基于嵌入式技术的老年健康服务平台的研究与实现
摘要
目前,人口老龄化形势日趋严峻,老龄化问题日渐突出,我国出现了很多的8-4-2-1家庭结构。子女在照顾老人和孩子的同时,还要做好自己的工作,对老人的照顾成为一个很大的问题,因此发展老年人健康服务事业已迫在眉睫。老年健康监护系统重点是能够及时了解老人的健康状况,并且在出现危险时及时施救,有利于子女对老年人的关心照顾,能有效缓解人口老龄化所带来的一些矛盾和问题。
本课题依托“山东省科技攻关项目——《基于机器人的智能家居远程医疗保健监护平台研究》(No.2009GG10001011)”,对老年人生理参数的采集及无线远程数据传输等关键技术进行了研究,利用传感器技术和嵌入式技术,结合GPS定位、蓝牙、GPRS通讯、TCP/IP、数据库等技术实现了老年健康信息及定位信息的采集、处理、上传和存储,搭建了一个完整的软硬件和上位机数据库相结合的老年健康监护平台。该系统平台能够提供实时有效的健康信息和定位信息,为老年人的医疗救助提供数据支持,旨在为老年人提供良好的监护环境以及和谐、舒适、愉悦的生活条件和氛围。
本文首先介绍了老年健康监护系统的研究背景、意义及国内外发展现状。并且构建了由穿戴式心率血氧检测单元、定位信息采集单元、数据分析处理单元、GPRS数据传输单元及监护中心组成的系统平台,其中心率血氧检测单元根据动脉搏动期间光吸收量的变化,利用MSP430F2132计算脉动所吸收的两种光谱的比率,通过定标得出心率血氧值,并采用无线蓝牙数据传输技术；定位采用GPS&GSM双重定位机制；数据分析处理单元采用MSP430F149为主控制器,对生理参数及定位信息数据进行分析处理后形成数据帧,然后通过GPRS发送到远程健康监护中心。监护中心可以对数据进行查询,实时检测等,并采用ACCESS数据库对数据进行存储。实验表明本系统能够对老人的生理参数及位置信息进行实时跟踪,实现远程监护。
该平台各单元均具有开放式接口和式协议,为其他生理监护设备提供了有好的接口,最终构建一个老年健康监护的综合服务平台,使医疗保健服务水平上了新的台阶。
At present, aging of the population is becoming increasingly serious. The problem of aging has become increasingly prominent. The 8-4-2-1 family structure is common in China. Middle-aged persons need to take care of the aged and their children, and also to do their work well at the same time. Taking good care of the aged becomes an increasingly serious problem. So it is imminent to develop the services for elderly health. The crucial of the elderly health care is to understand the health-status of the aged, and rescue them timely when they are in danger. It will be helpful in working with the elderly. It can alleviate the contradictions and problems effectively, which the aging of the population brings.
The topic is mainly based on a scientific and technological project of Shandong province,which is named of Smart Home Remote Healthcare Monitoring Platform Based on Robot(No.2009GG10001011). It researches on the key technologies of elderly physiological parameter data acquisition and wireless transmission. Sensor technology and embedded technology have been used in this research, combining the technologies of GPS positioning, Bluetooth, GPRS communication, TCP/IP and so on, to achieve the elderly health information and positioning information collection, processing, uploading and storaging, to build the elderly health care platform combined with the complete hardware, software and the computer database. The system can give assistance for the medical aid by providing real-time health information and location information. It is designed to provide a good care environment, harmonious, comfortable and pleasant living conditions for the aged.
The thesis firstly introduces the current research background and status of elderly health telemonitoring system, and builts the system's platform, which includes many parts, such as blood oxygen degree instrument, positioning information acquisition unit, GPRS and the central monitoring system. According to the artery pulsation period of change in optical absorption, and calculate the absorption spectra of two pulse rate with MSP430F2132, the value of oxygen saturation can be estimated, the Position System integrating GPS and GSM positioning technology, The health information and locating information are collected into the main control board, which use the MSP430F149 as the main controller. After analysising and processing, the data has been sent to the remote health care centers with GPRS. The PC software can query the real-time data, using the ACCESS database for data storage. The results of test verify that the system run well for the real-time health information monitoring, and this is a good for elderly health care.
