生产型供应链脆弱性若干关键问题研究
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摘要
随着经济全球化的发展和社会分工的不断精细，制造业在获得众多发展机会的同时也面临着来自各个方面的压力与挑战。在激烈的竞争环境中，不少企业联合起来，以供应链的方式组织生产并参与竞争，实践表明，这种生产及竞争方式有利于生产专业化的发展以及更广范围合作的兴起，因此，有关供应链的研究内容一直受到企业界和学术界的重视。
然而，随着合作的地域范围及合作领域的不断拓展，供应链系统的规模也逐渐扩大，这在一定程度上增加了供应链受到来自内部、外部等众多因素影响的概率，也给供应链正常的运作带来严重的影响，使得供应链呈现出了一定的脆弱性。随着供应链内外部各种状况的不断出现，围绕供应链脆弱性的话题随即引起了企业界和学术界的广泛关注。
论文在分析生产型供应链实际情况及相关领域研究现状的基础上，针对生产型供应链的脆弱性问题，从不同角度建立具有针对性的分析模型，设计可量化的分析方法，为供应链脆弱性的研究提出了新的研究思路。论文的主要研究内容如下：
①分析总结国内外不同学者及科研机构对供应链及脆弱性展开的研究，明确供应链、系统脆弱性以及生产型供应链脆弱性等相关概念，在此基础上对生产型供应链的影响因素展开分析，明确生产型供应链脆弱性的产生环境及其影响因素，为生产型供应链脆弱性研究内容的设计与展开打下基础。
②在对生产型供应链脆弱性各相关概念、特点，以及环境、要素等内容展开详细分析基础上，确定论文的研究定位，并提出生产型供应链脆弱性分析的关键问题，明确论文的研究内容，之后设计详细的技术方案，以量化的分析方法解决脆弱性研究中的具体问题，最后搭建论文研究的总体框架，针对论文提出的供应链脆弱性问题从拓扑结构、供应商质量以及生产协同效率三个方面展开研究，为生产型供应链的脆弱性研究提出研究思路及具体研究方法，并指导论文后续研究的开展。
③研究生产型供应链网络组织的拓扑特性，构建针对生产型供应链拓扑结构的节点重要度计算加权分析模型。模型中用节点收缩法分析供应链拓扑网络节点的网络结构重要度，通过分析各个节点在收缩前后供应链拓扑网络凝聚度的变化，以此量化某一节点的结构重要度；为使计算结果接近客观实际，模型中提出一种用于分析各供应单元间相互影响的计算方法，并将此权重转化为该节点对周围环境的影响重要度。最后，通过实例验证了研究方法的有效性。
④研究生产型供应链中供应商质量评价模型。首先，分析供应商特点及供应商质量的影响因素，设计供应商质量评价的初步指标集；其次，针对指标评价标准及指标性质不同，提出一种混合量化方法；之后，基于小波神经网络(WNN)构建了供应商质量评价的基本网络模型，并利用蚁群算法模型(ACO)对其中的网络参数进行同步优化。最后，通过实例验证了该评价模型的可行性与实用性。
⑤研究生产型供应链中生产主体及生产客体作用关系，构建供应链生产协同效率分析模型。在分析和研究供应链协同问题的基础上，总结生产型供应链协同的组织结构特征及参与主体特征，然后构建了多层次结构的组织模型；进一步细化研究供应链生产中的主体间互动作用及生产客体的复杂性，并分别提出主体间互动作用的度量方法和生产客体复杂度的计算方法，在此基础上，构建了生产型供应链协同效率的分析模型，并设计一种改进免疫克隆算法进行求解。
With the development of economic globalization and constantly fine of socialdivision of labor, manufacturing was facing pressures and challenges from variousaspects, as it won many development opportunities at the same time. In the fiercecompetitive environment, many enterprises united with each other to organize theproduction and participate in the competition in the form of supply chain. Practice hadproved, this way of production and competition was conducive to the development ofthe specialization of production and the rise of a wider range of cooperation. Therefore,the research content about the supply chain had been brought to the attention of thebusiness community and academia.
However, with the expanding of geographical scope and field of cooperation, thesize of the supply chain system was also gradually expanding, which increased theprobability that the supply chain was influenced by internal, external, and many otherfactors to a certain extent, bring serious impacts to normal production of supply chain,and made the supply chain reveal a certain vulnerability. With the appearance of allsorts of surprises of supply chain, the issues of vulnerability in supply chain causedextensive concern of the business community and academia.
On the basis of the analysis of the actual situation and related research field statusquo of manufacturing supply chain, this paper put forward the different analysis angelsof the vulnerability in supply chain, established a targeted analysis model, and designedthe quantifiable analysis methods, which put forward a new research idea for researchof the vulnerability in supply chain. The main research content of this paper is asfollows:
①Through the analysis and summarization of supply chain and its vulnerability inwhich both different scholars and research institutions at home and abroad study, therelated concept of supply chain, system vulnerability and the vulnerability inmanufacturing supply chain were cleared firstly. On this basis, the influence factors ofmanufacturing supply were analyzed, and the manufacturing supply chain riskenvironment and risk structure were specified, which laid foundation for the analysis ofthe vulnerability manufacturing supply chain's influence factors.
