基于ADSP-TS101的MIMO雷达演示系统的设计与实现
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摘要
在无线移动通信领域,多输入多输出(MIMO,Multiple Input Multiple Output)技术已获得广泛的研究和应用。鉴于移动通信系统和雷达系统在诸多方面的相关性及其相似性,近年来,有越来越多的学者将MIMO技术应用到雷达中,并取得了一定的研究成果。
MIMO雷达由于每个发射天线发射正交的信号,所以能量在全空域均匀分布,降低了每个方向上的信号能量,从而达到低截获的性能。同时不同方向上的目标接收到的信号是不相关的,这样不但可以在空域上区分目标,而且还可以在时域上将目标分开。当发射相关信号的时候,可以有效利用能量,并且达到抑制干扰的目的。另外MIMO雷达发射宽波束,接收的时候同时多波束,这样就不用进行波束扫描,增加了脉冲积累数,提高了多普勒的分辨率,更好地抑制了杂波,提高了低速目标的检测性能。
本文主要内容如下:
首先介绍了MIMO雷达的基本原理,以及采用凸优化的方法设计了正交信号和相关信号,在此基础上给出了MIMO雷达的回波信号模型;其次分析了MIMO雷达的收发联合方向图、低截获性能和低速目标检测性能等;然后介绍了MIMO雷达回波信号处理的一些算法知识,包括数字波束形成技术、脉冲压缩、动目标显示(MTI)、动目标检测(MTD)、恒虚警检测(CFAR)和单脉冲测角理论;最后详细介绍了基于ADSP-TS101设计的MIMO雷达演示系统的组成,包括目标模拟器、信号处理机和PPI显示器。
MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology has been widely used in the field of Wireless Mobile Communications in recent years. Based on similarity between communication and radar, a number of scholars have been researching the applications of MIMO technology in radar system, and obtained some remarkable results.
When orthogonal signals are transmitted in transmitter, spatial transmitted power density is uniform in space, which will result in low probability of intercept (LPI). We can utilize the non-correlation of received signals to detect target in time domain as well as in spatial domain. When correlation signals are transmitted, transmitted energy can be effectively used, and also can reject interferences and jammers. What’s more, when MIMO radar transmits wide beam and receives using multi-beamforming technology, it is unnecessary to scan the beam. Then pulse number can be accumulated, resulting in narrower doppler resolution. At meanwhile, this will lead extra advantages, such as better clutter rejection and higher detection probability of low-speed targets.
The concrete contents are as follows:
This paper begins with introduction of MIMO radar principles, followed by convex optimization method to simulate orthogonal and correlation signals, based on these, echo signal model is presented. An analysis of joint transmit-receive beam pattern of MIMO radar and LPI performance as well as low-speed target detection performance are given. Then we introduced some basic signal processing algorithms, including digital beamforming, pulse compression, MTI, MTD, CFAR and monopulse angle measurement. Finally, MIMO radar demonstration system including target simulator, signal processor and PPI monitor based on ADSP-TS101 are implemented.
MIMO雷达由于每个发射天线发射正交的信号,所以能量在全空域均匀分布,降低了每个方向上的信号能量,从而达到低截获的性能。同时不同方向上的目标接收到的信号是不相关的,这样不但可以在空域上区分目标,而且还可以在时域上将目标分开。当发射相关信号的时候,可以有效利用能量,并且达到抑制干扰的目的。另外MIMO雷达发射宽波束,接收的时候同时多波束,这样就不用进行波束扫描,增加了脉冲积累数,提高了多普勒的分辨率,更好地抑制了杂波,提高了低速目标的检测性能。
本文主要内容如下:
首先介绍了MIMO雷达的基本原理,以及采用凸优化的方法设计了正交信号和相关信号,在此基础上给出了MIMO雷达的回波信号模型;其次分析了MIMO雷达的收发联合方向图、低截获性能和低速目标检测性能等;然后介绍了MIMO雷达回波信号处理的一些算法知识,包括数字波束形成技术、脉冲压缩、动目标显示(MTI)、动目标检测(MTD)、恒虚警检测(CFAR)和单脉冲测角理论;最后详细介绍了基于ADSP-TS101设计的MIMO雷达演示系统的组成,包括目标模拟器、信号处理机和PPI显示器。
MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology has been widely used in the field of Wireless Mobile Communications in recent years. Based on similarity between communication and radar, a number of scholars have been researching the applications of MIMO technology in radar system, and obtained some remarkable results.
When orthogonal signals are transmitted in transmitter, spatial transmitted power density is uniform in space, which will result in low probability of intercept (LPI). We can utilize the non-correlation of received signals to detect target in time domain as well as in spatial domain. When correlation signals are transmitted, transmitted energy can be effectively used, and also can reject interferences and jammers. What’s more, when MIMO radar transmits wide beam and receives using multi-beamforming technology, it is unnecessary to scan the beam. Then pulse number can be accumulated, resulting in narrower doppler resolution. At meanwhile, this will lead extra advantages, such as better clutter rejection and higher detection probability of low-speed targets.
The concrete contents are as follows:
This paper begins with introduction of MIMO radar principles, followed by convex optimization method to simulate orthogonal and correlation signals, based on these, echo signal model is presented. An analysis of joint transmit-receive beam pattern of MIMO radar and LPI performance as well as low-speed target detection performance are given. Then we introduced some basic signal processing algorithms, including digital beamforming, pulse compression, MTI, MTD, CFAR and monopulse angle measurement. Finally, MIMO radar demonstration system including target simulator, signal processor and PPI monitor based on ADSP-TS101 are implemented.
引文
[1] D J Rabideau,P Parker,D Rabideau. Ubiquitous MIMO multifunction digital array radar [J].Conference Record of the 37th Asilomar Conference On Signals, Systems and Computers. 2003, 1057-1064.
