网络信息资源书目控制研究
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摘要
随着网络信息技术的不断发展以及人们需求的逐渐增长,对海量无序、质量良莠不齐的网络信息资源进行有效地组织与管理已迫在眉睫。为解决这一难题,图书情报界人士提出了许多解决办法,其中包括书目控制的成功运用。一些研究者已经对网络信息资源书目控制进行了初步的研究。但这些研究多是概括性的,且比较分散。
有鉴于此,笔者拟在当前国内外学者研究的基础上,运用宏观与微观相结合、案例分析、比较分析等方法对网络信息资源书目控制进行较为全面系统的研究。笔者希望通过对网络信息资源书目控制的探究,不仅能有效地组织和管理网络信息资源,对网络信息资源书目控制的发展有所裨益,而且便于人们更好地利用网络信息资源。本文的基本思路是以书目控制为主要手段,以网络信息资源为控制对象,重点放在如何对网络信息资源进行书目控制上。本文有两条线索贯穿其中,一条是以网络信息资源书目控制的内容范围(即选择控制、描述控制、检索控制、规范控制)为主线,一条是以网络信息资源书目控制的模式(即搜索引擎模式、网络资源指南模式、学科信息门户模式、数字图书馆模式)为辅线,对不同的网络信息资源书目控制内容范围内不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式进行了深入地研究,并对网络信息资源书目控制的未来发展趋势进行了预测。文中附有图2幅,表27个。全文约17万字,共分为四大部分、七章内容,主要内容如下：
第一部分(第1章)探讨了网络信息资源书目控制的基本理论问题。网络信息资源书目控制是在借鉴传统书目控制的基础上发展起来的。要借鉴传统的书目控制理论,首先要对书目控制的基本概念、相关概念、内容范围以及任务有比较准确的理解。在此基础上,笔者重点研究了网络信息资源书目控制的必要性、概念、内容范围、原则和模式。尤其是对网络信息资源书目控制内容范围的确定和网络信息资源书目控制模式的提出,使得本文有了坚实的立足点。笔者认为,网络信息资源书目控制的内容范围主要包括选择控制、描述控制、检索控制和规范控制四个方面；网络信息资源书目控制的主要模式有搜索引擎模式、网络资源指南模式、学科信息门户模式、数字图书馆模式等四种模式。这部分研究为后面的研究奠定了理论基础。
第二部分(第2-5章)分析研究了不同网络信息资源书目控制模式的选择控制问题、描述控制问题、检索控制问题和规范控制问题。下面分述如下：
第2章分析研究了网络信息资源的选择控制问题。选择控制是进行其它控制的前提和基础。网络信息资源选择控制就是要对海量的网络信息资源中冗余和不稳定的信息资源进行控制,以选择效用信息。选择控制主要表现在资源选择原则、资源收集范围、资源选择标准和资源评价标准中。不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式,其选择控制是不同的。笔者对搜索引擎、网络资源指南、学科信息门户、数字图书馆的选择控制进行了分别研究。对各种模式的选择控制的研究都选取了有代表性的案例作为研究的对象,分析研究了不同模式选择控制的特点及其存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了相应的对策。笔者认为,搜索引擎是在一定的选择标准和规则的基础上,对庞杂的网络信息资源进行了一定的选择控制。因此,笔者也对搜索引擎的选择控制进行了研究。总体而言,各种不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式都对网络信息资源进行了一定的选择控制,他们的选择控制是逐步提高的。数字图书馆的选择控制优于学科信息门户的选择控制；学科信息门户的选择控制优于网络资源指南的选择控制；网络资源指南的选择控制优于搜索引擎的选择控制。搜索引擎的选择控制最不理想。
第3章探讨了网络信息资源的描述控制问题。网络信息资源的描述控制就是要对每个“收录”的网络信息资源进行记录、描述、排列。由于网络信息资源具有动态性、多样性、不稳定性、重复性等特点,使得对网络信息资源进行描述控制面临着许多困难：难以选定信息源与描述内容、难以判定版本、难以确定有关日期、难以一次完成等。针对这些问题,不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式采用了不同的方法,来实现对网络信息资源的描述控制。笔者分别研究了搜索引擎、网络资源指南、学科信息门户、数字图书馆的描述控制。在研究过程中,选取了有代表性的案例作为研究的对象,分析研究了不同模式描述控制的特点,分析了存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了有针对性的建议。从总体上看,各种不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式都对网络信息资源进行了一定的描述控制,而且数字图书馆和学科信息门户的描述控制优于网络资源指南和搜索引擎的描述控制。搜索引擎的描述控制最不理想,但它也给用户提供了基本的描述内容。
第4章对网络信息资源的检索控制问题进行了分析研究。检索控制是通过对信息资源的内容特征的揭示来实现的,其重点是在对信息资源进行形式特征描述的基础上,对信息资源内容进行分类标引和主题标引。网络信息资源的检索控制除了分类标引和主题标引,还提供了一些独特的检索控制方法。笔者依次研究了搜索引擎、网络资源指南、学科信息门户、数字图书馆的检索控制。对各种模式的检索控制的研究也都选取了有代表性的案例作为研究的对象,分析研究了其不同模式的检索控制特点,探讨了存在的主要问题,并针对这些问题提出了改进的措施。总体而言,各种不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式对网络信息资源都进行了一定的检索控制,而且其检索控制多优于其它控制。
第5章分析研究了网络信息资源的规范控制问题。规范控制历来是书目控制的重要内容,重点是通过确定标目范围、统一标目形式及建立参照关系来实现目录的揭示与集中和查询功能。不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式,其规范控制的方式方法是不同。笔者分别对搜索引擎、网络资源指南、学科信息门户、数字图书馆的规范控制进行了研究。对各种模式的规范控制的研究同样选取了有代表性的案例作为研究的对象,分析研究了不同模式的规范控制的特点及其存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了相应的对策。笔者认为,搜索引擎提供的某些功能起到了规范控制的作用,因而,搜索引擎也进行了规范控制。总体而言,各种不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式对网络信息资源进行了一定的规范控制。笔者认为,在对网络信息资源进行规范控制时,应该借鉴传统的规范控制的经验,并结合网络信息资源的特点,寻求网络信息资源规范控制的新方法,对重要的网络信息资源进行规范控制。
第三部分(第6章)主要探讨了网络信息资源书目控制的未来发展趋势。随着网络信息资源书目控制研究工作的逐步深入和实践工作的广泛开展,以及网络技术的发展和人们对网络信息资源需求的增加,网络信息资源书目控制在经历了最初的发展后,应该朝着面向对象全球化、控制模式融合化、描述控制简单化、书目控制合作化的方向发展。