②On the basis of the research status and practical problems of the vulnerability inmanufacturing supply chain, the author put forward the clear thesis topic, then designed the detailed research thinking and guided the paper to launch a series of studies. Then,the overall framework of this paper was set up, which designed the research contents ofthe vulnerability in manufacturing supply chain based on three different perspective, putforward the topology network analysis to improve the weighted network nodecontraction method, R-A-WNN supplier quality evaluation and the analysis of thesupplier collaborative efficiency based on the immune clone algorithm. In the light ofthe characteristics of each specific question,these three methods considered theimportant influence part on calculation of the production，in order to make the resultmore accord with objective reality.
③The topology of network organization in manufacturing supply chain wasresearched, and a weighted analysis model about the node importance was builtaccording to topology of the manufacturing supply chain. In the model, the importancedegree of network structure of the supply chain topology nodes was analyzed by nodecontraction method. Then, through the analysis of the change degree of supply chainnetwork topology condensation before and after the node contraction, the structuralimportance of a node could be quantified. In order to make the calculation result accordwith objective reality, a calculation method for the analysis of the interaction betweenthe supply units was proposed in the model, which transformed the weighting of nodesinto the impact on the surrounding environment of the node. Finally, an example wasused to verify the validity of the research methods.
④Supplier quality evaluation model of manufacturing supply chain wereresearched. Firstly, the influence factors of suppliers and their quality were analyzed,and preliminary evaluation index set of supplier quality was designed; Secondly, aimedat the difference of index evaluation's standard and index's character, a hybridquantitative method was put forward; And then, the basic network model of the supplierquality evaluation based on wavelet neural network (WNN) was built, whose networkparameters were also synchronously optimized by the use of ant colony algorithmmodel(ACO); Finally, the feasibility and practicality of this evaluation model wereverified through an application example.
⑤Supply chain vulnerability analysis model based on collaborative efficiency inmanufacturing supply chain were researched. Based on the analysis and research ofsupply chain collaborative problem, organization structure characteristics andparticipation subject characteristics of manufacturing supply chain collaboration weresummarized, and then the organization model of multi-layer structure was constructed; What's more, interaction effect between subject and object and complexity ofproduction object in the supply chain manufacturing process were further detailingresearched, and measures of interaction effect between subject and object, calculation ofproduction object's complexity were given. On this basis, analysis model ofcollaborative efficiency in manufacturing supply chain was built, and in order to solve it,an improved immune clone algorithm was designed.
然而，随着合作的地域范围及合作领域的不断拓展，供应链系统的规模也逐渐扩大，这在一定程度上增加了供应链受到来自内部、外部等众多因素影响的概率，也给供应链正常的运作带来严重的影响，使得供应链呈现出了一定的脆弱性。随着供应链内外部各种状况的不断出现，围绕供应链脆弱性的话题随即引起了企业界和学术界的广泛关注。
论文在分析生产型供应链实际情况及相关领域研究现状的基础上，针对生产型供应链的脆弱性问题，从不同角度建立具有针对性的分析模型，设计可量化的分析方法，为供应链脆弱性的研究提出了新的研究思路。论文的主要研究内容如下：
①分析总结国内外不同学者及科研机构对供应链及脆弱性展开的研究，明确供应链、系统脆弱性以及生产型供应链脆弱性等相关概念，在此基础上对生产型供应链的影响因素展开分析，明确生产型供应链脆弱性的产生环境及其影响因素，为生产型供应链脆弱性研究内容的设计与展开打下基础。
②在对生产型供应链脆弱性各相关概念、特点，以及环境、要素等内容展开详细分析基础上，确定论文的研究定位，并提出生产型供应链脆弱性分析的关键问题，明确论文的研究内容，之后设计详细的技术方案，以量化的分析方法解决脆弱性研究中的具体问题，最后搭建论文研究的总体框架，针对论文提出的供应链脆弱性问题从拓扑结构、供应商质量以及生产协同效率三个方面展开研究，为生产型供应链的脆弱性研究提出研究思路及具体研究方法，并指导论文后续研究的开展。
③研究生产型供应链网络组织的拓扑特性，构建针对生产型供应链拓扑结构的节点重要度计算加权分析模型。模型中用节点收缩法分析供应链拓扑网络节点的网络结构重要度，通过分析各个节点在收缩前后供应链拓扑网络凝聚度的变化，以此量化某一节点的结构重要度；为使计算结果接近客观实际，模型中提出一种用于分析各供应单元间相互影响的计算方法，并将此权重转化为该节点对周围环境的影响重要度。最后，通过实例验证了研究方法的有效性。
④研究生产型供应链中供应商质量评价模型。首先，分析供应商特点及供应商质量的影响因素，设计供应商质量评价的初步指标集；其次，针对指标评价标准及指标性质不同，提出一种混合量化方法；之后，基于小波神经网络(WNN)构建了供应商质量评价的基本网络模型，并利用蚁群算法模型(ACO)对其中的网络参数进行同步优化。最后，通过实例验证了该评价模型的可行性与实用性。
⑤研究生产型供应链中生产主体及生产客体作用关系，构建供应链生产协同效率分析模型。在分析和研究供应链协同问题的基础上，总结生产型供应链协同的组织结构特征及参与主体特征，然后构建了多层次结构的组织模型；进一步细化研究供应链生产中的主体间互动作用及生产客体的复杂性，并分别提出主体间互动作用的度量方法和生产客体复杂度的计算方法，在此基础上，构建了生产型供应链协同效率的分析模型，并设计一种改进免疫克隆算法进行求解。
With the development of economic globalization and constantly fine of socialdivision of labor, manufacturing was facing pressures and challenges from variousaspects, as it won many development opportunities at the same time. In the fiercecompetitive environment, many enterprises united with each other to organize theproduction and participate in the competition in the form of supply chain. Practice hadproved, this way of production and competition was conducive to the development ofthe specialization of production and the rise of a wider range of cooperation. Therefore,the research content about the supply chain had been brought to the attention of thebusiness community and academia.
