利用步进频率信号探索多普勒天气雷达速度模糊问题
|
摘要
随着无线通信技术的发展,在雷达技术中,常常应用各种特定的脉冲波形以满足特定的需求,但在气象雷达中,波形变化较少,本文设计用步进频率信号以解多普勒天气雷达的速度模糊问题,设计了针对步进频率信号的接收机部分,包括射频模块设计和中频回波信号处理平台设计。
本文先讲述了多普勒雷达存在速度模糊、距离模糊的原因,以及国内外在多普勒天气雷达解模糊方面的研究。其次介绍了步进频率信号解决多普勒天气雷达模糊问题的原理以及脉冲压缩技术。然后分别设计了实现接收步进频率信号的接收机的各个模块,并仿真了它们的性能,如接收机带宽、驻波比等。接下来设计了基于软件无线电的中频信号处理部分,利用VC++编写混频、滤波、PPP(脉冲对处理)算法、FFT(快速傅立叶变换)算法的程序。然后分析了几种因素,如初相位、A/D截断误差、频率稳定度对信号处理平台的性能与精度的影响。
依据对步进频率信号解模糊的理论分析可知,采用步进频率信号可以解多普勒雷达的模糊问题,但对于接收机射频前端的性能指标只在计算机仿真方面进行了检验,还需要实际验证。数字回波信号中频处理平台也需要进一步的利用模拟气象回波信号或真实回波信号进行实际效果检验。
With the development of wireless communication technology, sorts of certain pulse waveform are often used to meet specific needs in radar technology. But in the field of weather radar, waveform change less. This paper is designed to adopt step frequency signal to solve the velocity ambiguity problem in Doppler weather radar, devises a receiver part for step frequency signal, including a RF module and intermediate frequency echo signal processing platform.
First of all, this paper tells the reasons why velocity and range ambiguity exist in Doppler radar, and the researches on these aspects at both home and abroad. Secondly, we introduce the principle of using step frequency signal to solve Doppler radar ambiguity problem and the pulse compression technique. Meanwhile, various receiver modules are designed respectively to accept step frequency signal, and their properties are simulated, such as receiver bandwidth, VSWR and so on. Furthermore, we excogitate a IF signal processing platform based on software radio, and write procedures of frequency mixing, filtering, PPP(Pulse Pair Processor) algorithm and FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) algorithm via VC++. In addition, we analyze several factors, such as initial phase, A/D truncation error and frequency stability, and their influence on the performance and precision of signal processing platform.
On the basis of the theory and analysis about how the step frequency signal achieves the solution of the velocity ambiguity, step frequency signal can solve Doppler radar velocity ambiguity problem. But the performance indexes of the RF front part in receiver are only evaluated by computer simulation, they also need actual verification. Digital echo signal intermediate frequency processing platform also need further inspection for actual effect with simulated meteorological echo signal or real echo signal.
本文先讲述了多普勒雷达存在速度模糊、距离模糊的原因,以及国内外在多普勒天气雷达解模糊方面的研究。其次介绍了步进频率信号解决多普勒天气雷达模糊问题的原理以及脉冲压缩技术。然后分别设计了实现接收步进频率信号的接收机的各个模块,并仿真了它们的性能,如接收机带宽、驻波比等。接下来设计了基于软件无线电的中频信号处理部分,利用VC++编写混频、滤波、PPP(脉冲对处理)算法、FFT(快速傅立叶变换)算法的程序。然后分析了几种因素,如初相位、A/D截断误差、频率稳定度对信号处理平台的性能与精度的影响。
依据对步进频率信号解模糊的理论分析可知,采用步进频率信号可以解多普勒雷达的模糊问题,但对于接收机射频前端的性能指标只在计算机仿真方面进行了检验,还需要实际验证。数字回波信号中频处理平台也需要进一步的利用模拟气象回波信号或真实回波信号进行实际效果检验。
With the development of wireless communication technology, sorts of certain pulse waveform are often used to meet specific needs in radar technology. But in the field of weather radar, waveform change less. This paper is designed to adopt step frequency signal to solve the velocity ambiguity problem in Doppler weather radar, devises a receiver part for step frequency signal, including a RF module and intermediate frequency echo signal processing platform.