第四部分(第7章)是结论部分。结论部分对本文进行了总结,指出了今后研究的方向。
Drastic measures should be taken urgently to deal with the efficient organization and management of huge amount of disordered information which qualities are uneven with the rapid development of the information and network technology and the increasing demands to meet the people's needs. In order to solve this problem, many experts in the library and information field have offered some solutions, including the bibliographic control. Some researchers have made a preliminary study on the bibliographic control of the web information. However, according to the investigation and research on which the dissertation based, such studies are general and inadequate in system.
Accordingly the dissertation makes an overall and systematic research on the bibliographic control of the web information resources on the basis of the present studies home and abroad by combining the general studies with the specific studies and by means of the cases analysis, comparisons analysis, etc. Not only the efficient organization and management of magnanimous uneven information in the web and promotion of bibliographic control are expected, but also the more convenient use of information resource for general users. The aspect of this dissertation is the bibliographic control of the web information resources:bibliographic control as the means and web information as the objective. Exerting into information resources as well as probing into the models to control various contents and scales concerns the bibliographic information resources in two approaches, one is the main approach coping with the content and scale of the bibliographic control of the web information resources (namely:selection control, description control, retrieval control and authority control), and the other is the subsidiary approach dealing with the models of the bibliographic control of the web information resources (namely:the model of the search engine, the model of the web directory, the model of the subject information gateway and the model of the digital library). There are 2 diagrams,27 tables,7 chapters in 4 parts, totally 170000 words in the dissertation. The main contents are as follows:
The first part (Chapter I) explores the basic theory concerning the bibliographic control of the web information resources developed on the basis of the traditional bibliographic control, which needs more reclaimed understanding on the basic concepts, relevant concepts, contents and scales as well as the functions of the bibliographic control, especially the confirmation regarding to the contents and scales of it as well as the illustrated models serve as the standpoint of the dissertation. It elaborates four varieties contents and scales of the bibliographic controls of the web information resources:selection control, description control, retrieval control and authority control, and four models concerning:the models of the search engine, web directory, subject information gateway and digital library, which lays a solid theoretical foundation for the further research.
