基于Web的物联网应用体系架构和关键技术研究
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摘要
泛在与普适计算领域的研究一直以来就关注将物理设备整合到数字世界中并面向用户提供服务。近年来,随着物联网(Internet of Things, IoT)技术的普及和嵌入式的设备的大量的研发部署,使得智能物体的种类和数量都在不断的增长,物联网设备和系统在人们的日常生活使用中也越来越普及。但是由于物联网设备和平台异构性强、平台架构封闭化、耦合度高和扩展性差等问题,导致了物联网应用的碎片化、开发门槛高、开发周期长的现状。
针对以上背景和问题,我们提出了基于Web的物联网业务环境(Web of Things Service Environment, WoTSE)的概念。其核心思想是遵从Representational State Transfer (REST)的风格架构和Web的技术标准将物联网中的各种设备资源无缝接入到互联网中并以Web的形式开放,从而来整合异构的物联网设备,降低开发物联网应用的技术门槛,同时保证系统分布式、松耦合以及可大规模部署的特性。本文的研究重点就是WoTSE的体系架构设计和其中关键技术的研究。
针对构建该开放和可扩展物联网应用架构的设计需求,我们采用了面向资源的架构风格对WoTSE架构进行设计,并且选择使用基于REST风格的接口类型。基于对架构风格和接口类型选择的研究结论,我们提出了WoTSE的架构并对其功能实体进行了详细设计。在此架构基础上我们设计了面向资源架构下的物联网资源模型并对如何将物联网设备接入Web进行了实现策略方面的分析。通过将WoTSE架构与传统物联网架构的对比,我们说明了该架构在构建分布式、松耦合、可扩展和低开发门槛的开放物联网应用平台方面的优势。
针对WoTSE体系下如何将细粒度的Web化物联网设备资源与粗粒度的商业应用进行服务聚合的问题,本文提出了基于合Business Process Execution Language (BPEL)业务流的WoT智能资源聚合方法,该技术解决方案对应于WoTSE层次化架构模型中的资源聚合层中的关键技术问题。结合BPEL业务流聚合和建模方法,我们将业务流程管理方法和基于业务流的业务聚合方法引入到WoT的资源聚合的方法研究和设计中。该方法对BPEL标准进行了扩展,使其支持对基于RESTful Web Service的WoT智能资源的绑定和调用,同时支持业务流的组件化封装和调用。我们基于芬兰真实的智慧养老案例,对基于BPEL业务流的WoT智能资源聚合方法进行了可行性分析和验证。最后我们将该方法与传统的服务聚合方案进行了对比分析,得出与其它方案相比该方法在互操作性、复杂性、灵活性、兼容性和敏捷性方面都具有优势。
针对WoTSE的体系下如何对Web化的智能设备资源进行上下文建模的问题,本文提出面向资源的基于Petri网(PN)和Event-Condition-Action (ECA)模型的动态情境建模方法,该技术解决方案对应于WoTSE层次化架构模型中的基础智能服务支撑层中的关键技术问题。面向资源的动态情境建模方法利用了REST的设计思想,结合PN和ECA模型将上下文建模为可形式化表达和可基于策略执行的动态情境。首先,该方法遵循了REST的架构风格。在REST风格的限制下,上下文被设计为可模块化、可复用可聚合的资源。其次,PN模型被引入用于描述动态情境中上下文资源间的动态关联和依赖关系。这样上下文资源能够建模为基于业务流的形式,并且PN的形式化和图形化特性使得上下文模型的正确性是可以计算和验证的。最后,为了使得动态情境模型可以在具体应用场景执行,我们引入了具备规则特性的ECA模型,并提出了一种基于XML的ECA-based Context Petri Net Markup Language (ECA-CPNML)动态情境建模语言,通过该语言建模的情境可在规则引擎中部署执行。
最后,WoTSE是一种面向应用创新的物联网业务环境架构,具备开放性、低门槛性、协同性和自组织性四个特点。Living Lab是一种以用户为中心的创新方法和创新环境,结合Living Lab的概念,我们针对WoTSE体系架构下的三个应用场景：智慧校园、智慧养老和智能家居证明了WoTSE体系架构支持物联网业务创新的可行性和合理性。同时,我们也从创新机制演进的视角,将Web2.0和LL进行了比较分析,从互联网创新的角度对LL创新方法在物联网应用方面的应用进行了讨论总结。
A central concern in the area of pervasive computing has been the integration of physical artifiacts with the digital worlds and providing service to the end-user. In recent years, the pervasiveness of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and developments in the fields of embedded devices has led to smart things and systems increasingly populating our daily life. However, the devices and platform are heterogengeous, and IoT platforms are closed, tightly-coupledw with low scalability. It leads to fragment of application, high developing barrier and long developing cycle.