First of all, this paper tells the reasons why velocity and range ambiguity exist in Doppler radar, and the researches on these aspects at both home and abroad. Secondly, we introduce the principle of using step frequency signal to solve Doppler radar ambiguity problem and the pulse compression technique. Meanwhile, various receiver modules are designed respectively to accept step frequency signal, and their properties are simulated, such as receiver bandwidth, VSWR and so on. Furthermore, we excogitate a IF signal processing platform based on software radio, and write procedures of frequency mixing, filtering, PPP(Pulse Pair Processor) algorithm and FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) algorithm via VC++. In addition, we analyze several factors, such as initial phase, A/D truncation error and frequency stability, and their influence on the performance and precision of signal processing platform.
On the basis of the theory and analysis about how the step frequency signal achieves the solution of the velocity ambiguity, step frequency signal can solve Doppler radar velocity ambiguity problem. But the performance indexes of the RF front part in receiver are only evaluated by computer simulation, they also need actual verification. Digital echo signal intermediate frequency processing platform also need further inspection for actual effect with simulated meteorological echo signal or real echo signal.
引文
[1]中国气象局.地面气象观测规范[M].北京：气象出版社,2003,11.
[2]柏晓锁,朱文剑.一种改进的双重频退速度模糊方法[J].航空精密制造技术,2009,45(6)：27-29.
[3]Loew, E., and C. A. Walther,1995:Engineering analysis of dual pulse interval radar data obtained by the ELDORA radar. Preprints,27th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Vail, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc.,710-712.
[4]D. S. Zrnic, P. R. Mahapatra. Two methods of ambiguity resoluteon in pulse Doppler weather radar[J]. IEEEE Trans. Aerospace and Electronic Systems 1985, AES-21 (4):470-483.
[5]Holleman, I., and H. Beekhuis,2003:Analysis and correction of dual PRF velocity data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.,20,443-453.
[6]Gray, G., B. Lewis, J. Vinson, and F. Pratte,1989:A real-time implementation of staggered PRT velocity unfolding. J. Atmots. Oceanic Technol.,6,186-187.
[7]Sachidananda, M., and D. S. Zrnic,2000:Clutter filtering and spectral moment estimation for Doppler weather radars using staggered pulse repetition time. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.,17,323-331.
[8]Ray P, C Ziegler. Dealiasing first moment Doppler estimates. J. Appl. Meteor.1977,16:563-564.
[9]Bargen D, R Brown. Interactive radar velocity unfolding. Preprints, 19th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Miami, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc.1980, 278-283.
[10]Merritt M. Automatic velocity dealiasing for meal-time applications. Preprints,22nd Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Zurich, Switzerland, Amer.
[11]Eilts M, S Smith. Efficient dealiasing of Doppler velocities using local environment constraints. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.1990,7: 118-128.
[12]Zhang J, S Wang. An Automated 2D Multipass Doppler Radar Velocity Dealiasing Scheme. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.2006,23:1239-1248.
[13]Bergen W, S Albers. Two and three dimensional de-aliasing of Doppler radar velocities. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.1988,5:305-319.
[14]james C, R Houze. A real-time four dimensional Doppler dealiasing scheme. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.2001,18:1674-1683.
[15]Friedrich K,O Caumont. Dealiasing Doppler Velocities Measured by a Bistatic Radar Network during a Downburst-Producing Thunderstorm. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.2004,21:717-729.
[16]Gao J, K Droegemeier. Avariational technique for dealiasing Doppler radial velocity data. J. Appl. Meteorol.2004,43:934-940.
[17]Lim E, J Sun. A Velocity Dealiasing Technique Using Rapidly Updated Analysis from a Four-Dimensional Variational Doppler Radar Data Assimilation System. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.2010,27:1140-1152.
[18]梁海河,张沛源,葛润生.多普勒天气雷达风场退模糊方法的研究[J].应用气象学报,2002,13(5)：591-599.
[19]刘淑媛,王洪庆,陶祖钰,等.一种简易的多普勒雷达速度模糊纠正技术[J].应用气象学报,2003,14(5)：111-118.
