以知识点为中心的智能教学系统构建方法研究及实用教学系统的设计
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摘要
智能教学系统是涉及人工智能、计算机科学、认知科学和教育学的综合性课题，其研究的最终目的是由计算机系统担负起人类教育的主要责任，即赋予计算机系统以智能，由计算机系统在一定程度上代替人类教师实现最佳教学。智能教学系统研究的意义在于减轻人类教师的教学工作量、提高教育质量、增进人类对其自身认知过程的了解和带动相关学科的发展。这就要求计算机系统具备领域知识、教学知识、了解学生的能力以及跟学生交互的能力。而具备上述知识和能力对目前的计算机而言是困难的，所以智能教学系统研究中有知识的表示、对学生的评估、学生错误的诊断、教学规划、人机自然语言对话处理等技术难题。智能教学系统研究的难度在于：一是它涉及到多门学科，所用到的相关学科的技术即使在本学科也是不成熟的，并且这些技术应用于教学系统会产生新的问题；二是人类对其自身的学习过程缺乏认识。所以说，智能教学系统的研究有相当的难度，是个世界性难题。
智能教学系统的研究有二十年的时间，基于认知科学、人工智能中有些关键问题仍不能很好地得以解决这样一个事实，有必要探索智能教学系统的构建方法和首先突破的应用领域，开发实用的教学系统，然后再在此实用教学系统上研究智能教学系统中未解决的问题。
本课题的研究旨在探索一种构建智能教学系统的新的思路，以克服以往研究方法上的不足。本文以中小学基础教育为智能教学系统的主要应用领域，重点进行了以知识点为中心的智能教学系统的构建方法的研究，并将所提出的方法应用于实用系统的设计中，此外，还就基于范例的教学系统的设计和实现技术等进行了研究。
本文的工作主要是围绕以下三个方面进行的：以知识点为中心的智能教学系统构建方法研究；在此构建方法框架下进行中学化学智能教学系统MSCITS的设计和实现；对近年来研究得较多的基于范例的教学系统做了认真的分析，并设计了一个基于范例的网上专业阅读教学系统。
本文的研究具有以下特点：
1．提出了以知识点为中心的智能教学系统构建方法。在此构建方法框架下提出了领域知识库的组织、学生评估模型构造、错误诊断及原
Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is a discipline which is related to artificial intelligence, computer science, cognitive science, education and psychology. The purpose of research on ITS is to teach human beings by programs automatically instead of by human teachers. The significance of research on ITS lies in that it can be used to relieve teachers from preparing lessons, to improve education quality, to make the human beings cognitive process clearly and to boost the development of related sciences such as cognitive science, artificial intelligence, etc. To reach these purpose, ITS should have domain knowledge, instructional knowledge, the ability to understand students and to communicate with students. But it is difficult for the current computer to have all the knowledge and abilities. So research on ITS have problems such as knowledge representation, student modeling, diagnosis for students, instruction plan and natural language process issues. The difficulties of research on ITS lie in two aspects: one is that techniques ITS uses are involved several sciences and remain unresolved; The other is that the learning process is unclear for scientists and researchers. So research on intelligent tutoring system is difficult for all the researchers in the world.
Survey of ITS efforts shows that the methodology for ITS should be modified. A new method for developing intelligent tutoring systems is presented in this paper, which takes the domain knowledge unit as the key point in constructing systems. An intelligent tutoring system for middle school chemistry course named MSCITS is developed. Research on the application of case-based reasoning in ITS is reported and a case-based training system named English Reading System(ERS) is designed.
The main characteristics of this project are as follows:
(1) A new method for developing intelligent tutoring systems is presented, which takes the domain knowledge unit as the key point in organizing instruction process. Methods for building domain knowledge base, student modeling, diagnosis for students, and instructional plan are improved.
智能教学系统的研究有二十年的时间，基于认知科学、人工智能中有些关键问题仍不能很好地得以解决这样一个事实，有必要探索智能教学系统的构建方法和首先突破的应用领域，开发实用的教学系统，然后再在此实用教学系统上研究智能教学系统中未解决的问题。
本课题的研究旨在探索一种构建智能教学系统的新的思路，以克服以往研究方法上的不足。本文以中小学基础教育为智能教学系统的主要应用领域，重点进行了以知识点为中心的智能教学系统的构建方法的研究，并将所提出的方法应用于实用系统的设计中，此外，还就基于范例的教学系统的设计和实现技术等进行了研究。
本文的工作主要是围绕以下三个方面进行的：以知识点为中心的智能教学系统构建方法研究；在此构建方法框架下进行中学化学智能教学系统MSCITS的设计和实现；对近年来研究得较多的基于范例的教学系统做了认真的分析，并设计了一个基于范例的网上专业阅读教学系统。
本文的研究具有以下特点：
1．提出了以知识点为中心的智能教学系统构建方法。在此构建方法框架下提出了领域知识库的组织、学生评估模型构造、错误诊断及原
Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is a discipline which is related to artificial intelligence, computer science, cognitive science, education and psychology. The purpose of research on ITS is to teach human beings by programs automatically instead of by human teachers. The significance of research on ITS lies in that it can be used to relieve teachers from preparing lessons, to improve education quality, to make the human beings cognitive process clearly and to boost the development of related sciences such as cognitive science, artificial intelligence, etc. To reach these purpose, ITS should have domain knowledge, instructional knowledge, the ability to understand students and to communicate with students. But it is difficult for the current computer to have all the knowledge and abilities. So research on ITS have problems such as knowledge representation, student modeling, diagnosis for students, instruction plan and natural language process issues. The difficulties of research on ITS lie in two aspects: one is that techniques ITS uses are involved several sciences and remain unresolved; The other is that the learning process is unclear for scientists and researchers. So research on intelligent tutoring system is difficult for all the researchers in the world.
Survey of ITS efforts shows that the methodology for ITS should be modified. A new method for developing intelligent tutoring systems is presented in this paper, which takes the domain knowledge unit as the key point in constructing systems. An intelligent tutoring system for middle school chemistry course named MSCITS is developed. Research on the application of case-based reasoning in ITS is reported and a case-based training system named English Reading System(ERS) is designed.
The main characteristics of this project are as follows:
(1) A new method for developing intelligent tutoring systems is presented, which takes the domain knowledge unit as the key point in organizing instruction process. Methods for building domain knowledge base, student modeling, diagnosis for students, and instructional plan are improved.
引文
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