基于DSP的交流变频器的研究与实现
摘要
我国是一个能耗大国,随着国家经济的快速发展,我国能源紧缺的现象越来越严重,在电能方面,电力供应不足已经影响到人们的日常生活,但是同时我国又是一个低能源利用率的国家,很大一部分电能被浪费。交流电动机耗能在电能消耗中占有很大比重,通过变频器控制交流电动机具有较大的节能潜力。
本文正是基于我国目前的情况设计了一种基于DSP控制的交流变频器。设计的变频器采用交-直-交变频方式,首先将交流电整流滤波变成直流电,通过TMS320LF2407A输出SVPWM波控制三相桥式IGBT逆变电路,将直流电逆变成频率和幅值可变的交流电。在对电动机的转速、转矩控制中,采用双闭环矢量控制方法,这种方法通过坐标变换,将电动机的定子电流分解成为励磁分量和转矩分量并分别进行控制;同时,变频器通过转速反馈和电流反馈形成双闭环PI调节系统。应用这种变频控制方法,可以使交流电动机具有更准确的转速调节性能和较强的抗干扰能力。
本文首先分析了我国目前的交流电机应用现状,明确了变频器在节能和工艺控制方面的广阔前景,然后重点介绍了变频器的设计。其中,第一章主要分析了交流变频器的发展现状与简要工作原理;第二章论述了变频器设计中最重要的硬件与算法发展,文中重点论述了SVPWM技术以及应用TMS320LF2407A硬件实现SVPWM的方法。第三章详细地研究了交流电动机的变频控制理论,重点分析了矢量控制的基本思路并推导了坐标变换的矩阵方程式;第四章对变频器硬件电路作了详细设计,并分块讲述了各单元的电路与元器件的选择;第五章主要描述了变频器的软件设计,包括软件结构与算法,以及软件抗干扰技术;最后应用Matlab/Simulink对系统进行了仿真与分析。
论文最后就本课题所做的工作进行了总结,并对进一步的研究提出了自己的看法。
The energy consumption of our country is great. With the fast development of the state's economy, the phenomenon of energy insufficient is getting more and more serious in our country. In the aspect of electrical energy, the insufficient electric power supply has already affected people's daily life, but at the same time, a mass of energy is waste for the reason of low efficiency of energy use in our country. The energy consumption of the AC motor holds the great proportion in the electrical energy consumption. So it will have great potential in energy conservation through the AC motor controlled by the inverter.
According to the situation our country at present, this article designs a inverter control by DSP. In the design the inverter uses the format of AC-DC-AC, Firstly, the alternating current is turned to the direct current by rectifier. Then, the TMS320LF2407 outputs SVPWM wave, which controls the three-phase bridge-type IGBT inversion circuit inverting the direct current, then the direct current is turned to the alternating current. It uses the double closed loop vector control method to control the electrical motor's rotational speed and torque. This method decomposes electric motor's stator current into the excitation component and the torque component, through the coordinate transformation and carries on the control separately; At the same time, rotational speed feedback and current feedback shapes doubling closed loop PI control system. This frequency conversion control method enables the motor to have more accurate rotational characters and strongs it's anti-jamming ability.
This article has analyzed the inverting situation of our country at present, which shows the broad prospects of the inverter in conserving energy and the craft controlling. Then the design of inverter is introduced in detail. The first chapter introduced the inverter's development an present and the main principle of inverter; The second chapter introduced the most important development of hardware and the algorithm in inverter's design, in this article the SVPWM technology and the method of realizing the SVPWM using the TMS320LF2407A hardware is introduced; The third chapter discussed motor's frequency control theory in detail, it analysis the basic theory of vector control and deduced the coordinate transformation matrix equation; The fourth chapter introduced the entire inverter's hardware design in detail, and it introduced the choice of various electric circuit units; The fifth chapter mainly introduced the design of the inverter's software, including software architecture, algorithm and anti-jamming technology; Finally Matlab/Simulink is applied to analyze and simulate the system.