[20]方德贤,刘国庆,董新宁,慕熙昱.区域生长法在多普勒天气雷达速度场分析中的应用[J].南京大学学报,2007,43(1)：102-110.
[21]焦中生,沈超玲,张云.气象雷达原理[M].北京：气象出版社,2005,10：279-296.
[22]张培昌,杜秉玉,戴铁丕雷达.雷达气象学[M].北京：气象出版社,2001,1：211-217.
[23]中国人民解放军总参谋部气象局.多普勒天气雷达资料分析与应用.北 京：解放军出版社,2001,01：42-46.
[24]马晓岩,向家彬.雷达信号处理[M].湖南：湖南科学技术出版社,1999,07：3-4.
[25]张直中.雷达信号的选择与处理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1979.
[26]杨建.脉冲压缩原理及FPGA实现[J].现代电字技术,2010,20：17-18.
[27]马振骅.气象雷达回波信息原理[M].北京：科学出版社,1986,2-3.
[28]黄玉兰.ADS射频电路设计基础与典型应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010,01：295-309.
[29]冯新宇,车向前,穆秀春.ADS2009射频电路设计与仿真[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010,6：183-195.
[30]J. Mitola. The software radio architecture. IEEE Communications Magazine.1995,33 (5):26-28.
[31]RE克劳切,LR拉宾纳,等.多抽样率数字信号处理[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,1988.
[32]吴镇扬.数字信号处理的原理与实现[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2002：96-100.
[33]李玉龙,刘桥.基于DSP与MATLAB的系数对称的FIR滤波器的实现[J].测控与能信,2004,(4)：60-64.
[34]闫胜利.FIR滤波器原理及设计方法[J].长春工程学院学报,2003,4(1)：63-65.
[35]CETIN A E, GEREK 0 N, YARDIMCI Y. Equiripple FIR filter design by the FFT algorithm[J]. Signal Processing Magazine,1997,14(2):60-64.
[36]MITRA S K.著.数字信号处理[M].孙洪等译.北京：电子工业出版社,2006：164-177.
[37]姜宇柏,游思晴.软件无线电原理与工程应用[M].北京,机械工业出版社,2007,01：44-47.
[38]胡明宝,高太长,汤达章.多普勒天气雷达资料分析与应用[M].北京,解 放军出版社,2000,01：35-39.
[39]赵恒轩.天气雷达及其信号处理[M].乌鲁木齐：新疆大学出版社,1999,03：153-157.
[40]Nicolai M.Josuttis著,侯捷,孟岩译.C++标准程序库[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2011,03.
[41]王志田.频率源的短期频率稳定度及相位噪声测量[J].宇航计测技术,1995,15(6)：18-27.
[2]柏晓锁,朱文剑.一种改进的双重频退速度模糊方法[J].航空精密制造技术,2009,45(6)：27-29.
[3]Loew, E., and C. A. Walther,1995:Engineering analysis of dual pulse interval radar data obtained by the ELDORA radar. Preprints,27th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Vail, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc.,710-712.
[4]D. S. Zrnic, P. R. Mahapatra. Two methods of ambiguity resoluteon in pulse Doppler weather radar[J]. IEEEE Trans. Aerospace and Electronic Systems 1985, AES-21 (4):470-483.
[5]Holleman, I., and H. Beekhuis,2003:Analysis and correction of dual PRF velocity data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.,20,443-453.
[6]Gray, G., B. Lewis, J. Vinson, and F. Pratte,1989:A real-time implementation of staggered PRT velocity unfolding. J. Atmots. Oceanic Technol.,6,186-187.
[7]Sachidananda, M., and D. S. Zrnic,2000:Clutter filtering and spectral moment estimation for Doppler weather radars using staggered pulse repetition time. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.,17,323-331.
[8]Ray P, C Ziegler. Dealiasing first moment Doppler estimates. J. Appl. Meteor.1977,16:563-564.
[9]Bargen D, R Brown. Interactive radar velocity unfolding. Preprints, 19th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Miami, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc.1980, 278-283.
[10]Merritt M. Automatic velocity dealiasing for meal-time applications. Preprints,22nd Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Zurich, Switzerland, Amer.