The second part (from ChapterⅡto Chapter V) analyzes and probes into the models to control various contents and scales concerning the bibliographic control of the web information resources including selection control, description control, retrieval control and authority control in more detail:
ChapterⅡexpounds the selection control of the web information resources, which is the premise and basis for other controls. The selection control of the web information resources filters the useless and unstable numerous web information resources to select the valuable information, which lies in the standard as to the principle to select resources, the collective scale and evaluation of the resources. Different models of the bibliographic control of the web information resources have different choices to make. The author also researches on the selection control of the models of the search engine, web directory, subject information gateway and digital library respectively. Typical cases are selected as samples, which concentrates on the characteristics and problems then accordingly the possible solutions. The dissertation particularly studies the selection control of the search engine because it is based on some certain selective standards and principles to control the large amount of the web information resources. On the whole, various models of the bibliographic control influence the selection of the web information resources, and their controls increase progressively. The selection control of the digital library is superior to the model of the subjects information gateway; The selection control of the subjects information gateway is superior to the model of the web directory, the model of the web directory is superior to the model of the search engine, the model of the search engine is the least ideal one.
ChapterⅢexplores the description control of the web information resources, which serves as recording, describing and arranging the "collected" web information resources. The difficulties to make the description control of the web information resources exist, such as the selection of the information sources, the descriptive contents, the versions, the exact date and the completion in one time, because various web information is unstable, changing and repeating. In order to solve the problems mentioned above, sorts of models of the bibliographic control of the web information resources adopt different measures to realize the description control of the web information resources. Researches on the description control of the model of the search engine, web directory, subject information gateway and the model of the digital library are emphasized respectively. It selects some typical cases as samples, concentrates on the characteristics and problems and accordingly the possible advice. On the whole, various models of the bibliographic control influence the description control of the web information resources. The description control of the model of the digital library and the subject information gateway is superior to the model of the web directory and the search engine. The description control of the search engine is the least ideal one, yet it offers the users some basic descriptive contents.
Chapter IV analyzes and studies the retrieval control of the web information resources, which enables users to get access to the information according to its contents and characteristics, focusing on the classification indexing and subject indexing based on the accurate characteristic description. The retrieval control of the web information resources also provides the users with some unique methods to achieve the goal despite the classification indexing and subject indexing. The author discusses the retrieval control concerning the model of the search engine, the model of the web directory, the model of the subject information gateway and the model of the digital library, from which the author selects many typical cases as samples to study, analyzes and works on the features of different models of retrieval control, explores the main existing problems as well as offers the solution to the problems successively. Generally speaking, different models of bibliographic control have the functions of the retrieval control of the web information resources, which is superior to many other content of control.
Chapter V probes into the authority control of the web information, which is historically the crucial content of the bibliographic control, available to get access to the required and consulted information by means of confirming the objective scale, standardizing the objective forms and establishing reference relations to reveal the contents. Indeed different bibliographic control of the web information resources takes distinct authority control of the web information resource, however, the authority control varies. The author makes researches on the authority control of the models of the search engine, the web directory, the subject information gateway and the digital library respectively, selects some typical cases as samples, concentrates on the characteristics and problems and accordingly the possible solutions. The author argues that the model of the search engine has some functions of the authority control of the web information and so does the different bibliographic control of the web information resources on the whole. The author also believes that people should learn from the traditional experience on the authority control, combine the new features of the web information resources with the latest approaches concerning the authority control of the web information so as to comprehend the authority control of the web information resources.
The third part (Chapter VI) chiefly explores the tendency of the future development of the bibliographic control of the web information resources. With the further research and widespread development of the practical work of the bibliographic control of the web information resources as well as the advance of the web technology and the people's increasing demand for the web information resources, the bibliographic control of the web information resources should tend to improve. After the initial evolution, to direction of the objective globalization, the integrated control models, the simplified description control and the cooperative bibliographic control of the information will be the orientation.