Finally, summarizes the work completed in the paper, and make advices for fuither research.
本文正是基于我国目前的情况设计了一种基于DSP控制的交流变频器。设计的变频器采用交-直-交变频方式,首先将交流电整流滤波变成直流电,通过TMS320LF2407A输出SVPWM波控制三相桥式IGBT逆变电路,将直流电逆变成频率和幅值可变的交流电。在对电动机的转速、转矩控制中,采用双闭环矢量控制方法,这种方法通过坐标变换,将电动机的定子电流分解成为励磁分量和转矩分量并分别进行控制;同时,变频器通过转速反馈和电流反馈形成双闭环PI调节系统。应用这种变频控制方法,可以使交流电动机具有更准确的转速调节性能和较强的抗干扰能力。
本文首先分析了我国目前的交流电机应用现状,明确了变频器在节能和工艺控制方面的广阔前景,然后重点介绍了变频器的设计。其中,第一章主要分析了交流变频器的发展现状与简要工作原理;第二章论述了变频器设计中最重要的硬件与算法发展,文中重点论述了SVPWM技术以及应用TMS320LF2407A硬件实现SVPWM的方法。第三章详细地研究了交流电动机的变频控制理论,重点分析了矢量控制的基本思路并推导了坐标变换的矩阵方程式;第四章对变频器硬件电路作了详细设计,并分块讲述了各单元的电路与元器件的选择;第五章主要描述了变频器的软件设计,包括软件结构与算法,以及软件抗干扰技术;最后应用Matlab/Simulink对系统进行了仿真与分析。
论文最后就本课题所做的工作进行了总结,并对进一步的研究提出了自己的看法。
The energy consumption of our country is great. With the fast development of the state's economy, the phenomenon of energy insufficient is getting more and more serious in our country. In the aspect of electrical energy, the insufficient electric power supply has already affected people's daily life, but at the same time, a mass of energy is waste for the reason of low efficiency of energy use in our country. The energy consumption of the AC motor holds the great proportion in the electrical energy consumption. So it will have great potential in energy conservation through the AC motor controlled by the inverter.
According to the situation our country at present, this article designs a inverter control by DSP. In the design the inverter uses the format of AC-DC-AC, Firstly, the alternating current is turned to the direct current by rectifier. Then, the TMS320LF2407 outputs SVPWM wave, which controls the three-phase bridge-type IGBT inversion circuit inverting the direct current, then the direct current is turned to the alternating current. It uses the double closed loop vector control method to control the electrical motor's rotational speed and torque. This method decomposes electric motor's stator current into the excitation component and the torque component, through the coordinate transformation and carries on the control separately; At the same time, rotational speed feedback and current feedback shapes doubling closed loop PI control system. This frequency conversion control method enables the motor to have more accurate rotational characters and strongs it's anti-jamming ability.
This article has analyzed the inverting situation of our country at present, which shows the broad prospects of the inverter in conserving energy and the craft controlling. Then the design of inverter is introduced in detail. The first chapter introduced the inverter's development an present and the main principle of inverter; The second chapter introduced the most important development of hardware and the algorithm in inverter's design, in this article the SVPWM technology and the method of realizing the SVPWM using the TMS320LF2407A hardware is introduced; The third chapter discussed motor's frequency control theory in detail, it analysis the basic theory of vector control and deduced the coordinate transformation matrix equation; The fourth chapter introduced the entire inverter's hardware design in detail, and it introduced the choice of various electric circuit units; The fifth chapter mainly introduced the design of the inverter's software, including software architecture, algorithm and anti-jamming technology; Finally Matlab/Simulink is applied to analyze and simulate the system.
Finally, summarizes the work completed in the paper, and make advices for fuither research.