[2] Rabideau D J.Howard LC.Mitigation of digital array nonlinearities[J].Proc.of the IEEE Radar Conference, 2001,V01.1:175-180
[3] Zatman M. Digitization requirements for digital radar arrays[J]. Proc. of the IEEE Radar Conference,2001,V01.1:163-168
[4] J. Dorey, Y. Blanchard et F. Christophe. Le projet‘RIAS’: une approche nouvelle du radar des surveillance aerienne[J]. Colloque International surle Radar, Paris, april, 1984:505~510.
[5] S.Luse, etal. Experimental results on RIAS digital beamforming radar[J]. Int.Conf.on Radar, London, 1992:505-510.
[6]张庆文.综合脉冲与孔径雷达系统性能分析与研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学博士学位论文, 1994.
[7]杨明磊.微波稀布阵SIAR相关技术研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学博士学位论文, 2009.
[8]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理(第三版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[9]张民友,汪学刚.雷达系统(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[10]丁玉美,高西全.数字信号处理(第二版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[11] E. Fishler, A. Haimovich, R. Blum, etc. MIMO Radar: An Idea Whose Time Has Come[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE Radar Conference 2004. 2004, 71–78.
[12] Frank C. Robey, Scott Coutts, Dennis Weikle, etc. MIMO Radar Theory and Experimental Results[J]. Signals, Systems and Computers, 2004. Conference Record of the Thirty-Eighth Asilomar Conference. 2004,Vol.1:300-304.
[13]张杰.基于MIMO体制的雷达LPI性能分析和应用[J].中国电子科学研究院学报.2007,Vol.2,No.4,397-401.
[14]王建明,吴道庆. MIMO雷达抗干扰性能分析[J].航天电子对抗.2006,Vol.22,No.5,48-50.
[15] P.Stoica, Jian Li, Yao Xie. On Probing Signal Design For MIMO Radar[J].IEEETransaction on signal processing.2007,Vol.55,No.8,4151-4161.
[16] E. Fishler, A. Haimovich, R. Blum, etc. Spatial diversity in radars - models and detection performance[J]. In IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 2004.
[17] Ilya Bekkerman and Joseph Tabrikian. Target Detection and Localization Using MIMO Radars and Sonars[J]. IEEE Transactions on signal processing, Vol. 54, No. 10, 2006.
[18]杨万海.雷达系统建模与仿真[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2007.
[19]吴顺君,梅晓春.雷达信号处理与数据处理[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2008.
[20]苏涛,蔺丽华,卢光跃等. DSP技术[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2002.
[21]刘书明,苏涛,罗军辉. TigerSHARC DSP应用系统设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2004.
[22] ADSP-TS101 TigerSHARC? Processor Hardware Reference. http://www. analog.com.
[23] ADSP-TS101 TigerSHARC? Processor Programming Reference. http://www. analog.com.
[2] Rabideau D J.Howard LC.Mitigation of digital array nonlinearities[J].Proc.of the IEEE Radar Conference, 2001,V01.1:175-180
[3] Zatman M. Digitization requirements for digital radar arrays[J]. Proc. of the IEEE Radar Conference,2001,V01.1:163-168
[4] J. Dorey, Y. Blanchard et F. Christophe. Le projet‘RIAS’: une approche nouvelle du radar des surveillance aerienne[J]. Colloque International surle Radar, Paris, april, 1984:505~510.
[5] S.Luse, etal. Experimental results on RIAS digital beamforming radar[J]. Int.Conf.on Radar, London, 1992:505-510.
[6]张庆文.综合脉冲与孔径雷达系统性能分析与研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学博士学位论文, 1994.
[7]杨明磊.微波稀布阵SIAR相关技术研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学博士学位论文, 2009.
[8]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理(第三版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[9]张民友,汪学刚.雷达系统(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[10]丁玉美,高西全.数字信号处理(第二版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[11] E. Fishler, A. Haimovich, R. Blum, etc. MIMO Radar: An Idea Whose Time Has Come[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE Radar Conference 2004. 2004, 71–78.
[12] Frank C. Robey, Scott Coutts, Dennis Weikle, etc. MIMO Radar Theory and Experimental Results[J]. Signals, Systems and Computers, 2004. Conference Record of the Thirty-Eighth Asilomar Conference. 2004,Vol.1:300-304.
[13]张杰.基于MIMO体制的雷达LPI性能分析和应用[J].中国电子科学研究院学报.2007,Vol.2,No.4,397-401.
[14]王建明,吴道庆. MIMO雷达抗干扰性能分析[J].航天电子对抗.2006,Vol.22,No.5,48-50.
[15] P.Stoica, Jian Li, Yao Xie. On Probing Signal Design For MIMO Radar[J].IEEETransaction on signal processing.2007,Vol.55,No.8,4151-4161.
[16] E. Fishler, A. Haimovich, R. Blum, etc. Spatial diversity in radars - models and detection performance[J]. In IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 2004.
[17] Ilya Bekkerman and Joseph Tabrikian. Target Detection and Localization Using MIMO Radars and Sonars[J]. IEEE Transactions on signal processing, Vol. 54, No. 10, 2006.
[18]杨万海.雷达系统建模与仿真[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2007.
[19]吴顺君,梅晓春.雷达信号处理与数据处理[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2008.
[20]苏涛,蔺丽华,卢光跃等. DSP技术[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2002.
[21]刘书明,苏涛,罗军辉. TigerSHARC DSP应用系统设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2004.
[22] ADSP-TS101 TigerSHARC? Processor Hardware Reference. http://www. analog.com.
[23] ADSP-TS101 TigerSHARC? Processor Programming Reference. http://www. analog.com.