The fourth or the last part (Chapter VII) is the conclusion, which is the summary of my dissertation, pointing out the direction for future research.
有鉴于此,笔者拟在当前国内外学者研究的基础上,运用宏观与微观相结合、案例分析、比较分析等方法对网络信息资源书目控制进行较为全面系统的研究。笔者希望通过对网络信息资源书目控制的探究,不仅能有效地组织和管理网络信息资源,对网络信息资源书目控制的发展有所裨益,而且便于人们更好地利用网络信息资源。本文的基本思路是以书目控制为主要手段,以网络信息资源为控制对象,重点放在如何对网络信息资源进行书目控制上。本文有两条线索贯穿其中,一条是以网络信息资源书目控制的内容范围(即选择控制、描述控制、检索控制、规范控制)为主线,一条是以网络信息资源书目控制的模式(即搜索引擎模式、网络资源指南模式、学科信息门户模式、数字图书馆模式)为辅线,对不同的网络信息资源书目控制内容范围内不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式进行了深入地研究,并对网络信息资源书目控制的未来发展趋势进行了预测。文中附有图2幅,表27个。全文约17万字,共分为四大部分、七章内容,主要内容如下：
第一部分(第1章)探讨了网络信息资源书目控制的基本理论问题。网络信息资源书目控制是在借鉴传统书目控制的基础上发展起来的。要借鉴传统的书目控制理论,首先要对书目控制的基本概念、相关概念、内容范围以及任务有比较准确的理解。在此基础上,笔者重点研究了网络信息资源书目控制的必要性、概念、内容范围、原则和模式。尤其是对网络信息资源书目控制内容范围的确定和网络信息资源书目控制模式的提出,使得本文有了坚实的立足点。笔者认为,网络信息资源书目控制的内容范围主要包括选择控制、描述控制、检索控制和规范控制四个方面；网络信息资源书目控制的主要模式有搜索引擎模式、网络资源指南模式、学科信息门户模式、数字图书馆模式等四种模式。这部分研究为后面的研究奠定了理论基础。
第二部分(第2-5章)分析研究了不同网络信息资源书目控制模式的选择控制问题、描述控制问题、检索控制问题和规范控制问题。下面分述如下：
第2章分析研究了网络信息资源的选择控制问题。选择控制是进行其它控制的前提和基础。网络信息资源选择控制就是要对海量的网络信息资源中冗余和不稳定的信息资源进行控制,以选择效用信息。选择控制主要表现在资源选择原则、资源收集范围、资源选择标准和资源评价标准中。不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式,其选择控制是不同的。笔者对搜索引擎、网络资源指南、学科信息门户、数字图书馆的选择控制进行了分别研究。对各种模式的选择控制的研究都选取了有代表性的案例作为研究的对象,分析研究了不同模式选择控制的特点及其存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了相应的对策。笔者认为,搜索引擎是在一定的选择标准和规则的基础上,对庞杂的网络信息资源进行了一定的选择控制。因此,笔者也对搜索引擎的选择控制进行了研究。总体而言,各种不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式都对网络信息资源进行了一定的选择控制,他们的选择控制是逐步提高的。数字图书馆的选择控制优于学科信息门户的选择控制；学科信息门户的选择控制优于网络资源指南的选择控制；网络资源指南的选择控制优于搜索引擎的选择控制。搜索引擎的选择控制最不理想。
第3章探讨了网络信息资源的描述控制问题。网络信息资源的描述控制就是要对每个“收录”的网络信息资源进行记录、描述、排列。由于网络信息资源具有动态性、多样性、不稳定性、重复性等特点,使得对网络信息资源进行描述控制面临着许多困难：难以选定信息源与描述内容、难以判定版本、难以确定有关日期、难以一次完成等。针对这些问题,不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式采用了不同的方法,来实现对网络信息资源的描述控制。笔者分别研究了搜索引擎、网络资源指南、学科信息门户、数字图书馆的描述控制。在研究过程中,选取了有代表性的案例作为研究的对象,分析研究了不同模式描述控制的特点,分析了存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了有针对性的建议。从总体上看,各种不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式都对网络信息资源进行了一定的描述控制,而且数字图书馆和学科信息门户的描述控制优于网络资源指南和搜索引擎的描述控制。搜索引擎的描述控制最不理想,但它也给用户提供了基本的描述内容。
第4章对网络信息资源的检索控制问题进行了分析研究。检索控制是通过对信息资源的内容特征的揭示来实现的,其重点是在对信息资源进行形式特征描述的基础上,对信息资源内容进行分类标引和主题标引。网络信息资源的检索控制除了分类标引和主题标引,还提供了一些独特的检索控制方法。笔者依次研究了搜索引擎、网络资源指南、学科信息门户、数字图书馆的检索控制。对各种模式的检索控制的研究也都选取了有代表性的案例作为研究的对象,分析研究了其不同模式的检索控制特点,探讨了存在的主要问题,并针对这些问题提出了改进的措施。总体而言,各种不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式对网络信息资源都进行了一定的检索控制,而且其检索控制多优于其它控制。
第5章分析研究了网络信息资源的规范控制问题。规范控制历来是书目控制的重要内容,重点是通过确定标目范围、统一标目形式及建立参照关系来实现目录的揭示与集中和查询功能。不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式,其规范控制的方式方法是不同。笔者分别对搜索引擎、网络资源指南、学科信息门户、数字图书馆的规范控制进行了研究。对各种模式的规范控制的研究同样选取了有代表性的案例作为研究的对象,分析研究了不同模式的规范控制的特点及其存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了相应的对策。笔者认为,搜索引擎提供的某些功能起到了规范控制的作用,因而,搜索引擎也进行了规范控制。总体而言,各种不同的网络信息资源书目控制模式对网络信息资源进行了一定的规范控制。笔者认为,在对网络信息资源进行规范控制时,应该借鉴传统的规范控制的经验,并结合网络信息资源的特点,寻求网络信息资源规范控制的新方法,对重要的网络信息资源进行规范控制。
第三部分(第6章)主要探讨了网络信息资源书目控制的未来发展趋势。随着网络信息资源书目控制研究工作的逐步深入和实践工作的广泛开展,以及网络技术的发展和人们对网络信息资源需求的增加,网络信息资源书目控制在经历了最初的发展后,应该朝着面向对象全球化、控制模式融合化、描述控制简单化、书目控制合作化的方向发展。