引文
[1]王兆安,黄俊.电力点子技术(第四版).北京:机械工业出版社,2000.151-154
[2]李先祥,董海涛.基于DSP空间矢量控制的矩阵变频电源设计.电动机与控制学报,2002.12(6):333-337
[3]李永东.交流电动机数字控制系统.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.102-104
[4]满永奎,韩安荣,吴成东编著.通用变频器及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[5]魏迪生.高性能调速系统中的矢量控制和直接转矩控制.变频器世界.2006.7:109-110
[6]余永权,李小青,陈林康.单片机应用系统的功率接口技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1993.205-207
[7]张伟军,李玉玲,张仲超.三相电流型镇流器的SPWM调制技术研究.电源技术应用,2006.8(9)44-47
[8]王晓明.三相SPWM控制器SA4828在变频器中的应用.电气传动自动化,2002,(1)
[9]张燕宾.SPWM变频调试应用技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.78-82
[10]Zhenyu Yu.3.3V DSP for Digital Motor Control.Digital Signal Processing Solutions,June 1999
[11]邓星钟主编.机电传动控制(第三版).武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2001.62-65
[12]海定广,孙兴旺编.电气拖动基础.第2版.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.232-234
[13]吴守翦,臧英杰.电气传动的脉宽调制控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[14]周希章主编.电枢维修实用技术手册.北京:海洋出版社,1998.123-128
[15]赵明主编.直流调速系统.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.45-47
[16]吴永深.基于DSP的SVPWM电动机变频控制研究.可编程器件应用,2007.2(30)129-131
[17]胡兴柳.基于DSP的SPWM变频电源数字控制.电源技术应用.2006.6(9)5-8
[18]周希张主编.电修手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.101-106
[19]侯伟,王辉.基于DSP的变频电源电参数测量系统.仪表技术与传感器,2007.1(1)53-55
[20]刘和平,严利平,张学锋等编著.TMS320LF240x DSP结构、原理及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:157-162
[21]Digital Control Systems Group.Variable Speed Control of 3-Phase AC Induction Motor. TEXAS INSTRMENTS,2000.9
[22]陈伯时主编.电力拖动自动控制系统(第二版).北京:机械工业出版社,1992.235-240
[23]李华德,杨立永.异步电动机矢量控制系统.变频器世界,2007.05:104-107
[24]王晓明,王玲.电动机的DSP控制.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.165-167
[25]林少鹿编著.滑差电动机调速及其自动控制.上海:电气自动化杂志社,1982
[26]李志民,张遇杰编著.同步电动机调速系统.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.182-188
[27]邱阿瑞,孙旭东编著.实用电动机控制.北京:人民邮电出版社,1998.85-87
[28]赵勇,耿传勇.大功率变频电源的优化设计.变频电源,2006.11(1):37-40
[29]李华德,杨立永.双馈异步电动机矢量控制系统.变频器世界,2007.06:118-121
[30]李华德,杨立永.交流电动机矢量控制坐标变换的原理和实现方法.变频器世界,2007.01:116-120
[31]刘竟成主编.交流调速系统.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1984.146-149
[32]冯垛生编著.电力变频调速与节能.贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1991:58-61
[33]陈伯时,正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)控制.电力电子,2007.2(2)49-55
[34]清源计算机工作室编著.MATLAB6.0基数及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[35]中国机械工程学会设备维修专业学会主编.机械手册第6卷电气设备修理.第3版.北京:机械工业出版社,1993.113-115
[36]刘福才,陈龙,韩会山.基于matlab的异步电动机的矢量控制系统的仿真研究.变频器世界,2006.12:41-45
[37]黄立培,张学编著.变频器应用技术及电动机调速.北京:人民邮电出版社,1998
[38]张燕宾编著.SWPM变频调速应用技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[39]王振民著.三相异步电动机的制动.北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[40]秦晓平,王克成编著.感应电动机的双馈调速和串级调速.北京:机械工业出版社,1990
[41]佟纯厚主编.近代交流调速.北京:冶金工业出版社,1985.51-58
[2]李先祥,董海涛.基于DSP空间矢量控制的矩阵变频电源设计.电动机与控制学报,2002.12(6):333-337
[3]李永东.交流电动机数字控制系统.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.102-104
[4]满永奎,韩安荣,吴成东编著.通用变频器及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[5]魏迪生.高性能调速系统中的矢量控制和直接转矩控制.变频器世界.2006.7:109-110
[6]余永权,李小青,陈林康.单片机应用系统的功率接口技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1993.205-207
[7]张伟军,李玉玲,张仲超.三相电流型镇流器的SPWM调制技术研究.电源技术应用,2006.8(9)44-47
[8]王晓明.三相SPWM控制器SA4828在变频器中的应用.电气传动自动化,2002,(1)
[9]张燕宾.SPWM变频调试应用技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.78-82
[10]Zhenyu Yu.3.3V DSP for Digital Motor Control.Digital Signal Processing Solutions,June 1999
[11]邓星钟主编.机电传动控制(第三版).武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2001.62-65
[12]海定广,孙兴旺编.电气拖动基础.第2版.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.232-234
[13]吴守翦,臧英杰.电气传动的脉宽调制控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[14]周希章主编.电枢维修实用技术手册.北京:海洋出版社,1998.123-128
[15]赵明主编.直流调速系统.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.45-47
[16]吴永深.基于DSP的SVPWM电动机变频控制研究.可编程器件应用,2007.2(30)129-131
[17]胡兴柳.基于DSP的SPWM变频电源数字控制.电源技术应用.2006.6(9)5-8
[18]周希张主编.电修手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.101-106
[19]侯伟,王辉.基于DSP的变频电源电参数测量系统.仪表技术与传感器,2007.1(1)53-55
[20]刘和平,严利平,张学锋等编著.TMS320LF240x DSP结构、原理及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:157-162
[21]Digital Control Systems Group.Variable Speed Control of 3-Phase AC Induction Motor. TEXAS INSTRMENTS,2000.9
[22]陈伯时主编.电力拖动自动控制系统(第二版).北京:机械工业出版社,1992.235-240
[23]李华德,杨立永.异步电动机矢量控制系统.变频器世界,2007.05:104-107
[24]王晓明,王玲.电动机的DSP控制.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.165-167
[25]林少鹿编著.滑差电动机调速及其自动控制.上海:电气自动化杂志社,1982
[26]李志民,张遇杰编著.同步电动机调速系统.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.182-188
[27]邱阿瑞,孙旭东编著.实用电动机控制.北京:人民邮电出版社,1998.85-87
[28]赵勇,耿传勇.大功率变频电源的优化设计.变频电源,2006.11(1):37-40
[29]李华德,杨立永.双馈异步电动机矢量控制系统.变频器世界,2007.06:118-121
[30]李华德,杨立永.交流电动机矢量控制坐标变换的原理和实现方法.变频器世界,2007.01:116-120
[31]刘竟成主编.交流调速系统.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1984.146-149
[32]冯垛生编著.电力变频调速与节能.贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1991:58-61
[33]陈伯时,正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)控制.电力电子,2007.2(2)49-55
[34]清源计算机工作室编著.MATLAB6.0基数及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[35]中国机械工程学会设备维修专业学会主编.机械手册第6卷电气设备修理.第3版.北京:机械工业出版社,1993.113-115
[36]刘福才,陈龙,韩会山.基于matlab的异步电动机的矢量控制系统的仿真研究.变频器世界,2006.12:41-45
[37]黄立培,张学编著.变频器应用技术及电动机调速.北京:人民邮电出版社,1998
[38]张燕宾编著.SWPM变频调速应用技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[39]王振民著.三相异步电动机的制动.北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[40]秦晓平,王克成编著.感应电动机的双馈调速和串级调速.北京:机械工业出版社,1990
[41]佟纯厚主编.近代交流调速.北京:冶金工业出版社,1985.51-58