the competitiveness is also improved. Through the partnership relationship among the furniture enterprises, they could take the advantage of resources network to explore new market.
In the paper, based on supply chain management theory, synergetic theory, game theory, grid theory, and so on, the research on the horizontal and vertical collaborative operation mechanism of furniture manufacturing enterprises in partial supply chain has been carried on to search for the optimal operation model of the furniture enterprise to make the furniture enterprises in the supply chain attain the best horizontal and vertical collaboration. In the collaborative operation of the enterprise, the most important is the collaboration in information sharing, forecasting, design and manufacturing, transportation organization and other key links.
Firstly, the two effects of vertical information sharing are regarded as the penetration point, based on game theory, the equilibrium behavior of furniture manufacturing enterprise and furniture vendors under demand uncertainty and cost uncertainty situations has been examined to get the vertical information sharing decision between the furniture manufacturing enterprise and furniture vendors, and to summarize the synergetic mechanism of vertical information sharing.
Secondly, through contract theory and synergetic theory, the revenue model of the enterprises in the supply chain under three different contracts has been established. Through comparing the revenue under these contracts, we make clear the factors that have something to do with the strategy of collaborative forecast, and determine the Pareto improving area where manufacturing enterprise in the chain will benefit from the collaborative forecast. The Pareto areas under three different contracts are demonstrated. Therefore the collaborative forecast mechanism between two core node in the furniture supply chain-manufacturer and vendor is founded.
Then, based on the hierarchical feature in the cooperative process of furniture manufacturing enterprises in reality, through grid theory, the research on the distributive resource sharing mode among enterprises under grid environment is conducted. Aimed at realizing the equal resource sharing among enterprises, a new adaptive resources allocation scheme is presented, the resource sharing framework is constructed and the algorithm for realizing resource equal allocation is presented. Through Gridsim toolkit simulation tool, we conduct simulation experiment on the effect of new algorithm under three different resource environment and examine that resource can be equally allocated to the utmost extend by this algorithm.
Combined with such factors as cost in innovation, interaction among enterprises, technology uncertainty, the research on the three different modes of collaborative new product development is carried on. Through establishing the revenue function of the enterprises and comparing the revenue under different collaborative development mode, the suitable environment for different collaborative development modes is determined. Therefore the collaborative development mechanisms of furniture manufacturing enterprise oriented to different product are explored, which provides theoretical foundation for enterprises to formulate collaborative development strategy.
Finally, from the perspective of equal allocation of cost, we analyze the collaborative transportation of finished good oriented to furniture manufacturing enterprises. Through comparing many cost allocation methods, in the paper, we present adaptive cost allocation method to make saved cost allocated to every member enterprises in cooperation as fairly as possible. From the point of view of cost, the collaborative transportation mechanism oriented to the furniture manufacturing enterprise as a whole is discussed to provide theoretical support for forming stable furniture manufacturing enterprise collaborative transportation mode, therefore the effective collaborative transportation is guaranteed.
随着我国家具市场日趋完善和国际化程度的加深,我国家具生产企业将逐步丧失原有的地域优势,如果单凭原材料、人工成本、国内市场的价格战等低层次重复竞争,将很难在短时期内有明显突破。现在的家具市场已经进入一个产品细分,市场细分,商圈细分的综合时期,家具生产企业的竞争将不仅体现在产品质量、价格以及经营场馆的规模上,还将体现在资本运营和产品经销模式等诸多内容上。对我国家具生产企业来说,多方面、多层次,综合提高企业竞争力,已是迫在眉睫。因此越来越多的家具生产企业都在寻求合作经营,通过供应链上的协同运作来降低成本,提高产品创新能力,从而提升自身竞争力。企业间只有建立合作伙伴关系,互相利用资源网络的优势,才能不断开发新的市场。
本文应用供应链管理理论,协同理论,博弈理论,网格理论等对局部供应链中家具生产企业的横向和纵向协同运作机理展开研究,探寻了家具生产企业的最优运作模式,使得家具生产企业在供应链中达到最佳的横向和纵向协同。在家具生产企业的协同运作过程中最为重要的是信息共享协同、外部预测协同、生产企业间的生产设计协同、运输组织协同等关键环节。
本文首先以纵向的信息共享具有的两个效应作为切入点,针对需求不确定和成本不确定两种条件,结合博弈理论对两种条件下家具生产企业和家具销售商的均衡行为进行研究,得到家具生产企业与家具销售商两个节点间的纵向信息共享决策,从而总结出纵向信息共享的协同机理。
接着,本文利用契约理论及协同理论对三种不同契约条件下企业的收益建立模型。通过比较三种不同契约环境下企业的收益情况,明确了协同预测的策略与哪些因素相关,确定了链上企业从协同预测中受益的帕累托改进区域,并且利用图表显示出了三种不同契约结构下的帕累托区域；从而得出家具供应链中生产—销售两个核心节点间的协同预测机理。
然后,基于现实中多家家具生产企业合作中的等级化分布特点,结合网格理论,本文针对网格环境中企业间分布式资源共享的模式展开研究。以实现合作企业均等的资源共享为目的,提出了一种新的资源分配方案,构建了实现资源共享的框架结构,给出了实现资源均等分配的算法。并通过Gridsim toolkit仿真工具包对三种不同资源情况下新算法的效果进行了仿真,进一步验证了新算法能最大限度地实现共享资源的均等分配。
结合产品研发创新中的成本、企业间的相互影响、技术不确定性等因素,本文对三种不同的协同产品研发模式展开研究,通过构建不同模式下合作企业的收益函数,比较企业在不同协同开发模式下的收益,明确了各种协同研发模式所适合的环境。从而探究出针对不同产品类型,家具生产企业间的协同开发机理,为家具生产企业制定协同开发策略提供了理论依据。
最后,本文从成本均衡分担的角度对多家具生产企业间的成品协同运输进行分析,通过比较多种成本分配的方案,提出了一种改进的成本分配法,使得节约的成本被尽可能公平地分配给各个协同企业,从而从成本的角度探讨了家具生产企业协同运输的机理,为形成稳定的家具生产企业协同运输模式提供了理论支持,使得协同运输的有效开展得到了保障。
At present, because of the lack of wood resource, the production inefficiency of furniture manufacturing enterprise, the furniture industry in china is confronted with more and more serious challenge. On the whole, the furniture manufacturing enterprises in china are developing fast, meanwhile many problems are followed. Compared with the furniture enterprises in developed countries, there are huge gap among the furniture enterprises in furniture design and production, the development of furniture enterprises in coastal and inland areas is very uneven. At the same time, unreasonable product structure and the lack of innovation ability make most furniture product stereotyped without the characteristics of personality and innovation.