第四部分(第7章)是结论部分。结论部分对本文进行了总结,指出了今后研究的方向。
Drastic measures should be taken urgently to deal with the efficient organization and management of huge amount of disordered information which qualities are uneven with the rapid development of the information and network technology and the increasing demands to meet the people's needs. In order to solve this problem, many experts in the library and information field have offered some solutions, including the bibliographic control. Some researchers have made a preliminary study on the bibliographic control of the web information. However, according to the investigation and research on which the dissertation based, such studies are general and inadequate in system.
Accordingly the dissertation makes an overall and systematic research on the bibliographic control of the web information resources on the basis of the present studies home and abroad by combining the general studies with the specific studies and by means of the cases analysis, comparisons analysis, etc. Not only the efficient organization and management of magnanimous uneven information in the web and promotion of bibliographic control are expected, but also the more convenient use of information resource for general users. The aspect of this dissertation is the bibliographic control of the web information resources:bibliographic control as the means and web information as the objective. Exerting into information resources as well as probing into the models to control various contents and scales concerns the bibliographic information resources in two approaches, one is the main approach coping with the content and scale of the bibliographic control of the web information resources (namely:selection control, description control, retrieval control and authority control), and the other is the subsidiary approach dealing with the models of the bibliographic control of the web information resources (namely:the model of the search engine, the model of the web directory, the model of the subject information gateway and the model of the digital library). There are 2 diagrams,27 tables,7 chapters in 4 parts, totally 170000 words in the dissertation. The main contents are as follows:
The first part (Chapter I) explores the basic theory concerning the bibliographic control of the web information resources developed on the basis of the traditional bibliographic control, which needs more reclaimed understanding on the basic concepts, relevant concepts, contents and scales as well as the functions of the bibliographic control, especially the confirmation regarding to the contents and scales of it as well as the illustrated models serve as the standpoint of the dissertation. It elaborates four varieties contents and scales of the bibliographic controls of the web information resources:selection control, description control, retrieval control and authority control, and four models concerning:the models of the search engine, web directory, subject information gateway and digital library, which lays a solid theoretical foundation for the further research.
