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测井曲线的自动识别与提取
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摘要
石油和天然气是重要的能源,也是十分宝贵的化工原料,因此世界各国对油气的勘探与开发都特别重视。测井数据的数字化将有利于数据的存储、管理、分析、共享和网络传输,因此测井曲线的矢量化就成为各油田的核心工作之一。目前通常采用数字化仪或国外矢量化软件来完成这一工作,但是速度较慢,效率较低,例如克拉玛依油田曾用国外仪器通过鼠标提取花了三年时间才完成了1/10的任务。因此,如何把坐标纸上的测井曲线快速地自动识别和提取出来,就成为急待解决的问题。本文针对这一要求开展了测井曲线自动识别与提取的研究工作,并提出以下理论和方法:
     ● 提出了通过空域识别和频域分析来消除背景栅格对曲线提取影响的方法。
     ● 提出了基于跟踪抗噪和参数特征(灰度、走向和线宽)的实线快速识别和提取方法。
     ● 提出了基于预处理、跟踪抗噪和参数特征(灰度、面积、高度、宽度、间距和斜率)的虚线快速识别和提取方法。
     ● 提出了利用内存映射文件来实现超大图像的显示和处理。
     ● 设计实现了良好的操作界面和简洁易用的修改工具。
     ● 实现了提取结果的矢量文件输出和误差分析。
     其中新意之处是:
     ● 提出了基于跟踪抗噪的曲线提取方案,并在此基础上利用曲线参数特征实现了对实线和虚线的快速高效提取,自动识别率优于国外同类产品。
     ● 在跟踪提取过程中使用了多线程技术,确保操作的实时性。
     ● 实现了对双比例曲线的拼接提取,填补了数字化仪和国外软件的空白。
     ● 在内存和显存受限系统上完成了对超过10米的大图的处理和显示,保证了软件可以在单机上运行。
Oil and natural gas are both important energy and precious chemical resources, so it is not surprised that all the countries pay special attentions to their oil exploitation. A part of the key work of each oil field is to take full advantages of the wel 1 log curves on graphs, analyse and extract the information contained, and store them properly. The oil field, named Kelamayi, spent nearly three years to finish only one tenth of the work. The main aim was at vectorizing the well log curves applying foreign software. The main tool is a mouse. How to vectorize the information rapidly and correctly remains to be an emergent unresolved problem. To solve the problem, this paper tries to design software for automatic vectorization. What we have done are:
    · Deleting the back grids of the wel 1 log grapphs by analyzing in spatial domain or filtering in frenquency domain.
    · Recoginzing the curves rapidly and correctly by analysis of the colors, orientations and widths of the curves concerned.
    · Recogizing the dotted lines rapidly and correctly by analysis of the colors, areas, heights, widths, gaps and orientations of the lines
    · Displaying and processing of super large imges using memory mapping file.
    · Developing friendly oprating interface and easily used tools.
    · Designing the exportation and verification of the vectorzized data Among these lie the innovations as the follows.
    
    
    
    · Bring forward a method based on tracing, denoising and character parameters delecting to recognize the cuves rapidly and correctly. It has been proved to be more efficient than the foreign one.
    · Apply multi-threads in the course of recognition to ensure operating in real time.
    · Real i se the automatic connect ion of hi-scale curves and dotted 1 ines, which is unavailable in dat.a-dosk and forign software.
    · Display and process successfully super large images in a memory limited system and run smoothly on PC.
引文
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