Within these background and scope, we proposed a Web of Things Service Environment (WoTSE). The core idea of WoTSE is following Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style and Web standard to seamlessly integrate devices into Web. In this paper, we focus on designing the architecture of WoTSE and researching on the key technologies within it.
According to the requirements of designing a open and scalable IoT application architecture, we propose to adopt Resource Oriented Architecture (ROA) as the architectural style and REST as the interface pattern of WoTSE. Then we proposed the detailed architecture of WoTSE with specific functional entity. Furthermore, we illustrate the resource model under the WoTSE framework and analyze the implementation strategy to integrate IoT devices into Web. With the comparison from WoTSE to traditional IoT architecture, we illustrate the advantages of the WoTSE to build up distributed, loosely-coupled, open IoT application platform with low barriers of developing IoT applications.
According to the problem of how to integrate fine-grained WoT resoures with the corse-grained business applications, we propose a Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) workflow-based WoT resource composition method. This solution maps to the key technology of Resource Composition Layer in WoTSE architecture. This method extends the BPEL standard to support the binding and invoking of RESTful WoT resource in a workflow, as well as the encapsulation and reuse of workflow process. We anlyze and verify the feasibility of the solution based on the real-life aging care case in Finland. We compare this solution with the traditional service compostion methods and find out that our solution have better interoperability, flexibility and agility with low complexity.
According to the problem of how to model context based on the WoT resource, we propose a Resource Oriented Dynamic Situation Modeling Method based on Petri Net (PN) and Event-Condition-Action (ECA). This solution maps to the key technology of Fundamental Intelligent Service Supporting Layer in WoTSE architecture. This method follows REST principles that context are abstract as resource-oriented building block which is modular, reusable and composable. PN model is introduced to describe the dyanamic relationships and dependencies among context resources in certain situations. Moreover, ECA rule module is also introduced to make modeled context executed. The ECA-CPNAML dynamic situation modeling language is designed, based on which dynamic situation could be deployed and executed in a rule engine.
Finally, WoTSE is an Innovation-driven IoT service environment, which features as opennes, low barrier, collaborativeness and self-organized. While Living Lab (LL) is an emerging user-centric innovation approach and has been widely used to facilitate ICT innovations. So based on the LL concept, we evaluate three WoTSE case: Smart Campus, Intelligent Aging Care and Smart Home to prove the feasibility and reasonability of WoTSE's supporing on IoT service innovation. Then Inspired by Web2.0innovation model in Interent world, we research on the innovation method and principles under the WoTSE scope based on Living Lab. We explores a set of Living Lab innovation principles by extending the Web2.0principles proposed by O'reilly.
针对以上背景和问题,我们提出了基于Web的物联网业务环境(Web of Things Service Environment, WoTSE)的概念。其核心思想是遵从Representational State Transfer (REST)的风格架构和Web的技术标准将物联网中的各种设备资源无缝接入到互联网中并以Web的形式开放,从而来整合异构的物联网设备,降低开发物联网应用的技术门槛,同时保证系统分布式、松耦合以及可大规模部署的特性。本文的研究重点就是WoTSE的体系架构设计和其中关键技术的研究。
针对构建该开放和可扩展物联网应用架构的设计需求,我们采用了面向资源的架构风格对WoTSE架构进行设计,并且选择使用基于REST风格的接口类型。基于对架构风格和接口类型选择的研究结论,我们提出了WoTSE的架构并对其功能实体进行了详细设计。在此架构基础上我们设计了面向资源架构下的物联网资源模型并对如何将物联网设备接入Web进行了实现策略方面的分析。通过将WoTSE架构与传统物联网架构的对比,我们说明了该架构在构建分布式、松耦合、可扩展和低开发门槛的开放物联网应用平台方面的优势。
针对WoTSE体系下如何将细粒度的Web化物联网设备资源与粗粒度的商业应用进行服务聚合的问题,本文提出了基于合Business Process Execution Language (BPEL)业务流的WoT智能资源聚合方法,该技术解决方案对应于WoTSE层次化架构模型中的资源聚合层中的关键技术问题。结合BPEL业务流聚合和建模方法,我们将业务流程管理方法和基于业务流的业务聚合方法引入到WoT的资源聚合的方法研究和设计中。该方法对BPEL标准进行了扩展,使其支持对基于RESTful Web Service的WoT智能资源的绑定和调用,同时支持业务流的组件化封装和调用。我们基于芬兰真实的智慧养老案例,对基于BPEL业务流的WoT智能资源聚合方法进行了可行性分析和验证。最后我们将该方法与传统的服务聚合方案进行了对比分析,得出与其它方案相比该方法在互操作性、复杂性、灵活性、兼容性和敏捷性方面都具有优势。