However, with the expanding of geographical scope and field of cooperation, thesize of the supply chain system was also gradually expanding, which increased theprobability that the supply chain was influenced by internal, external, and many otherfactors to a certain extent, bring serious impacts to normal production of supply chain,and made the supply chain reveal a certain vulnerability. With the appearance of allsorts of surprises of supply chain, the issues of vulnerability in supply chain causedextensive concern of the business community and academia.
On the basis of the analysis of the actual situation and related research field statusquo of manufacturing supply chain, this paper put forward the different analysis angelsof the vulnerability in supply chain, established a targeted analysis model, and designedthe quantifiable analysis methods, which put forward a new research idea for researchof the vulnerability in supply chain. The main research content of this paper is asfollows:
①Through the analysis and summarization of supply chain and its vulnerability inwhich both different scholars and research institutions at home and abroad study, therelated concept of supply chain, system vulnerability and the vulnerability inmanufacturing supply chain were cleared firstly. On this basis, the influence factors ofmanufacturing supply were analyzed, and the manufacturing supply chain riskenvironment and risk structure were specified, which laid foundation for the analysis ofthe vulnerability manufacturing supply chain's influence factors.
②On the basis of the research status and practical problems of the vulnerability inmanufacturing supply chain, the author put forward the clear thesis topic, then designed the detailed research thinking and guided the paper to launch a series of studies. Then,the overall framework of this paper was set up, which designed the research contents ofthe vulnerability in manufacturing supply chain based on three different perspective, putforward the topology network analysis to improve the weighted network nodecontraction method, R-A-WNN supplier quality evaluation and the analysis of thesupplier collaborative efficiency based on the immune clone algorithm. In the light ofthe characteristics of each specific question,these three methods considered theimportant influence part on calculation of the production，in order to make the resultmore accord with objective reality.
③The topology of network organization in manufacturing supply chain wasresearched, and a weighted analysis model about the node importance was builtaccording to topology of the manufacturing supply chain. In the model, the importancedegree of network structure of the supply chain topology nodes was analyzed by nodecontraction method. Then, through the analysis of the change degree of supply chainnetwork topology condensation before and after the node contraction, the structuralimportance of a node could be quantified. In order to make the calculation result accordwith objective reality, a calculation method for the analysis of the interaction betweenthe supply units was proposed in the model, which transformed the weighting of nodesinto the impact on the surrounding environment of the node. Finally, an example wasused to verify the validity of the research methods.
④Supplier quality evaluation model of manufacturing supply chain wereresearched. Firstly, the influence factors of suppliers and their quality were analyzed,and preliminary evaluation index set of supplier quality was designed; Secondly, aimedat the difference of index evaluation's standard and index's character, a hybridquantitative method was put forward; And then, the basic network model of the supplierquality evaluation based on wavelet neural network (WNN) was built, whose networkparameters were also synchronously optimized by the use of ant colony algorithmmodel(ACO); Finally, the feasibility and practicality of this evaluation model wereverified through an application example.
⑤Supply chain vulnerability analysis model based on collaborative efficiency inmanufacturing supply chain were researched. Based on the analysis and research ofsupply chain collaborative problem, organization structure characteristics andparticipation subject characteristics of manufacturing supply chain collaboration weresummarized, and then the organization model of multi-layer structure was constructed; What's more, interaction effect between subject and object and complexity ofproduction object in the supply chain manufacturing process were further detailingresearched, and measures of interaction effect between subject and object, calculation ofproduction object's complexity were given. On this basis, analysis model ofcollaborative efficiency in manufacturing supply chain was built, and in order to solve it,an improved immune clone algorithm was designed.
引文
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