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数字化预装配建模与序列规划技术的研究
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摘要
复杂产品的开发过程需要实施并行工程,而数字化设计与制造技术为并行的产品开发过程提供了支持,在产品装配设计中表现得尤其明显。在并行工程环境下,工程技术人员利用数字化技术完成整个产品的装配设计、规划、仿真与分析等任务。数字化预装配技术在产品开发中的应用,有利于在设计阶段及时发现产品装配设计和规划中的问题与缺陷并加以解决,从而使企业能够以更短的时间、更高的质量、更低的成本和更好的服务来赢得市场竞争。因此,数字化预装配关键技术的研究与应用具有重要的理论及现实意义。
     在介绍并行工程、数字化设计与制造等先进制造技术背景的基础上,分析了并行工程对数字化预装配技术的需求,阐述了数字化预装配技术的概念以及对数字化设计与制造和并行工程的作用和意义。针对国内外在数字化预装配技术方面的研究成果,分析了数字化预装配关键技术的研究现状,确定了本论文重点研究数字化预装配系统的体系结构、设计开发方法、装配建模、装配序列规划等关键技术。
     分析了数字化预装配技术的特点和需求,提出了数字化预装配系统的体系结构,研究了数字化预装配系统的功能组成、系统框架和工作流程,构建了包含界面层、应用层、对象数据层、技术支持层四层结构的系统框架。根据数字化预装配系统的体系结构,提出了利用面向对象的系统设计方法和基于组件的软件开发方法来构建数字化预装配系统环境,阐述了数字化预装配系统环境构建中的几何显示处理、运动操作处理以及装配行为响应处理技术。
     在分析数字化预装配系统对产品装配信息需求的基础上,提出了基于三维体系的装配建模方法,阐述了包含视图维、过程维、应用维等三维的装配建模体系;采用层次化、多视图、变粒度的建模策略构建了包含层次、属性、关系三向视图的集成化装配模型。研究了装配模型三向视图信息的表达、生成、存储;提出了基于三向视图的装配模型信息匹配关联技术;提出了基于集合理论的装配约束关系信息动态生成技术,为并行工程环境下的数字化预装配过程提供了可靠的信息保障。
     研究并提出了基于装配序列SAP树的装配序列规划原理。建立了包含关系节点与数据节点的装配序列SAP树模型,以此有效、合理地表达非线性装配序列以及并行的装配作业任务;基于几何推理与知识推理相结合的方法,通过装配基础件的判定和广义子装配体的识别,将产品功能结构树重构为产品装配结构树,再由产品装配结构树生成产品装配序列SAP树;由于在装配序列SAP树生成中考虑了部分工艺约束,缩减了装配序列的解空间。确定了装配序列评价的综合目标—相对装配优先关系,建立了装配序列评价指标体系,利用熵权法客观合理地确定了评价指标的权重,基于装配序列SAP树的宽度优先搜索完成装配序列的模糊综合评价与优化,提高了装配序列评价与优化的效率。
     依据所提出的理论、技术和方法,开发了一个产品数字化预装配原型系统DPAS。以某精密多向传动支撑系统总成为实例,在DPAS系统中,完成了实例产品装配设计、装配设计的分析检验、装配建模、模型信息的匹配关联与动态生成、装配序列规划等工作。通过该原型系统的实现和实例产品的应用验证了所提出的理论、方法和技术。
The development process of complex product needs to be supported by concurrentengineering and digital design and manufacturing technology, and it is more prominence inthe assembly design activities of product. In concurrent engineering, developersaccomplish the whole product assembly design, planning, simulation and analysis tasks bythe digital technology. During design period, design and planning problems can be foundout and solved by the application of digital pre-assembly technology in productdevelopment. Thus enterprises can win market competition by supplying product withshorter time, better quality, lower cost and better service. So it is very important to researchand apply key techniques of digital pre-assembly in theory and reality.
     The advanced manufacturing technology background is introduced such as concurrentengineering, digital design and manufacturing firstly. The demand of advancedmanufacturing technology is analyzed for digital pre-assembly. Then the concept of digitalpre-assembly technology is presented and its significance is expounded. For the researchoutcome of digital pre-assembly technology in national and abroad, the research status isanalyzed. Based on it, key techniques of digital pre-assemble are put out as the researchemphasis of the dissertation, such as the architecture, design and development method ofdigital pre-assembly system, assembly modeling, assembly sequence planning.
     By analysis of digital pre-assembly technology feature and demand, the architecture isexpounded for digital pre-assembly system. The function component, structure and workflow are researched. A system framework is constructed by four layers such as interfacelayer, applying layer, the object data layer and the technique support layer. By thearchitecture of digital pre-assembly, methods of system construction are expounded such asthe system design method of object-oriented, software development method ofcomponent-based. These techniques are expounded for digital pre-assembly environmentconstruction, such as geometry display and motion manipulation, and assembly actionresponding.
     On the basis of information requirement for the digital pre-assembly system, the assemblymodeling method is expounded by three dimensions architecture. By the layered andmulti-views and variation particle modeling strategy, three views are constructed for theintegrated assembly model of product. They are hierarchy view, attributions view, andrelation view. The information expression, gaining, saving and matching are researched for three directions views of assembly model. The technique is put forward for the dynamicgaining the assembly relation information based on the set theory. Then the information isundertaken for the digital pre-assembly process in concurrent engineering.
     The principle of assembly sequence planning is researched arid put forward based on theassembly sequence SAP tree. The assembly sequence SAP tree model is constructed whichinvolves relation node and data node. The assembly sequence SAP tree can express thenonlinear assembly sequence and concurrent assembly task effectively. By the methodwhich is based on geometry reasoning and knowledge reasoning, the assembly base part isconcluded and the general sub-assembly is identified. Then the product function structuretree is transformed to the product assembly structure tree, and the assembly sequence SAPtree is created based on the product assembly structure tree. Because considering someprocess restrictions in the assembly sequence SAP tree, the calculation extension ofassembly sequence is reduced. The comparative assembly prior relation is ascertained asthe synthetic target of assembly sequence evaluation. The index architecture of assemblysequence evaluation is established. Weights of all evaluation indexes are calculated usingthe entropy method. By searching the assembly sequence SAP tree according to thepriority in its width, the fuzzy synthetic evaluation and optimization of assembly sequenceis finished using two stages and layers. The evaluation and optimization efficieney ofassembly sequence is heightened.
     A digital pre-assembly prototype system of product is developed by these methods andtechniques in this dissertation. It is illustrated by a product of multi-direction transmissionand upholding. In the digital pre-assembly system, these tasks are accomplished such asassembly design, analysis and verification of assembly design, assembly modeling,matching and dynamic gaining of the assembly model information, assembly sequenceplanning et al. These key techniques are illustrated by the implementation of the digitalpre-assembly prototype system and its application for instance in this dissertation.
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