摘要
随着大规模集成电路和计算机技术的飞速发展,数字技术渗透到各个技术领域。但是自然界中大多数物理信号却是模拟信号,因此,将模拟信号转化成数字信号是进行信号处理和分析的首要前提。数据采集系统即是完成这样的任务,将采集到的模拟信号转换成计算机能识别的数字信号。
传统的数据采集系统是基于ISA总线设计的,但由于ISA总线带宽的限制,无法满足高速数据传输的要求,PCI局部总线的引入,打破了数据传输的瓶颈,以其优异的性能和适应性成为微机总线的主流,基于PCI总线的数据采集系统是高速数据采集的发展方向。
本论文从硬件和驱动程序两个方面对基于PCI总线的数据采集卡进行了研究,并完成了实物的设计。论文中讨论了PCI总线的基本结构,详细介绍了基于PCI总线数据采集卡的核心器件——PCI接口控制芯片S5933。外加数据缓存器件是提高数据采集卡速度的一个重要措施。本论文利用S5933的PASS-THRU通道,结合片外双口RAM,完成对数据的传输。同时也对构成数据采集卡的其它配置芯片在接口电路、时序逻辑等方面加以讨论,给出了用可编程逻辑器件进行时序逻辑设计的基本原理图和ABEL源程序,最后介绍了对PCI总线数据采集卡驱动程序VxD的开发及编程方法。
通过实际测试,该数据采集卡顺利完成了数据采集功能,并实现了单路数/模转换,对采样结果的波形分析,验证了本次设计的合理正确性,达到了预期的设计效果。
With the swift development of LSI(Large Scale Integration) and computer science, the digital technology has come into every field of knowledge. As analog signals are the most physical signals in the nature, the conversation from analog signals to digital ones has been the most important step on the way of signal procession and analysis control. Data acquisition system converts analog signal to the digital one, which can be identified with the computer.
Conditional data acquisition system is designed based on ISA bus. With the limits of the bandwidth of ISA bus, it is difficult to perform the high-speed data transmission. PCI local bus, with the outstanding capability and excellent adaptation, has resolved this problem and become the main bus in the computer. The development of data acquisition system based on PCI bus has taken the lead of the high-speed data acquisition.
The design of a data acquisition card based on PCI bus, including hardware development and driver program, is discussed in the paper. The basic configuration of PCI bus is introduced, as well as S5933, the core component in the card, which performs the control of PCI interface. The accession of a data buffer storage is a effective measure to improve the speed of the data acquisition. In the paper, the data is transferred via the S5933 Pass-Thru data transfer, with a dual-port Static Ram. The interface circuits and time logic of other chips that compose the card are also inferred. CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device), which is designed to control the time logic of the whole card, is described with the schematics and ABEL source programme. At the end of the paper, the development of driver program VxD is mentioned.
In the practical measurement, the designed card has acquired the data successfully and also completed the single-channel conversation of D/A. According to the analysis of the sampling signals, the design is proved to be a success and the performance meets the expectations.
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