All of the parts of the system have open interfaces, open protocol and so on. The system has a good expansibility for other Monitoring System, and ultimately can set up an integrated services platform for elderly health surveillance. The medical care service level will come to a new level.
本课题依托“山东省科技攻关项目——《基于机器人的智能家居远程医疗保健监护平台研究》(No.2009GG10001011)”,对老年人生理参数的采集及无线远程数据传输等关键技术进行了研究,利用传感器技术和嵌入式技术,结合GPS定位、蓝牙、GPRS通讯、TCP/IP、数据库等技术实现了老年健康信息及定位信息的采集、处理、上传和存储,搭建了一个完整的软硬件和上位机数据库相结合的老年健康监护平台。该系统平台能够提供实时有效的健康信息和定位信息,为老年人的医疗救助提供数据支持,旨在为老年人提供良好的监护环境以及和谐、舒适、愉悦的生活条件和氛围。
本文首先介绍了老年健康监护系统的研究背景、意义及国内外发展现状。并且构建了由穿戴式心率血氧检测单元、定位信息采集单元、数据分析处理单元、GPRS数据传输单元及监护中心组成的系统平台,其中心率血氧检测单元根据动脉搏动期间光吸收量的变化,利用MSP430F2132计算脉动所吸收的两种光谱的比率,通过定标得出心率血氧值,并采用无线蓝牙数据传输技术；定位采用GPS&GSM双重定位机制；数据分析处理单元采用MSP430F149为主控制器,对生理参数及定位信息数据进行分析处理后形成数据帧,然后通过GPRS发送到远程健康监护中心。监护中心可以对数据进行查询,实时检测等,并采用ACCESS数据库对数据进行存储。实验表明本系统能够对老人的生理参数及位置信息进行实时跟踪,实现远程监护。
该平台各单元均具有开放式接口和式协议,为其他生理监护设备提供了有好的接口,最终构建一个老年健康监护的综合服务平台,使医疗保健服务水平上了新的台阶。
At present, aging of the population is becoming increasingly serious. The problem of aging has become increasingly prominent. The 8-4-2-1 family structure is common in China. Middle-aged persons need to take care of the aged and their children, and also to do their work well at the same time. Taking good care of the aged becomes an increasingly serious problem. So it is imminent to develop the services for elderly health. The crucial of the elderly health care is to understand the health-status of the aged, and rescue them timely when they are in danger. It will be helpful in working with the elderly. It can alleviate the contradictions and problems effectively, which the aging of the population brings.
The topic is mainly based on a scientific and technological project of Shandong province,which is named of Smart Home Remote Healthcare Monitoring Platform Based on Robot(No.2009GG10001011). It researches on the key technologies of elderly physiological parameter data acquisition and wireless transmission. Sensor technology and embedded technology have been used in this research, combining the technologies of GPS positioning, Bluetooth, GPRS communication, TCP/IP and so on, to achieve the elderly health information and positioning information collection, processing, uploading and storaging, to build the elderly health care platform combined with the complete hardware, software and the computer database. The system can give assistance for the medical aid by providing real-time health information and location information. It is designed to provide a good care environment, harmonious, comfortable and pleasant living conditions for the aged.
The thesis firstly introduces the current research background and status of elderly health telemonitoring system, and builts the system's platform, which includes many parts, such as blood oxygen degree instrument, positioning information acquisition unit, GPRS and the central monitoring system. According to the artery pulsation period of change in optical absorption, and calculate the absorption spectra of two pulse rate with MSP430F2132, the value of oxygen saturation can be estimated, the Position System integrating GPS and GSM positioning technology, The health information and locating information are collected into the main control board, which use the MSP430F149 as the main controller. After analysising and processing, the data has been sent to the remote health care centers with GPRS. The PC software can query the real-time data, using the ACCESS database for data storage. The results of test verify that the system run well for the real-time health information monitoring, and this is a good for elderly health care.
All of the parts of the system have open interfaces, open protocol and so on. The system has a good expansibility for other Monitoring System, and ultimately can set up an integrated services platform for elderly health surveillance. The medical care service level will come to a new level.
引文
[1]刘达,王田苗,张大朋.医用机器人的发展方向[J].中国医疗器械杂志,2008,31(3)：25-28
[2]李瑞欣,张西正,侍才洪.医疗机器人的研究与进展[J].中国医学装备,2009,6(1)：7-12
[3]殷兰兰,刘静华,陈殿生.服务机器人辅助老年人生活[J].机器人技术与应用,2010；(3)：2-5
[4]彭群红.江西城市老年人口社会保障资金管理体制改革与对策研究[D].南昌：南昌大学,2007
[5]Grigore C Burdea, Stanley M Dunn. Evaluation of robot based registration for subtraction radiography[J]. Medical Image Analysis,2005,V3(3):265-274
[6]Kimura H, Suda A,Sakuma T, Tatsumi K, Kawakami Y, Kuriyama T. Nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturation and prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and late sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis. Respiratory Failure Research Group in Japan. Intern Med.1998 Apr;37(4):354-9.
[7]刘新梅,李洪光.蓝牙传输性能研究的主要问题与现状[J].电子世界,2011,14：34-35
[8]郭峰.蓝牙数据传输性能增强技术研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2007.10
[9]曹冲.谈中国广域GPS增强网系统及其服务体系[J].中国计算机报,1995,3(14)：23-24
[10]张平川,魏威.基于GSM信号无源雷达系统双基站的优化分配研究[J].仪表技术与传感器,2010,1(3)：34-35
[11]Takeshi Nagata. An Electric Power Energy Monitoring System in Campus using an Internet [J]. IEEE, 2006;(2):68～79
[12]S.S.Intille, Designing a home of the future, IEEE Pervasive Comput,2002,1(2):68～79
[13]文耀锋.一种实时的跌倒姿态检测和心率监护系统的研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2008.12
[14]谭林.中医按摩机器人的运动控制系统研究[D].济南：山东建筑大学,2011
[15]F.E.H. Tay, et al. MEMSWear-biomonitoring system for remote vital signs monitoring, J.Franglin Inst. 2009,2(1):69-71
[16]谭国模.无线移动网络多参数远程监护系统的研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2006
[17]冯军.基于ARM-linux的通用控制平台的设计与开发[D].长沙：湖南大学,2007
[18]高新军,刘新颖.脉搏血氧饱和度测量原理及常见血氧探头[J].仪器原理及使用,2009；02：10-11
[19]刘大茂,吴学慧,余轮.多功能便携式心电监护仪的研制[J].福州大学学报,1998；26(2)：36-39
[20]全书海,毕常青,阮霭兰.基于单片机实时滤除心电(ECG)干扰的数字滤波器设计[J].计算机应用研究,1994,21(2)：34-38
[21]周静.基于单片机设计的脉搏测量仪[D].天津：天津大学,2009.5
[22]谭小丹,邓亲恺.无损伤血氧饱和度测量的研究[J].中国医学物理学杂志,1999,16(2)：26-38
[23]李新雨.基于单片机ADC841设计的心电测量仪[J].科技信息,2011；1(2)：13-15
[24]张守信,黄学德.GPS技术与应用[M].国防工业出版社,2004
[25]海晴.国内外GPS技术应用形势及发展前景[J].中国计算机报,1995,3(14)：99-103
[26]王伟.基于WINDOWS MOBILE的移动GIS研究[J].电脑知识与技术,2009；05(1)36-37
[27]刘基余.GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法[M].北京：科学出版社,2003
[28]毕军,关伟,申金升GPS/GSM手持式定位仪的设计与实现[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2005；19(3)：29-52
[29]晏潇,王洁,李渝.常见手机定位方法概述[J].电子科技大学学报,2010；1(2)：12-14
[30]Chang Cuizhi, Investigation on mobile station location in WCDMA-based cellular network[J]. IEEE, 2004; 13(1):8～9
[31]Yilin Zhao. Mobile Phone Location Determination and Its Impact on Intelligent Transportation Systems[J]. IEEE,2003;2(1):11～13
[32]C. Drane and C. Rizons, Positioning Systems in Intelligent Transportation Systems[J].IEEE Trans Biomed Eng,1999;3:15～16.
[33]魏小龙.MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[34]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004
[35]胡大可.MSP430系列Flash型超低功耗16位单片机[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[36]徐利群.海南GPRS网络建设和应用[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2002
[37]李春光GPRS相对GSM技术在水文自动测报中的应用优势探讨[J].数字技术与应用,2010；1(2)：13-15
[38]董理.构建油井数据监护系统促进油田企业协调发展[J].管理学报,2010；11(2)：21-23
[39]冯奇.基于MSP430超低功耗处理器的监护仪脉搏血氧模块[J].中国仪器仪表,2006；(3)：12-13
[40]陈亚明,谭小丹,邓亲恺.监护用脉搏式血氧饱和度测试方法的研究[J].中国医疗器械杂志,1999；11(2)：21-23
[41]雷茂岭.浅谈基于无线网络技术的多参数监护仪[J].医疗装备,2010；12(3)：22-24
[42]禹帆.蓝牙技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002
[43]刘晓东.基于蓝牙协议的生理电信号传输的实现[J].医疗卫生装备,2004；1(4)：14-15
[44]李春光GPRS相对GSM技术在水文自动测报中的应用优势探讨[J].数字技术与应用,2010；2(3)：23-24
[45]金小萍.使用单片机实现GPRS通信小系统的研究[J].电子工程师,2007；2(1)：25-26
[46]廖婧璇.一种智能电热水器温度控制系统的设计与实现[J].甘肃科技纵横,2010；1(3)：26-29
[47]赵晶.低频时码信号场强测量方法及便携式场强仪的研究与设计[D].北京：中国科学院国家授时中心,2007
[48]江孝林.Pt膜温度传感器测试、分选系统数据采集与处理软件设计[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨理工大学,2008
[49]曾繁贰,钟清华,张静萌,于建业.移动健康监护系统[J].微计算机信息,2011；27(7)：34-36
[50]于巍,张宁,姚翔.血氧饱和度检测中自动增益控制方法的研究[J].医疗卫生装备,2006；27(2)：15-17
[51]邓亲恺.现代医学仪器设计原理[M].北京：科学出版社,2004
[52]柯子力.血氧饱和度检测介绍[J].中国医疗器械信息,2004；16(4)：5-8
[53]Winter BB.Webster JG Driven-Right-Leg Cireuit Design.IEEE Trans Biomed Eng,1983;30:45～55
[54]刘震.条形码自动识别技术及缺损条码纠错算法的研究[D].沈阳：沈阳理工大学,2009
[55]赵霄.基于蓝牙HCI实现单片机与PC间无线通信[J].中国新通信,2008；1(4)：15-18
[56]赵浪涛,赵永花.DS18820芯片在温度测量系统中的应用[J].兰州工业学校学报,2009,11(4)：5-8
[57]Nick Randolph, David Gardner.Visual Studio 2008高级编程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009.12
[58]John sharp,周靖.Visual C#2008从入门到精通[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009.01
[59]曹迎.基于多网融合的海事通信系统组网及接入技术研究[D].南京：东南大学,2009
[60]Shawn Wildermuth, Jim Wightman. ADO.NET应用程序开发[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2010.03
[61]张伟.基于智能终端定位的智能交通系统研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2011
[62]Michael J.Donahoo, Kenneth L.Calvert. TCP/IPSockets编程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009.11
[63]张鑫.关于村卫生机构合作医疗信息系统B/S和C/S架构的探析[J].医学信息,2011；1(4)：45-48
[64]赵莉.丰田公司汽车行业CRM系统的设计与实现[D].天津：南开大学,2006
[2]李瑞欣,张西正,侍才洪.医疗机器人的研究与进展[J].中国医学装备,2009,6(1)：7-12
[3]殷兰兰,刘静华,陈殿生.服务机器人辅助老年人生活[J].机器人技术与应用,2010；(3)：2-5
[4]彭群红.江西城市老年人口社会保障资金管理体制改革与对策研究[D].南昌：南昌大学,2007
[5]Grigore C Burdea, Stanley M Dunn. Evaluation of robot based registration for subtraction radiography[J]. Medical Image Analysis,2005,V3(3):265-274
[6]Kimura H, Suda A,Sakuma T, Tatsumi K, Kawakami Y, Kuriyama T. Nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturation and prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and late sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis. Respiratory Failure Research Group in Japan. Intern Med.1998 Apr;37(4):354-9.
[7]刘新梅,李洪光.蓝牙传输性能研究的主要问题与现状[J].电子世界,2011,14：34-35
[8]郭峰.蓝牙数据传输性能增强技术研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2007.10
[9]曹冲.谈中国广域GPS增强网系统及其服务体系[J].中国计算机报,1995,3(14)：23-24
[10]张平川,魏威.基于GSM信号无源雷达系统双基站的优化分配研究[J].仪表技术与传感器,2010,1(3)：34-35
[11]Takeshi Nagata. An Electric Power Energy Monitoring System in Campus using an Internet [J]. IEEE, 2006;(2):68～79
[12]S.S.Intille, Designing a home of the future, IEEE Pervasive Comput,2002,1(2):68～79
[13]文耀锋.一种实时的跌倒姿态检测和心率监护系统的研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2008.12
[14]谭林.中医按摩机器人的运动控制系统研究[D].济南：山东建筑大学,2011
[15]F.E.H. Tay, et al. MEMSWear-biomonitoring system for remote vital signs monitoring, J.Franglin Inst. 2009,2(1):69-71
[16]谭国模.无线移动网络多参数远程监护系统的研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2006
[17]冯军.基于ARM-linux的通用控制平台的设计与开发[D].长沙：湖南大学,2007
[18]高新军,刘新颖.脉搏血氧饱和度测量原理及常见血氧探头[J].仪器原理及使用,2009；02：10-11
[19]刘大茂,吴学慧,余轮.多功能便携式心电监护仪的研制[J].福州大学学报,1998；26(2)：36-39
[20]全书海,毕常青,阮霭兰.基于单片机实时滤除心电(ECG)干扰的数字滤波器设计[J].计算机应用研究,1994,21(2)：34-38
[21]周静.基于单片机设计的脉搏测量仪[D].天津：天津大学,2009.5
[22]谭小丹,邓亲恺.无损伤血氧饱和度测量的研究[J].中国医学物理学杂志,1999,16(2)：26-38
[23]李新雨.基于单片机ADC841设计的心电测量仪[J].科技信息,2011；1(2)：13-15
[24]张守信,黄学德.GPS技术与应用[M].国防工业出版社,2004
[25]海晴.国内外GPS技术应用形势及发展前景[J].中国计算机报,1995,3(14)：99-103
[26]王伟.基于WINDOWS MOBILE的移动GIS研究[J].电脑知识与技术,2009；05(1)36-37
[27]刘基余.GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法[M].北京：科学出版社,2003
[28]毕军,关伟,申金升GPS/GSM手持式定位仪的设计与实现[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2005；19(3)：29-52
[29]晏潇,王洁,李渝.常见手机定位方法概述[J].电子科技大学学报,2010；1(2)：12-14
[30]Chang Cuizhi, Investigation on mobile station location in WCDMA-based cellular network[J]. IEEE, 2004; 13(1):8～9
[31]Yilin Zhao. Mobile Phone Location Determination and Its Impact on Intelligent Transportation Systems[J]. IEEE,2003;2(1):11～13
[32]C. Drane and C. Rizons, Positioning Systems in Intelligent Transportation Systems[J].IEEE Trans Biomed Eng,1999;3:15～16.
[33]魏小龙.MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[34]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004
[35]胡大可.MSP430系列Flash型超低功耗16位单片机[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[36]徐利群.海南GPRS网络建设和应用[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2002
[37]李春光GPRS相对GSM技术在水文自动测报中的应用优势探讨[J].数字技术与应用,2010；1(2)：13-15
[38]董理.构建油井数据监护系统促进油田企业协调发展[J].管理学报,2010；11(2)：21-23
[39]冯奇.基于MSP430超低功耗处理器的监护仪脉搏血氧模块[J].中国仪器仪表,2006；(3)：12-13
[40]陈亚明,谭小丹,邓亲恺.监护用脉搏式血氧饱和度测试方法的研究[J].中国医疗器械杂志,1999；11(2)：21-23
[41]雷茂岭.浅谈基于无线网络技术的多参数监护仪[J].医疗装备,2010；12(3)：22-24
[42]禹帆.蓝牙技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002
[43]刘晓东.基于蓝牙协议的生理电信号传输的实现[J].医疗卫生装备,2004；1(4)：14-15
[44]李春光GPRS相对GSM技术在水文自动测报中的应用优势探讨[J].数字技术与应用,2010；2(3)：23-24
[45]金小萍.使用单片机实现GPRS通信小系统的研究[J].电子工程师,2007；2(1)：25-26
[46]廖婧璇.一种智能电热水器温度控制系统的设计与实现[J].甘肃科技纵横,2010；1(3)：26-29
[47]赵晶.低频时码信号场强测量方法及便携式场强仪的研究与设计[D].北京：中国科学院国家授时中心,2007
[48]江孝林.Pt膜温度传感器测试、分选系统数据采集与处理软件设计[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨理工大学,2008
[49]曾繁贰,钟清华,张静萌,于建业.移动健康监护系统[J].微计算机信息,2011；27(7)：34-36
[50]于巍,张宁,姚翔.血氧饱和度检测中自动增益控制方法的研究[J].医疗卫生装备,2006；27(2)：15-17
[51]邓亲恺.现代医学仪器设计原理[M].北京：科学出版社,2004
[52]柯子力.血氧饱和度检测介绍[J].中国医疗器械信息,2004；16(4)：5-8
[53]Winter BB.Webster JG Driven-Right-Leg Cireuit Design.IEEE Trans Biomed Eng,1983;30:45～55
[54]刘震.条形码自动识别技术及缺损条码纠错算法的研究[D].沈阳：沈阳理工大学,2009
[55]赵霄.基于蓝牙HCI实现单片机与PC间无线通信[J].中国新通信,2008；1(4)：15-18
[56]赵浪涛,赵永花.DS18820芯片在温度测量系统中的应用[J].兰州工业学校学报,2009,11(4)：5-8
[57]Nick Randolph, David Gardner.Visual Studio 2008高级编程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009.12
[58]John sharp,周靖.Visual C#2008从入门到精通[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009.01
[59]曹迎.基于多网融合的海事通信系统组网及接入技术研究[D].南京：东南大学,2009
[60]Shawn Wildermuth, Jim Wightman. ADO.NET应用程序开发[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2010.03
[61]张伟.基于智能终端定位的智能交通系统研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2011
[62]Michael J.Donahoo, Kenneth L.Calvert. TCP/IPSockets编程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009.11
[63]张鑫.关于村卫生机构合作医疗信息系统B/S和C/S架构的探析[J].医学信息,2011；1(4)：45-48
[64]赵莉.丰田公司汽车行业CRM系统的设计与实现[D].天津：南开大学,2006