针对WoTSE的体系下如何对Web化的智能设备资源进行上下文建模的问题,本文提出面向资源的基于Petri网(PN)和Event-Condition-Action (ECA)模型的动态情境建模方法,该技术解决方案对应于WoTSE层次化架构模型中的基础智能服务支撑层中的关键技术问题。面向资源的动态情境建模方法利用了REST的设计思想,结合PN和ECA模型将上下文建模为可形式化表达和可基于策略执行的动态情境。首先,该方法遵循了REST的架构风格。在REST风格的限制下,上下文被设计为可模块化、可复用可聚合的资源。其次,PN模型被引入用于描述动态情境中上下文资源间的动态关联和依赖关系。这样上下文资源能够建模为基于业务流的形式,并且PN的形式化和图形化特性使得上下文模型的正确性是可以计算和验证的。最后,为了使得动态情境模型可以在具体应用场景执行,我们引入了具备规则特性的ECA模型,并提出了一种基于XML的ECA-based Context Petri Net Markup Language (ECA-CPNML)动态情境建模语言,通过该语言建模的情境可在规则引擎中部署执行。
最后,WoTSE是一种面向应用创新的物联网业务环境架构,具备开放性、低门槛性、协同性和自组织性四个特点。Living Lab是一种以用户为中心的创新方法和创新环境,结合Living Lab的概念,我们针对WoTSE体系架构下的三个应用场景：智慧校园、智慧养老和智能家居证明了WoTSE体系架构支持物联网业务创新的可行性和合理性。同时,我们也从创新机制演进的视角,将Web2.0和LL进行了比较分析,从互联网创新的角度对LL创新方法在物联网应用方面的应用进行了讨论总结。
A central concern in the area of pervasive computing has been the integration of physical artifiacts with the digital worlds and providing service to the end-user. In recent years, the pervasiveness of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and developments in the fields of embedded devices has led to smart things and systems increasingly populating our daily life. However, the devices and platform are heterogengeous, and IoT platforms are closed, tightly-coupledw with low scalability. It leads to fragment of application, high developing barrier and long developing cycle.
Within these background and scope, we proposed a Web of Things Service Environment (WoTSE). The core idea of WoTSE is following Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style and Web standard to seamlessly integrate devices into Web. In this paper, we focus on designing the architecture of WoTSE and researching on the key technologies within it.
According to the requirements of designing a open and scalable IoT application architecture, we propose to adopt Resource Oriented Architecture (ROA) as the architectural style and REST as the interface pattern of WoTSE. Then we proposed the detailed architecture of WoTSE with specific functional entity. Furthermore, we illustrate the resource model under the WoTSE framework and analyze the implementation strategy to integrate IoT devices into Web. With the comparison from WoTSE to traditional IoT architecture, we illustrate the advantages of the WoTSE to build up distributed, loosely-coupled, open IoT application platform with low barriers of developing IoT applications.
According to the problem of how to integrate fine-grained WoT resoures with the corse-grained business applications, we propose a Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) workflow-based WoT resource composition method. This solution maps to the key technology of Resource Composition Layer in WoTSE architecture. This method extends the BPEL standard to support the binding and invoking of RESTful WoT resource in a workflow, as well as the encapsulation and reuse of workflow process. We anlyze and verify the feasibility of the solution based on the real-life aging care case in Finland. We compare this solution with the traditional service compostion methods and find out that our solution have better interoperability, flexibility and agility with low complexity.
According to the problem of how to model context based on the WoT resource, we propose a Resource Oriented Dynamic Situation Modeling Method based on Petri Net (PN) and Event-Condition-Action (ECA). This solution maps to the key technology of Fundamental Intelligent Service Supporting Layer in WoTSE architecture. This method follows REST principles that context are abstract as resource-oriented building block which is modular, reusable and composable. PN model is introduced to describe the dyanamic relationships and dependencies among context resources in certain situations. Moreover, ECA rule module is also introduced to make modeled context executed. The ECA-CPNAML dynamic situation modeling language is designed, based on which dynamic situation could be deployed and executed in a rule engine.
Finally, WoTSE is an Innovation-driven IoT service environment, which features as opennes, low barrier, collaborativeness and self-organized. While Living Lab (LL) is an emerging user-centric innovation approach and has been widely used to facilitate ICT innovations. So based on the LL concept, we evaluate three WoTSE case: Smart Campus, Intelligent Aging Care and Smart Home to prove the feasibility and reasonability of WoTSE's supporing on IoT service innovation. Then Inspired by Web2.0innovation model in Interent world, we research on the innovation method and principles under the WoTSE scope based on Living Lab. We explores a set of Living Lab innovation principles by extending the Web2.0principles proposed by O'reilly.
引文
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