With the furniture market getting more perfect and the degree of internationalization getting deeper day by day, the furniture manufacturing enterprises in china will lose their regional advantage. It is very hard for them to get the breakthrough only depended on such advantageous factors as material, labor cost, the price war in domestic market. The furniture market has entered into a comprehensive stage with the feature of product segmentation, market segmentation and business cycle segmentation. The competition among furniture manufacturing enterprises exists not only in the quality, price and the venue size, but also in capital operation and product distribution pattern, etc. It is extremely urgent for furniture enterprises to improve the competitiveness from many aspects and levels. Therefore more and more furniture manufacturing enterprises seek cooperation with one another. Through the collaborative operation of enterprises in supply chain, they achieve the goals such as lower cost, higher innovation ability, and then the competitiveness is also improved. Through the partnership relationship among the furniture enterprises, they could take the advantage of resources network to explore new market.
In the paper, based on supply chain management theory, synergetic theory, game theory, grid theory, and so on, the research on the horizontal and vertical collaborative operation mechanism of furniture manufacturing enterprises in partial supply chain has been carried on to search for the optimal operation model of the furniture enterprise to make the furniture enterprises in the supply chain attain the best horizontal and vertical collaboration. In the collaborative operation of the enterprise, the most important is the collaboration in information sharing, forecasting, design and manufacturing, transportation organization and other key links.
Firstly, the two effects of vertical information sharing are regarded as the penetration point, based on game theory, the equilibrium behavior of furniture manufacturing enterprise and furniture vendors under demand uncertainty and cost uncertainty situations has been examined to get the vertical information sharing decision between the furniture manufacturing enterprise and furniture vendors, and to summarize the synergetic mechanism of vertical information sharing.
Secondly, through contract theory and synergetic theory, the revenue model of the enterprises in the supply chain under three different contracts has been established. Through comparing the revenue under these contracts, we make clear the factors that have something to do with the strategy of collaborative forecast, and determine the Pareto improving area where manufacturing enterprise in the chain will benefit from the collaborative forecast. The Pareto areas under three different contracts are demonstrated. Therefore the collaborative forecast mechanism between two core node in the furniture supply chain-manufacturer and vendor is founded.
Then, based on the hierarchical feature in the cooperative process of furniture manufacturing enterprises in reality, through grid theory, the research on the distributive resource sharing mode among enterprises under grid environment is conducted. Aimed at realizing the equal resource sharing among enterprises, a new adaptive resources allocation scheme is presented, the resource sharing framework is constructed and the algorithm for realizing resource equal allocation is presented. Through Gridsim toolkit simulation tool, we conduct simulation experiment on the effect of new algorithm under three different resource environment and examine that resource can be equally allocated to the utmost extend by this algorithm.
Combined with such factors as cost in innovation, interaction among enterprises, technology uncertainty, the research on the three different modes of collaborative new product development is carried on. Through establishing the revenue function of the enterprises and comparing the revenue under different collaborative development mode, the suitable environment for different collaborative development modes is determined. Therefore the collaborative development mechanisms of furniture manufacturing enterprise oriented to different product are explored, which provides theoretical foundation for enterprises to formulate collaborative development strategy.
Finally, from the perspective of equal allocation of cost, we analyze the collaborative transportation of finished good oriented to furniture manufacturing enterprises. Through comparing many cost allocation methods, in the paper, we present adaptive cost allocation method to make saved cost allocated to every member enterprises in cooperation as fairly as possible. From the point of view of cost, the collaborative transportation mechanism oriented to the furniture manufacturing enterprise as a whole is discussed to provide theoretical support for forming stable furniture manufacturing enterprise collaborative transportation mode, therefore the effective collaborative transportation is guaranteed.
引文
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