The second part (from ChapterⅡto Chapter V) analyzes and probes into the models to control various contents and scales concerning the bibliographic control of the web information resources including selection control, description control, retrieval control and authority control in more detail:
ChapterⅡexpounds the selection control of the web information resources, which is the premise and basis for other controls. The selection control of the web information resources filters the useless and unstable numerous web information resources to select the valuable information, which lies in the standard as to the principle to select resources, the collective scale and evaluation of the resources. Different models of the bibliographic control of the web information resources have different choices to make. The author also researches on the selection control of the models of the search engine, web directory, subject information gateway and digital library respectively. Typical cases are selected as samples, which concentrates on the characteristics and problems then accordingly the possible solutions. The dissertation particularly studies the selection control of the search engine because it is based on some certain selective standards and principles to control the large amount of the web information resources. On the whole, various models of the bibliographic control influence the selection of the web information resources, and their controls increase progressively. The selection control of the digital library is superior to the model of the subjects information gateway; The selection control of the subjects information gateway is superior to the model of the web directory, the model of the web directory is superior to the model of the search engine, the model of the search engine is the least ideal one.
ChapterⅢexplores the description control of the web information resources, which serves as recording, describing and arranging the "collected" web information resources. The difficulties to make the description control of the web information resources exist, such as the selection of the information sources, the descriptive contents, the versions, the exact date and the completion in one time, because various web information is unstable, changing and repeating. In order to solve the problems mentioned above, sorts of models of the bibliographic control of the web information resources adopt different measures to realize the description control of the web information resources. Researches on the description control of the model of the search engine, web directory, subject information gateway and the model of the digital library are emphasized respectively. It selects some typical cases as samples, concentrates on the characteristics and problems and accordingly the possible advice. On the whole, various models of the bibliographic control influence the description control of the web information resources. The description control of the model of the digital library and the subject information gateway is superior to the model of the web directory and the search engine. The description control of the search engine is the least ideal one, yet it offers the users some basic descriptive contents.
Chapter IV analyzes and studies the retrieval control of the web information resources, which enables users to get access to the information according to its contents and characteristics, focusing on the classification indexing and subject indexing based on the accurate characteristic description. The retrieval control of the web information resources also provides the users with some unique methods to achieve the goal despite the classification indexing and subject indexing. The author discusses the retrieval control concerning the model of the search engine, the model of the web directory, the model of the subject information gateway and the model of the digital library, from which the author selects many typical cases as samples to study, analyzes and works on the features of different models of retrieval control, explores the main existing problems as well as offers the solution to the problems successively. Generally speaking, different models of bibliographic control have the functions of the retrieval control of the web information resources, which is superior to many other content of control.
Chapter V probes into the authority control of the web information, which is historically the crucial content of the bibliographic control, available to get access to the required and consulted information by means of confirming the objective scale, standardizing the objective forms and establishing reference relations to reveal the contents. Indeed different bibliographic control of the web information resources takes distinct authority control of the web information resource, however, the authority control varies. The author makes researches on the authority control of the models of the search engine, the web directory, the subject information gateway and the digital library respectively, selects some typical cases as samples, concentrates on the characteristics and problems and accordingly the possible solutions. The author argues that the model of the search engine has some functions of the authority control of the web information and so does the different bibliographic control of the web information resources on the whole. The author also believes that people should learn from the traditional experience on the authority control, combine the new features of the web information resources with the latest approaches concerning the authority control of the web information so as to comprehend the authority control of the web information resources.
The third part (Chapter VI) chiefly explores the tendency of the future development of the bibliographic control of the web information resources. With the further research and widespread development of the practical work of the bibliographic control of the web information resources as well as the advance of the web technology and the people's increasing demand for the web information resources, the bibliographic control of the web information resources should tend to improve. After the initial evolution, to direction of the objective globalization, the integrated control models, the simplified description control and the cooperative bibliographic control of the information will be the orientation.
The fourth or the last part (Chapter VII) is the conclusion, which is the summary of my dissertation, pointing out the direction for future research.
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