[11]Eilts M, S Smith. Efficient dealiasing of Doppler velocities using local environment constraints. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.1990,7: 118-128.
[12]Zhang J, S Wang. An Automated 2D Multipass Doppler Radar Velocity Dealiasing Scheme. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.2006,23:1239-1248.
[13]Bergen W, S Albers. Two and three dimensional de-aliasing of Doppler radar velocities. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.1988,5:305-319.
[14]james C, R Houze. A real-time four dimensional Doppler dealiasing scheme. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.2001,18:1674-1683.
[15]Friedrich K,O Caumont. Dealiasing Doppler Velocities Measured by a Bistatic Radar Network during a Downburst-Producing Thunderstorm. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.2004,21:717-729.
[16]Gao J, K Droegemeier. Avariational technique for dealiasing Doppler radial velocity data. J. Appl. Meteorol.2004,43:934-940.
[17]Lim E, J Sun. A Velocity Dealiasing Technique Using Rapidly Updated Analysis from a Four-Dimensional Variational Doppler Radar Data Assimilation System. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.2010,27:1140-1152.
[18]梁海河,张沛源,葛润生.多普勒天气雷达风场退模糊方法的研究[J].应用气象学报,2002,13(5)：591-599.
[19]刘淑媛,王洪庆,陶祖钰,等.一种简易的多普勒雷达速度模糊纠正技术[J].应用气象学报,2003,14(5)：111-118.
[20]方德贤,刘国庆,董新宁,慕熙昱.区域生长法在多普勒天气雷达速度场分析中的应用[J].南京大学学报,2007,43(1)：102-110.
[21]焦中生,沈超玲,张云.气象雷达原理[M].北京：气象出版社,2005,10：279-296.
[22]张培昌,杜秉玉,戴铁丕雷达.雷达气象学[M].北京：气象出版社,2001,1：211-217.
[23]中国人民解放军总参谋部气象局.多普勒天气雷达资料分析与应用.北 京：解放军出版社,2001,01：42-46.
[24]马晓岩,向家彬.雷达信号处理[M].湖南：湖南科学技术出版社,1999,07：3-4.
[25]张直中.雷达信号的选择与处理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1979.
[26]杨建.脉冲压缩原理及FPGA实现[J].现代电字技术,2010,20：17-18.
[27]马振骅.气象雷达回波信息原理[M].北京：科学出版社,1986,2-3.
[28]黄玉兰.ADS射频电路设计基础与典型应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010,01：295-309.
[29]冯新宇,车向前,穆秀春.ADS2009射频电路设计与仿真[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010,6：183-195.
[30]J. Mitola. The software radio architecture. IEEE Communications Magazine.1995,33 (5):26-28.
[31]RE克劳切,LR拉宾纳,等.多抽样率数字信号处理[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,1988.
[32]吴镇扬.数字信号处理的原理与实现[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2002：96-100.
[33]李玉龙,刘桥.基于DSP与MATLAB的系数对称的FIR滤波器的实现[J].测控与能信,2004,(4)：60-64.
[34]闫胜利.FIR滤波器原理及设计方法[J].长春工程学院学报,2003,4(1)：63-65.
[35]CETIN A E, GEREK 0 N, YARDIMCI Y. Equiripple FIR filter design by the FFT algorithm[J]. Signal Processing Magazine,1997,14(2):60-64.
[36]MITRA S K.著.数字信号处理[M].孙洪等译.北京：电子工业出版社,2006：164-177.
[37]姜宇柏,游思晴.软件无线电原理与工程应用[M].北京,机械工业出版社,2007,01：44-47.
[38]胡明宝,高太长,汤达章.多普勒天气雷达资料分析与应用[M].北京,解 放军出版社,2000,01：35-39.
[39]赵恒轩.天气雷达及其信号处理[M].乌鲁木齐：新疆大学出版社,1999,03：153-157.
[40]Nicolai M.Josuttis著,侯捷,孟岩译.C++标准程序库[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2011,03.
[41]王志田.频率源的短期频率稳定度及相位噪声测量[J].宇航计测技术,1995,15(6)：18-27.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |