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关于立体几何课程设置的比较与研究
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摘要
本文从几何课程的价值(自然价值、哲学价值、美学价值、实用价值和智力价值)出发,阐述开设立体几何课程的必要性。通过对《数学课程标准》、《数学教学大纲》以及《立体几何》教材的发展历程的剖析,对我国立体几何课程的发展进行纵向比较;在“课程设置的理念和原则”、“课程内容的取舍”、“课程内容的结构安排”、“几何思想方法的处理方式”、“几何在现实世界的应用的处理”等方面,与当今世界数学发展的两大主流国家——美国、俄罗斯的立体几何课程进行横向对比,取其精华,去其糟粕,从中汲取出对我国立体几何课程设置的一些启示:(1)几何直观的重要性;(2)降低立体几何课程的起点;(3)几何内容的删减要把握好尺度;(4)重要的几何思想要变“隐形”为“显形”;(5)改善几何应用的处理方式。
     在此基础上,又植根于近年来我国数学课程改革的理念和立体几何课程改革的进展,并结合我国的教育实际与学生心理,对未来中学立体几何课程的设胃提出若干思考:(1)课程内容的编排,要兼顾知识的逻辑顺序和学尘的心理发展相统一;(2)重视平面几何和立体几何的类比;(3)高中阶段立体几何有待加强的几个方面;(4)强调变换在立体几何中的重要性;(5)注意将立体几何和代数及其他学科相结合;(6)立体几何内容的设计要有一定的弹性,并注意与现代教育技术相结合。
     研究力图从几何课程相关的理论出发,深度挖掘美、俄立体几何课程中各自具有的“创新”、“严谨”特色,并融入本人对立体几何课程的理解和感悟,对立体几何课程的设置重新审视、探寻新径,以期为我国未来中学立体几何课程的设置提供一些有价值的参考。
Proceeding from the value of geometry curriculum (natural value philosophical value aesthetic value practical value and intellectual value), this article elaborated the necessity of offering the curriculum of solid geometry. By analyzing the process of development of Mathematics Curriculum Standard Mathematics Teaching Program and Solid Geometry teaching material, compared the development of solid geometry of our country vertically. In the respect of ideas and principle of setting up curriculum accepting or rejecting of curriculum content the structure arrangement of curriculum content the way of dealing with the method of thinking of geometry dealing .with the applying of geometry in the real world, compared with the curriculum of solid geometry of U.S.A and Russia, which are both mainstream countries of mathematical development in the world of today. Selected
    the essence and discarded the dross, so as to draw some enlightenment for the set-up of solid geometry of our country: (1) the importance of geometry object; (2) reducing the starting point of the curriculum of solid geometry; (3) grasping the yardstick of abridgment of geometry content; (4) changing "invisible" geometry thinking into "visible"' one; (5) improving the way of dealing with the applying of geometry.
    On the base of these, and the ideas of mathematical curriculum reform and the course of the reform of solid geometry, combining with educational reality and students' psychology, put forward some thoughts about solid geometry of middle school in future: (1) The arrangement of curriculum content should. give consideration to both the logical sequence of knowledge and the development of students' psychology, and make them united; (2) Paying great attention to the analogy of plane geometry and solid geometry; (3) Some respects remained to be strengthened about solid geometry in senior middle school; (4) Emphasizing the importance of conversion in solid geometry; (5) Stressing on the combination of solid geometry and algebra and other subjects; (6) The design of the content of solid geometry should have certain elasticity, and make solid geometry and modern education technology well combined.
    This study tried to excavate deeply enterprise and strictness characteristic about solid geometry of U.S.A and Russia, mixed with understanding and sentiment, proceeding from related theory on solid geometry. Looked closely at the set-up of the curriculum of solid geometry again and searched for a new way, expecting to offer some valuable reference for the set-up of solid geometry of our country' s middle school in future.
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