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单片机接入Internet技术在智能小区中的应用与研究
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摘要
随着数字城市的发展,智能小区进入了一个新的发展时期,智能小区传统的理念、技术、管理都发生了很大变化,新技术、新产品不断地被采用,市场容量也不断扩大,单片机接入Internet技术更是推动了智能小区标准化和数字化。
     本文系统介绍了新型智能化小区的内涵、发展趋势及各种先进技术的应用;深入讨论了嵌入式Internet技术的组成,对于单片机接入Internet的几种方案作了深入的研究和比较,并对单片机中实现TCP/IP协议栈方案给出了详细的说明。
     单片机接入Internet存在的一个主要问题是在选择传输层协议时往往难以抉择,UDP确实简单易实现但却要耗费开发者过多的精力在保证它的可靠性上;TCP虽然可靠,但它对资源的占有量和对处理器的要求也使得8位、16位单片机望而却步。
     本文的重点就是解决传输层协议的问题,作者试图寻找或者提出一种两全的解决方案。针对这一出发点,作者提出了两种解决方法,一种是传输层采用罕有人知的T/TCP协议,该协议是TCP/IP协议的补充协议,1994年就以RFC1644标准定义,这是一种对小量数据加速交互的进程而又保留了TCP稳定、可靠、无重复传输的择中方案;另一种方案是采用作者提出的一种适用于嵌入式系统的专用传输层协议ESSP,以ICMP为原型,加入了类似TCP协议中序列号和确认序列号机制,并采用停止等待协议,解决了UDP重复性问题。为了验证这两种协议,作者分别从理论和实际两方面对UDP、TCP、T/TCP、ESSP几种协议进行了分析或测试,测试部分采用EQ Information Technology Inc.公司的网络测试工具NetAnalyzer来进行,这是一个基于WINDOWS平台的网络监控和协议分析软件。作者对几种协议分别在高、低带宽或高、低延时的网络上进行了大量测试,结果证明了T/TCP、ESSP的可行性、可靠性和优越性。
     此外,作者结合由深圳市正星特公司提供的实际课题SCT—100IPHM小区智能化管理系统的设计,利用现有的以太网实现了远程抄表收费系统、家电控制系统、家庭安防系统和信息服务功能的集成,该系统已在深圳、上海等多个高级小区中实际应用,效果良好,相比于传统的总线式系统有不可比拟的优势。
With the development of Digital City, The Smart Community has entered a new development era. The traditional conceptions, technologies and management have happened great changes. More and more new technologies and new products have been adopted and the market volume has been continuously enlarged. The technology of microchip connecting to Internet advances the progress of standardization and the digital processing of Smart Community.
    The paper introduces the meaning, the development trend and the application of various advanced technologies of the late-model Smart Community. The organization of the embedded system Internet technology has been discussed home and a few kinds of perceptions about the embedded system connecting to Internet have been studied and compared. The perception of software realizing TCP/IP protocol suite has been explained in detail.
    The problem in the development of microchip connecting to Internet is that it is difficult to make a decision in choosing the protocol of Transport Layer. UDP protocol is easy to perform but you need to spend more energy in ensuring the stability of it, while TCP is very stable one but the resources needed is beyond the abilities of 8bit and 16bit microchips.
    The paper stresses to find or present an ideal resolution to the problem of Transport Layer. Taking it as the basis, two resolve methods have been presented in the article. One is the application of T/TCP protocol that is known by few people. T/TCP protocol is the attached one of TCP and has been defined in the standard RFC 1644 in 1994. T/TCP is a middle course, which can not only speed up the transaction of short length data but also can preserve the nature, stability, reliability and non- repetition of TCP protocol. Another is the presenting of a kind of Embedded System Special Protocol ESSP. The author takes the frame format of ICMP as the prototype, adds some mechanisms to the protocol like sequence and acknowledge sequence mechanism similar to TCP and introduces the Stop and Wait mechanism, which successfully resolves the repeatability error of UDP. In order to validate of the two protocols T/TCP and ESSP, the author analyses and tests the four protocols UDP, TCP, T/TCP, ESSP in theory and reality. The
     testing process takes NetAnalyzer of EQ Information Technology Inc. as the testing tool, that is a kind of net supervisor and protocol analyzer software. A number of testing has been accomplished in 100M LAN,
    
    
    
    
    LowBandwidth-LowDelay net and LowBandwidth-HighDelay net. The testing result has proved the feasibility, stability and superiority of T/TCP and ESSP.
    In addition, the author has designed a reality project The Management System for Intelligent Community SCT-100IPHM provided by Shenzhen Zheng Xing Te High-tech Limited Corporation, which consists of the Remote Meter System, Electrical appliance Management System, Home Security System and Community Information Service System. The product has been applied in a lot of high-class communities in Shenzhen or Shanghai and performed very well, which has a unique advantage to the traditional field bus system.
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